1990 human retrovirus htlv ii antigens. Medical search. Frequent questions

HTLV-II participants had significantly increased incidences of acute bronchitis (incidence ratio [IR] = 1.68), bladder or kidney infection (IR = 1.55), arthritis (IR = 2.66), and asthma (IR = 3.28), and a borderline increase in pneumonia (IR = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98 to 3.38). (cdc.gov)
HTLV-I participants had significantly increased incidences of bladder or kidney infection (IR = 1.82), and arthritis (IR = 2.84). (cdc.gov)
We conclude that HTLV-II infection may inhibit immunologic responses to respiratory infections and that both HTLV-I and -II may induce inflammatory or autoimmune reactions. (cdc.gov)
Other possible health outcomes of chronic HTLV-I and -II infection have not yet been adequately investigated. (cdc.gov)
Patients with adult T-cell leukemia may develop opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( 6 ) or Strongyloides superinfection ( 7 ) , but clinical immunodeficiency does not appear to develop in most persons with chronic HTLV-I or -II infection. (cdc.gov)
We have prospectively followed a large cohort of former blood donors with well-documented HTLV-I and -II infection at enrollment, and a similar group of uninfected donors, all of whom are HIV seronegative. (cdc.gov)
Until recently, the only reliable way to differentiate HTLV-I from HTLV-II infection was by polymerase chain reaction (7). (cdc.gov)
HTLV-I infection is endemic in southwestern Japan (10), the Caribbean basin (11), Melanesia (12), and in parts of Africa (13-15). (cdc.gov)
In some areas where HTLV-I infection is endemic, prevalence rates as high as 15% have been reported in the general population. (cdc.gov)
In this paper, we studied expression, kinetics, chromatin remodeling of the CD3 gene at different time-points post HTLV-I infection. (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude that HTLV-I infection initiates a process leading to a complete loss of CD3 membrane expression by an epigenetic mechanism which continues along time, despite an early silencing of the viral genome. (biomedcentral.com)
HTLV-I infection can lead to the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in 2-5% of infected individuals depending upon geographic location and exposure to etiologic factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Human infection is acquired by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes by infective filariform larvae, either from autoinfection or from contact with infected soil or other material contaminated with human feces (fecal-oral route) (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Does HIV-2 protect against HIV-1 infection? (microbiologyresearch.org)
Plasma viral load in HIV-1 and HIV-2 singly and dually infected individuals in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: significantly lower plasma virus set point in HIV-2 infection than in HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Does HIV-2 infection provide cross-protection against HIV-1 infection? (microbiologyresearch.org)
Diagnosis of HIV-1/2 dual infection using dilution analysis of type-specific antibody. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2-mediated inhibition of HIV type 1: a new approach to gene therapy of HIV-infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The detection of HIV-2 infection in southern India. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Low peripheral blood viral HIV-2 RNA in individuals with high CD4 percentage differentiates HIV-2 from HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The life cycle of retroviruses is arbitrarily divided into two distinct phases: the early phase refers to the steps of infection from cell binding to the integration of the viral cDNA into the cell genome, whereas the late phase begins with the expression of viral genes and continues through to the release and maturation of progeny virions (see Figure 1 for a schematic view of the retroviral life cycle). (biomedcentral.com)
Rickinson, A.B. and Moss, D.J. (1997) Human Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. (scirp.org)
Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)

They are only distantly related to the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2), which belong to the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses and which cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
[ 7 ] Os lentivirus teñen moitas morfoloxías e propiedades biolóxicas en común. (wikipedia.org)
In cattle, known retroviruses are bovine leukemia virus (BLV) of the genus Deltaretrovirus , bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) of the genus Lentivirus , and bovine foamy virus (BFV) of the genus Bovispumavirus [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Several retroviruses, including members of the genera Lentivirus , Gammaretrovirus , and Deltaretrovirus have been shown to cause disease in the CNS. (biomedcentral.com)

Both belong to the oncovirus subfamily of retroviruses and can transform human lymphocytes so that they are self-sustaining in vitro. (cdc.gov)
Gp120 binds to cells expressing CD4 cell-surface antigens, most notably T4-lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. (lookformedical.com)
The N-terminal part of gp41 is thought to be involved in CELL FUSION with the CD4 ANTIGENS of T4 LYMPHOCYTES, leading to syncytial formation. (lookformedical.com)
Cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes of Tat from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). (microbiologyresearch.org)
Natural HIV-1 Nef accelerates virus replication in primary human lymphocytes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)

testing, after amplification by polymerase chain reaction, indicated that approximately half were infected with HTLV-I and half with HTLV-II (6). (cdc.gov)
Because the polymerase chain-reaction test is not routinely available, many donors and other persons positive by serologic assays have been told that they are infected with HTLV-I/II. (cdc.gov)

The human T-lymphotropic viruses, type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II), are closely related but distinct retroviruses that can infect humans. (cdc.gov)
For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. (mdpi.com)

Human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and -II) are presumed to have derived from primate T-lymphotropic viruses with which they share significant nucleotide sequence homology ( 1 ) . (cdc.gov)
They are different from the human immunodeficiency viruses that cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (cdc.gov)
Human T-lymphotropic viruses, type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II), were the first human retroviruses discovered (1,2). (cdc.gov)
In relation to "CFS", the most-studied viruses have been the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and the Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6). (investinme.org)
Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)
The majority of emerging infectious diseases in humans are of animal origin, and many of them are caused by neuropathogenic viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Retroviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that incorporate their genomes as proviruses into host chromosomal genomes after reverse transcription to cDNA. (biomedcentral.com)

The presence of antibodies to HTLV-I or HTLV-II indicates that a person is infected with the virus. (cdc.gov)
Since then, all donations of whole blood and blood components in the United States have been screened for antibodies to HTLV-I. The screening tests that were licensed, as well as the investigational supplementary tests used to confirm seroreactivity (Western immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation assay), do not reliably differentiate between antibodies to HTLV-I and the closely related HTLV-II. (cdc.gov)
In addition, the licensed screening tests, which use HTLV-I antigens, vary in their sensitivity to detect antibodies to HTLV-II (4,5). (cdc.gov)
Within the past 2 years, investigational peptide- and recombinant protein-based serologic assays that can more easily differentiate the antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-II have been developed (8,9). (cdc.gov)
Antibodies reactive with HIV ANTIGENS . (lookformedical.com)
Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. (lookformedical.com)

At the NIH, Fisher developed approaches that allowed the successful introduction of exogenous DNA onto human blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. (lookformedical.com)

Two methods, protoplast fusion and electroporation, proved successful and allowed Fisher to test whether molecular clones isolated from HIV-infected cultures could generate infectious retrovirus upon transfection. (wikipedia.org)
Retroviruses that have integrated into the germline ( PROVIRUSES ) that have lost infectious capability but retained the capability to transpose. (lookformedical.com)

Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and -2 in individuals from Guinea-Bissau with single or dual infections: predominance of a distinct HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant in West Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Description: Anti-CD19-Anti-CD3-His-Tag is a purified recombinant human bispecific T cell Engager (BiTE) based on Amgen's Blinatumomab. (gentaurtop.com)

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. (lookformedical.com)

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. (lookformedical.com)

This study is a prospective, multicenter cohort of persons with HTLV-I and -II infections, which were detected at the time of attempted blood donation at five U.S. blood centers and comparable HTLV-seronegative donors. (cdc.gov)
In November 1988, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended that blood donation centers screen the U.S. blood supply for HTLV-I (3). (cdc.gov)

However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)

Hepatitis C virus antigens enzyme immunoassay for one-step diagnosis of hepatitis C virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals. (uc.edu)

Hoang, H., Akihiro, T. and Norifumi, K. (2014) Role of Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration in Human Hepatocarcinogenesis. (scirp.org)
For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

Fisher was educated at the University of Birmingham where she was awarded a PhD in 1984 for research into antigens expressed during myelopoiesis. (wikipedia.org)
2. Feinberg, A.P. & Vogelstein, B. (1984) Anal. (gentaurtop.com)

The activation of the Akt/Bad pathway generates a progressive resistance to apoptosis, at a time HTLV-I genes expression is silenced. (biomedcentral.com)

External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus Vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In contrast, classical immune (type I/ II) cytokine receptors do not have intrinsic protein kinase activity but associate with the Janus family of kinases (JAKs). (openrheumatologyjournal.com)

Screening of the U.S. blood supply for HTLV-I/II, which began in 1988, identifies HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected persons who should be counseled regarding their infections. (cdc.gov)
Infections with HTLV-I and HTLV-II are most easily detected serologically. (cdc.gov)
The uncertainty regarding the identity of the infecting virus and the differing epidemiologic and clinical correlates of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections have complicated counseling of HTLV-I/II-infected persons. (cdc.gov)
A parasitic male exists, but it is found only in experimentally infected dogs and has no role in human infections. (medscape.com)

1997 revised guidelines for performing CD4+ T-cell determinations in persons infected with human immunode- ficiency virus [HIV]. (cdc.gov)

This document summarizes current information about HTLV, types I and II, and presents recommendations developed by CDC and a U.S. Public Health Service working group for counseling HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected persons. (cdc.gov)
The recommendations for counseling HTLV-I-, HTLV-II-, and HTLV-I/II-infected persons included in this document are intended for use by health-care workers and public health officials in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Approximately half of HTLV-I/II-seropositive blood donors nationwide are infected with HTLV-I. HTLV-I-infected donors most often report a history of birth in HTLV-I-endemic countries or sexual contact with persons from the Caribbean or Japan. (cdc.gov)
CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
Single-platform technology (SPT) is designed to enable de- system and managing the health care of persons infected with terminations of both absolute and percentage lymphocyte sub- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ( 1-4 ). (cdc.gov)

Mechanism of action of regulatory proteins encoded by complex retroviruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Here we identify the core oral mycobiome (COM) and core oral bacteriome (COB) in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, and demonstrate that the COM differs between these two groups. (prelekara.sk)

HTLV-I, but not HTLV-II, causes adult T-cell leukemia. (cdc.gov)
HTLV-I has been causally associated with adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-associated myelopathy. (cdc.gov)
This worm has 2 types of life cycles-a free-living life cycle (rhabditiform larvae) and a parasitic life cycle (filariform infective larvae)-with 3 developmental stages: adult, rhabditiform larva, and filariform larva. (medscape.com)
The adult female worm lives in tunnels between the enterocytes in the small bowel of humans. (medscape.com)
Only adult females are found in infected humans. (medscape.com)

citation needed] Fisher showed in 1985 that molecular clones of HIV, contained within approximately 18kb of contiguous proviral DNA, were biologically active and generated cytopathic virus when introduced into primary human T-cells. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] This established that products of the viral genome itself, rather than a cofactor or contaminant, were capable of killing human T cells and were therefore potentially capable of mediating the immunosuppressive effect of HIV. (wikipedia.org)
T-cell numbers were derived from three measurements deter- attributable to the decrease in the number of T cells that bear mined with two different instruments, a hematology analyzer the CD4 receptor ( 5-9 ). (cdc.gov)
HTLV-I infected CD4 + T-cells lines usually progress towards a CD3 - or CD3 low phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Transient transfection experiments showed that the CD3 γ promoter was still active in CD3 - HTLV-I infected cells demonstrating that adequate amounts of the required transcription factors were available. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific ablation of HIV-Tat expressing cells by conditionally toxic retroviruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cytotoxic T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected patients frequently cross-react with different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades. (microbiologyresearch.org)
B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)

The most common and clinically important pathogenic species in humans is S stercoralis (see the following image). (medscape.com)
In this combined immunodeficiency (SCID) cancer is low in these species (as it chapter, some aspects of this issue mice, in which the human target is in humans), which renders cancer are discussed. (who.int)

Whether HTLV-II is associated with other diseases is unknown. (cdc.gov)
During the World War II, allied military personnel held by the Japanese experienced deprivation, malnutrition, and exposure to tropical diseases. (medscape.com)

She established the first human thymus organ cultures in 1990, based on studies pioneered by Owen and Jenkinson in the mouse. (wikipedia.org)

A keystone of the antigen-specific immune response is the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex. (biomedcentral.com)

Due to the close contact between farm animals and humans, pathogens are easily transmitted between these hosts. (biomedcentral.com)

In 1866, Kussmaul and Maier reported the case of a 27-year-old man who, over a period of approximately 2 months, developed a multisystem disease characterized by fever, myalgias, abdominal pain, mononeuritis multiplex, and proteinuria. (medscape.com)

Cellular factors regulate transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Along this journey, retroviruses hijack the cellular machinery, while at the same time counteracting cellular defenses. (biomedcentral.com)
Elucidating these mechanisms and identifying which cellular factors are exploited by the retroviruses and which hinder their life cycle, will certainly lead to the discovery of new ways to inhibit viral replication and to improve retroviral vectors for gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
During the long journey from the cell surface to the nucleus, retroviruses will face multiple obstacles, since in addition to finding a path through the cytoplasm to the nucleus they have to cross two main barriers, the plasma and nuclear membranes, whilst at the same time avoiding or counteracting cellular defences that can interfere with many of these steps. (biomedcentral.com)

Serological evidence for virus related to simian T-lymphotropic retrovirus III in residents of west Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)

These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)

The second type of life cycle allows noninfective new larvae to molt in the human host into infective filariform larvae. (medscape.com)
Haller, K., Stubenrauch, F. and Pfister, H. (1995) Differentiation-Dependent Transcription of the Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis-Associated Human Papillomavirus Type 5 in Benign Lesions. (scirp.org)
Also that same year, I remember our high school biology class--this was advanced biology, Biology 2--sent away to the American Type Culture Collection for some Rous sarcoma virus. (nih.gov)
Despite the roughly 60 type I/II cytokines discovered, there are only four members in the JAK kinase family. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)

In addition to nutrients in human milk, it considered constituents that have important nonnutritive functions (see Chapter 6 ). (nationalacademies.org)

Nora Chapman et al from the Enterovirus Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, have shown that human enteroviruses Coxsackie B can naturally delete sequence from the 5' end of the RNA genome and that this deletional mechanism results in long-term viral persistence, which has substantially altered the previously held view (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440640/?tool=pubmed). (investinme.org)

citation needed] Fisher moved from the US to the UK in 1987 to study human T cell development. (wikipedia.org)

Weight loss and fever ensued, and he was admitted in April 1981 to the Hartford Hospital where he had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, lymphocytopenia, cytomegalovirus [CMV] in the blood and urine, herpes simplex II perianaly, Candida esophagitis, and Mycobacterium avium tuberculosis of the lung, bone marrow, and esophagus. (nih.gov)

Using survival analysis, we studied medical history data from a prospective cohort of HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected and -uninfected blood donors, all HIV seronegative. (cdc.gov)
the disease caused by the cognate cel s from human cord blood. (who.int)

Livestock also act as transitory hosts that are intermediate between wildlife and humans, for example in the case of Nipah virus in Malaysia [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The infant's total nutrient intake is determined by nutrient concentrations in human milk and by the volume of milk consumed. (nationalacademies.org)

citation needed] This refinement allowed cell-fate to be mapped in vitro and provided a system in which potential factors that shape the human T cell repertoire could be experimentally tested. (wikipedia.org)

Need help sourcing FFPE, frozen or fresh human tissue samples for your research? (lab-ally.com)
During the last two decades, the profusion of HIV research due to the urge to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a wealth of information on the retroviral replication cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

11. ClementeJC, UrsellLK, ParfreyLW, KnightR (2012) The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Human Health: An Integrative View. (prelekara.sk)
Many cases of neurological disease and encephalitis in livestock remain etiologically unresolved, posing a constant threat to animal and human health. (biomedcentral.com)

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