• The frequency of such events decreased from 7.4/year in 1986 - 1990 to 3.8/ year in 2007 - 2011. (cdc.gov)
  • Assessment of occupational exposure to inorganic arsenic based on urinary concentrations and speciation of arsenic. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure assessment is a branch of environmental science and occupational hygiene that focuses on the processes that take place at the interface between the environment containing the contaminant of interest and the organism being considered. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the same general concepts apply to other organisms, the overwhelming majority of applications of exposure assessment are concerned with human health, making it an important tool in public health. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure assessment is the process of estimating or measuring the magnitude, frequency and duration of exposure to an agent, along with the number and characteristics of the population exposed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure assessment' and 'exposure analysis' are often used as synonyms in many practical contexts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantitative measures of exposure are used: in risk assessment, together with inputs from toxicology, to determine risk from substances released to the environment, to establish protective standards, in epidemiology, to distinguish between exposed and control groups, and to protect workers from occupational hazards. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the crude exposure assessment, lack of comparable studies, and the high number of outcomes considered, the results should be interpreted with caution. (bmj.com)
  • The hypothetical relevance of any source that provides fields of a particular wavelength makes a complete exposure assessment extremely difficult. (bmj.com)
  • Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab. (epa.gov)
  • The National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals provides an ongoing assessment of the U.S. population's exposure to environmental chemicals using biologic monitoring (biomonitoring). (health.mil)
  • Biomonitoring is the direct assessment of people's exposure to chemicals by measuring the chemicals or their breakdown products (metabolites) in blood or urine. (health.mil)
  • This report presents the findings of the first-ever international assessment of the environmental impact of depleted uranium (DU) when used in a real conflict situation. (health.mil)
  • Measure of cotinine in hair, blood, and urine permits the assessment of SHS exposure or active smoking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Before that, they conducted a 'Cumulative Exposure Project' (CEP) for 1990 which also included an assessment of air toxics. (nj.gov)
  • Can the same occupational noise exposure guidelines that apply to workers also apply for assessment of risk to the general public? (cdc.gov)
  • Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment on benzene, 1-methyl-2-nitro- (2-nitrotoluene), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 88-72-2. (gc.ca)
  • Margins of exposure were not calculated for non-cancer effects in this assessment since non-cancer effects occurred at a dose at which tumours were observed and because the information available indicates that exposures of the general Canadian population to 2-nitrotoluene from either environmental media or consumer products are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
  • The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. (inchem.org)
  • CICADs join the Environmental Health Criteria documents (EHCs) as authoritative documents on the risk assessment of chemicals. (inchem.org)
  • It begins with general points concerning toxicological data availability and hazard identification, then moves on to risk assessment and occupational exposure limits, and finally looks briefly at three specific toxicological issues, asthma, chronic toxic encephalopathy, and ``low toxicity'' dust effects on the lung, where the science is far from resolved. (cdc.gov)
  • Given the absence of a threshold concentration being established, we performed a sensitivity analysis assuming different hypothetical threshold values for toxicity above 15 μg/L, 24 μg/L and 100 μg/L. Adverse health outcomes of lead exposure were translated into social burden and economic costs based on literature data from literature. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Workshop on Exposure to Environmental Agents, Their Metabolism, and Mechanisms of Toxicity: Research Needs. (epa.gov)
  • Toxicity might develop over 1 to 4 hours after exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Anyone can develop mercury toxicity as a result of mercury exposure. (epnet.com)
  • Objectives Occupational pesticide exposure is associated with a wide range of diseases, including lung diseases, but it is largely unknown how pesticides influence airway disease pathogenesis. (bmj.com)
  • Some studies have also tightness, difficulty in breathing, insomnia, effects associated with pesticide exposures is indicated that pesticide exposure is associated confusion, and difficulty concentrating. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, the risk of noise damage depends on several factors: how loud the noise is, how long you listen to it, how much rest your ears get between exposures, and your individual susceptibility to noise. (cdc.gov)
  • There are no benefits (see reasons #11-19), only risks (see reasons #21-36), for infants ingesting this heightened level of fluoride at such an early age (an age where susceptibility to environmental toxins is particularly high). (fluoridealert.org)
  • The influence of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk may be greater during several windows of susceptibility (WOS) in a woman's life, including prenatal development, puberty, pregnancy, and the menopausal transition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In one study, researchers analyzed the health of 16,696 Finnish construction workers from 1990 to 2000. (mesothelioma.com)
  • We studied socioeconomic inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality and their contribution to inequalities in total mortality in 1990-1994 and 2000-2004 in 14 European countries. (bmj.com)
  • Methods We collected, harmonised and standardised population-wide data on all-cause and lung-cancer mortality by age, gender, educational and occupational level in 14 European populations in 1990-1994 and 2000-2004. (bmj.com)
  • We calculated 10-year time-weighted mean noise exposure for 1.8 million women aged >35 years, of whom 66,006 developed breast cancer during follow-up from 2000 to 2017. (lu.se)
  • In 1998, NIOSH established the REL for occupational noise exposures to be 85 decibels, A-weighted (dB[A]) as an 8-hour time-weighted average. (cdc.gov)
  • RESULTS: For exposures at the least exposed façade, we found that a 10 dB increase in 10-year time-weighted noise was associated with incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer of 1.032 (1.019-1.046) for road noise and 1.023 (0.993-1.053) for railway noise. (lu.se)
  • The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) oversee rules to protect workers from exposure. (mesothelioma.com)
  • Conference on Medical Screening and Biological Monitoring for the Effects of Exposure in the Workplace, Held at Cincinnati, Ohio on July 10-13, 1984. (epa.gov)
  • Conference on Medical Screening and Biological Monitoring for the Effects of Exposure in the Workplace, July 1984, Part 1. (epa.gov)
  • Acquired genetic effects involve modification of genetic material over time and can include genetic damage or genetic expression resulting from workplace or environmental exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • NIOSH establishes recommended exposure limits (RELs) to protect workers against the health effects of exposure to hazardous substances and agents encountered in the workplace. (cdc.gov)
  • Importantly, the NIOSH REL is not a recommendation for noise exposures outside of the workplace in the general environment. (cdc.gov)
  • The first four scenarios above were common until the 1970s, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began to regulate the industrial uses of asbestos and the Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) developed workplace exposure standards [Seidman and Selikoff 1990]. (cdc.gov)
  • It is highly important to use both regulatory and non-regulatory approaches in order to decrease people's exposure to contaminants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Secondhand tobacco smoke: a source of lead exposure in US children and adolescents. (cdc.gov)
  • More comprehensive reviews of the history of smoking bans and the scientific evidence and societal forces for and against them can be found in The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General (HHS, 2006) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation (IOM, 2007). (nationalacademies.org)
  • During the latter part of the 20th century, the adverse health effects from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke also were documented. (nih.gov)
  • Through the smokescreen : a critique of environmental tobacco smoke, a review of the literature by the Tobacco Institute of New Zealand / Judith Reinken. (who.int)
  • 2] National Research Council of the National Academies, Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII, Phase 2 [online]. (cdc.gov)
  • Risks of 24 categories of birth defects were compared across exposure levels. (bmj.com)
  • Maternal exposure was associated with increased risks of spina bifida (p=0.04) and clubfoot (p=0.04). (bmj.com)
  • Paternal exposure was associated with increased risks of anencephaly (p=0.01) and a category of "other defects" (p=0.02). (bmj.com)
  • This report, which documents the Capstone study, is the sourcebook of data from which reasonable and appropriate data could be selected for assessing exposure and characterizing human health risks to personnel who were exposed to aerosols during the Gulf War/ODS or potentially could be exposed to aerosols in future military activities. (health.mil)
  • World Health Organization (WHO) has recently reported that environmental risks including SHS take lives of 1.7 million children under 5 years of age every year [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Harmful exposure to these environmental risks could begin in the mother's womb and affect fetal development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Understanding and minimizing the risks associated with noise exposures are the keys to preventing noise-related hearing loss. (cdc.gov)
  • industrial and general commercial chemicals and the This situation has produced a prevailingsense within risks to health that might be posed by exposure to them regulatory institutions of needing to catch up on data in an occupational environment. (cdc.gov)
  • This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines* developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (health.mil)
  • The potential for exposure to hazardous materials in the United States is significant. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of hazardous materials exposures cannot be ascertained accurately because a national reporting system does not exist. (medscape.com)
  • In an attempt to better define the magnitude of this problem, the Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry developed the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system in 1990. (medscape.com)
  • Exposures at or above this level are considered hazardous. (cdc.gov)
  • Most noise-induced hearing loss is a result of accumulated damage from repeated exposures to hazardous noise. (cdc.gov)
  • Poor air quality is such an issue that it is directly addressed within the SDG targets: SDG 3.9 (substantial reduction of health impacts from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution) and SDG 11.6 (reduction of adverse per capita environmental impacts of cities, including paying special attention to air quality and other waste management). (springer.com)
  • 1970 - Clean Air Act , amended in 1977 and 1990 with National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS), regulates off-site contamination, that is, pollution outside one's facility. (onlineethics.org)
  • Prevention of childhood lead exposure has a high social benefit, due to reduction of B-Pb concentrations to levels below 15 μg/L or 24 μg/L, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We quantified urine cotinine concentrations in mothers once from 12th to 20th gestational weeks and excluded those whose urine cotinine levels exceeded 42.7 ng/ml to represent SHS exposure in early pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New Jersey compares health benchmarks to the modeled ambient concentrations, while USEPA converts the ambient data into 'exposure concentrations' using an exposure model that incorporates numerous assumptions about the demographics and activity patterns within a census tract. (nj.gov)
  • Resulting exposure concentrations may either be higher or lower than ambient concentrations. (nj.gov)
  • Dichlorotetrafluoroethane is known to be a narcotic in high concentrations, but no human exposure data are available concerning its narcotic effects. (cdc.gov)
  • The long time from exposure to potentially harmful chemicals until breast cancer occurrence poses challenges for designing etiologic studies and for implementing successful prevention programs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the plausible heightened mechanistic influences of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk during time periods of change in the mammary gland's structure and function, most human studies of environmental chemicals are not focused on specific WOS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This article reviews studies conducted over the past few decades that have specifically addressed the effect of environmental chemicals and metals on breast cancer risk during at least one of these WOS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • more limited evidence addresses specific environmental chemicals and metals during these same WOS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many of the studies indicate that pesticide physiology, pharmacology, epidemiology, soci- toms such as respiratory problems, memory exposure is associated with deficits in cogni- ological studies, and the emerging area of disorders, dermatologic conditions, cancer, tive function. (cdc.gov)
  • To determine the rate of coccidioidomycosis-associated deaths in the United States, we examined multiple cause-coded death records for 1990-2008 for demographics, secular trends, and geographic distribution. (cdc.gov)
  • In the current study, we examined temporal aspects of the exposure-response relationship between airborne endotoxin exposure, longitudinal change in FEV 1 , and respiratory symptoms in a cohort of Chinese cotton textile workers. (nih.gov)
  • Previous analyses of the present study population, a cohort of Chinese cotton textile workers, evaluated longitudinal change in FEV 1 and the occurrence of chronic respiratory symptoms in relation to cumulative endotoxin exposure. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, we evaluated the exposure-response relationship between cumulative endotoxin exposure and longitudinal change in FEV 1 and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in an updated follow-up of a 25-year prospective cohort study of Chinese cotton textile workers. (nih.gov)
  • We explored the association between prenatal exposure to SHS and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age considering genetic polymorphism and breastfeeding in 720 mothers and their offspring enrolled in the Korean multicenter birth cohort study (Mothers and Children Environmental Health, MOCEH). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act established a Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) for certain classes of employees. (dol.gov)
  • For example, exposure to byproducts of water chlorination can obviously occur by drinking, but also through the skin, while swimming or washing, and even through inhalation from droplets aerosolized during a shower. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure to methyl isocyanate typically occurs through inhalation or dermal absorption. (cdc.gov)
  • The air pathway (inhalation of contaminated air) is the most important route of exposure to asbestos and the route that most commonly leads to illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Placental passage of these environmental toxicants might affect prenatal nervous system development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although effects of prenatal exposure to SHS on early neurodevelopment vary among studies, they remain significant issues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Low-level lead exposure in the prenatal and early preschool periods: language development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several of the identified genes, for example, RYR1 , ALLC , PTPRN2 , LRRC3B , PAX2 and VTRNA2-1 , are genes previously linked to either pesticide exposure or lung-related diseases. (bmj.com)
  • NIOSH has a long history of leadership in conducting research, advancing control measures, and recommending noise-exposure limits to prevent job-related hearing loss. (cdc.gov)
  • What is the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit? (cdc.gov)
  • The NIOSH REL is an occupational exposure limit, and was set to protect workers from developing hearing loss -substantial enough to make it difficult to hear or understand speech - over the course of a forty-year working career. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of methyl isocyanate in environmental samples, as determined by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
  • 1970 - Occupational Safety and Health Act established the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) within the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to develop mandatory health and safety standards for business, conduct research on occupational health problems and produce criteria identifying toxic substances and safe exposure levels for them. (onlineethics.org)
  • Conclusions We show for the first time that occupational exposure to pesticides is genome-wide associated with differential DNA methylation. (bmj.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Road traffic and railway noise were associated with higher risk for breast cancer, especially noise at the least exposed façade, which is a proxy for noise exposure during sleep. (lu.se)
  • A reduction in exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels was first observed in smokers in the early 1990s 1 , 2 , and this effect was found after both acute and chronic exposure to smoking 3 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Significant reduction in ventilatory lung capacity, bradycardia, and increased variability in heart rate have been reported following exposures to 2,300 to 21,400 ppm for 15, 45, or 60 seconds [IPCS 1990]. (cdc.gov)
  • this has seen reduction in SO 2 emissions across Europe by more than 60% between 1990 and 2004 (Vestreng et al. (springer.com)
  • No biologic marker for methyl isocyanate exposure is available. (cdc.gov)
  • Out of all 1.6 million births in Norway in the period 1967-95, 836 475 and 1 290 298 births had information on maternal and paternal exposure, respectively. (bmj.com)
  • Maternal exposure to SHS during pregnancy may result in delayed MDI in early childhood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Between 1990 and 2005, no region achieved the 5.5% annual decline in maternal mortality necessary to attain Target 5A of Millennium Development Goal 5 (Improve maternal health). (who.int)
  • However, the long-term exposure-response relationship between endotoxin and change in lung function and respiratory symptoms is not well understood. (nih.gov)
  • Short- or long-term exposure to mercury can cause serious health problems. (epnet.com)
  • Methods 1561 subjects of LifeLines were included with either no (n=1392), low (n=108) or high (n=61) exposure to any type of pesticides (estimated based on current or last held job). (bmj.com)
  • METHODS: For all 2.8 million residential addresses across Denmark, we modelled road and railway noise at the most and least exposed façades for the period 1990-2017. (lu.se)
  • Allen JG, MacNaughton P, Santanam S, Satish U, and Spengler J. Associations of cognitive function scores with carbon dioxide, ventilation, and volatile organic compound exposures in office workers: a controlled exposure study of green and conventional office environments. (nature.com)
  • Several associations have been identified, including cigarette smoking, gastroesophageal reflux disease, occupational exposure to wood and various other occupation-related dusts, Epstein-Barr virus, and hepatitis C virus. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, we assessed associations between occupational exposure to pesticides and genome-wide DNA methylation sites. (bmj.com)
  • Associations between pesticide exposure and 420 938 methylation sites (CpGs) were assessed using robust linear regression adjusted for appropriate confounders. (bmj.com)
  • Several of these studies were reviewed by Robert, 2 but present no convincing evidence that exposure to electromagnetic fields in pregnant women or their partners is associated with reproductive outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • It is well known that SHS exposure brings about almost the same adverse health outcomes as active smoking [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, pregnant women, their unborn fetuses, and young children are especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of mercury exposure. (epnet.com)
  • In 2008, the global annual number of child deaths fell to 8.8 million, down by 30% from the 12.5 million estimated in 1990. (who.int)
  • Concerted public/private efforts have been made since 1990 to prevent deaths in such events, and this study attempts to measure whether any progress has been made on that front. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies concerning specific sources of exposure relative to fetal development and pregnancy outcome have included the use of electric blankets, heated waterbeds, power lines, video display terminals, and other occupational sources. (bmj.com)
  • The association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy and a child's neurodevelopment has not been established yet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exposure to active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) causes health concern. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 100% Smoke-free environ- secondhand smoke exposure economical y viable alternatives to ments, not smoking rooms - The - The guidelines emphasise that tobacco. (who.int)
  • In many cases the main route of exposure is not obvious and needs to be investigated carefully. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2-Nitrotoluene was identified as presenting an intermediate potential for exposure of individuals in Canada and had been classified by other agencies on the basis of carcinogenicity and genotoxicity. (gc.ca)
  • Environmental exposure to lead and arsenic among children living near a glassworks. (cdc.gov)
  • 1995. Treatment guidelines for lead exposure in children. (cdc.gov)
  • 2005. Lead Exposure in Children: Prevention, Detection, and Management. (cdc.gov)
  • Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children: A Renewed Call for Primary Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Pre-and Postnatal Lead Exposure and Behavior Problems in School-Aged Children. (cdc.gov)
  • Neurological and Behavioral Consequences of Childhood Lead Exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Very Low Lead Exposures and Children's Neurodevelopment. (cdc.gov)
  • 2013. Heavy metal lead exposure, osteoporotic-like phenotype in an animal model, and depression of Wnt signaling. (cdc.gov)
  • Lead exposure remains a public health concern due to its serious adverse effects, such as cognitive and behavioral impairment: children younger than six years of age being the most vulnerable population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Costs of pollutant exposure control were partially estimated in regard to homes lead-based paint decontamination, investments aiming at reducing industrial lead emissions and removal of all lead drinking water pipes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other incidental sources of lead exposure include consumer products, notably toys, and hobbies or occupations involving lead [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Children under six years of age have the highest exposure to lead because of several factors such as greater hand dust contamination, frequent hand-to-mouth transfer and higher absorption rates than adults. (biomedcentral.com)
  • health effects except in cases of acute pesticide exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Does the Estimated Exposure Dose Exceed the Noncancer Screening Guideline? (cdc.gov)
  • This dose limit uses a 3-dB time-intensity tradeoff commonly referred to as the exchange rate or equal-energy rule: for every 3-dB increase in noise level, the allowable exposure time is reduced by half. (cdc.gov)
  • An expert panel established a job exposure matrix by categorising job types into three levels of exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields. (bmj.com)
  • Reducing only exposures above 100 μg/L B-Pb has little economic impact due to the small number of children who now exhibit such high exposure levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, for exposure modeling we feel that at this stage of development it adds a level of complexity and uncertainty that confuses rather than clarifies the true levels of exposure. (nj.gov)
  • Since 1990-1994, absolute inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality and the contribution of smoking to inequalities in total mortality have decreased in most countries among men, but increased among women. (bmj.com)
  • Risk of hearing loss from noise exposure is a complex issue. (cdc.gov)
  • Occupational noise exposure limits are established to simplify the complex question of risk and protect as many workers as possible from the effects of noise. (cdc.gov)
  • We analysed data using Cox proportional hazards models with noise exposure included as 10-year. (lu.se)
  • We analysed data using Cox proportional hazards models with noise exposure included as 10-year running means and adjusted for a number of individual and area-level socioeconomic co-variates and air pollution with fine particles estimated for all addresses. (lu.se)
  • In many cases, it is better to change people's activities in order to reduce their exposures rather than regulating a source of contaminants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Emergency and continuous exposure limits for selected airborne contaminants. (cdc.gov)
  • Consequently, the World Health Organisation (WHO) and other environmental agencies have established guidelines for air pollution for a range of contaminants (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
  • Risk is a function of exposure and hazard. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, even for an extremely toxic (high hazard) substance, the risk of an adverse outcome is unlikely if exposures are near zero. (wikipedia.org)
  • An exposure analyst can use direct or indirect measurements to determine if a person has been in contact with a specific contaminant or has been exposed to a specific risk (e.g. accident). (wikipedia.org)
  • Results: The total risk of birth defects was not associated with parental exposure. (bmj.com)
  • Power plants, including the Vermont Electric Power Company Inc. and Montpelier and Barre Light and Power Company, put countless workers at risk of exposure . (mesothelioma.com)
  • Construction workers and others who may come in contact with older construction materials are among the most at risk of exposure. (mesothelioma.com)
  • In 2003, the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) initiated the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program (BCERP) with support from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to specifically examine whether environmental exposures during the pubertal WOS affect the timing of puberty, a risk factor for breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • cide exposure and Parkinson disease risk. (cdc.gov)
  • 8] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
  • Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. (epa.gov)
  • This project was supported by contract number EP-C-09-003, TO#: 13 between the National Academy of Sciences and the US Environmental Protection Agency. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Congress then created the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to enforce compliance with this law. (onlineethics.org)
  • The subjects in the present study were participants in a follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), which was performed in Uppsala during 1990-1991 16 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Radiation exposure of air carrier crewmembers - FAA AC 120-52 [online]. (cdc.gov)
  • Following are images of burns due to radiation exposure. (medscape.com)
  • worked at gaseous diffusion plants in Paducah, Kentucky, Portsmouth, Ohio, or Oak Ridge, Tennessee for a total of at least 250 days before February 1, 1992, and were monitored for radiation exposure with dosimetry badges or had jobs with similar exposures to those monitored. (dol.gov)
  • Long-term occupational exposure to cotton dust that contains endotoxin is associated with chronic respiratory symptoms and excessive decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV 1 ), but the mechanisms of endotoxin-related chronic airflow obstruction remain unclear. (nih.gov)
  • We used a generalized estimating equations approach to model FEV 1 level and respiratory symptoms as a function of past exposure (cumulative exposure up to the start of the most recent 5-year survey interval) and cumulative exposure (within the most recent interval) to endotoxins, after adjusting for other covariates. (nih.gov)
  • Whether the excessive decline in lung function and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms are influenced differently by more recent or more remote exposure to endotoxin is unknown. (nih.gov)
  • Human responses to isocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Marine mussels are a ubiquitous and crucial component of the nearshore environment, and new genomic technologies exist to quantify molecular responses of individual mussels to stimuli, including exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (usgs.gov)
  • Recent endotoxin exposure was significantly associated with byssinosis, chronic bronchitis, and chronic cough. (nih.gov)
  • Millions of workers worldwide are exposed daily to occupational pesticide exposure, but it is largely unknown how pesticides influence airway disease pathogenesis. (bmj.com)
  • including exposure to pesticides, affects their health. (cdc.gov)
  • I will in this paper discuss how Lidman here gives a secular reading to the Christian theme of original sin, and how this reading (in line with Lidman's intent), can be used to make sense of our complex moral relation to the environmental consequences of modernity. (lu.se)
  • Exposures of the general population to 2-nitrotoluene through environmental media (air, drinking water and soil) are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
  • Based upon the information obtained on current uses of 2-nitrotoluene in Canada , exposure of the general population is expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)