1990 chromosomes plant. Medical search. Frequent questions

Across species, different sexes are often characterized by different types and numbers of sex chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Because sex chromosomes contain different numbers of genes, different species of organisms have developed different mechanisms to cope with this inequality. (wikipedia.org)
Building on work done by Ohno and his colleagues, Lyon eventually proved that either the maternal or paternal X chromosome is randomly inactivated in every cell of the female body in the species she was studying, which explained the heterogeneous fur patterns she observed in her mosaic mice. (wikipedia.org)
Polytene chromosomes are structures found in highly specialized tissues in some animal and plant species, which are amplified through successive cycles of endoreduplication, finally producing several copies of each chromosome. (scielo.br)
In plants, polytene chromosomes have been observed in only a few species, and seemed to be restricted to ovary and immature seed tissues, e.g., in Phaseolus coccineus and P. vulgaris (Nagl, 1981), until relatively recently, when they were observed in the cells of the anther tapetum of Vigna unguiculata (Guerra and Carvalheira, 1994) and of some Phaseolus species (Carvalheira and Guerra, 1994). (scielo.br)
All three species of Dicranostigma possessed chromosome number 2n=2x=12, of which chromosome numbers for Derectum and Dlactucoides are reported here for the first time. (kib.ac.cn)
But both of this species have been regarded as part of Ensete due to the shared chromosome number of Musella (2n= 18) with Ensete (Häkkinen and Väre, 2008) and the phylogenetic position of Musella sister to Ensete (Liu et al . (reading.ac.uk)
Any cytogenetic investigation regarding NOR variability, telomere sequence and genome size in the Indian species becomes the most promising field to decipher chromosome evolution against the background of species diversity and evolution, especially in the Indian subcontinent. (pensoft.net)
However, some species, especially plants and animals with holocentric chromosomes, are known to tolerate chromosomal heterozygosity even for multiple rearrangements. (frontiersin.org)
We argue that the observed process of chromosome sorting would, if continued, result in a new homozygous chromosomal race, i.e., in a new karyotype with intermediate chromosome number and, possibly, in a new incipient homoploid hybrid species. (frontiersin.org)
In agriculture, an accession is a group of related plant material from a single species collected at one time and place. (plos.org)
Diaspore size, shape, and fall behavior in wind-dispersed plant species. (bbg.org)
The Violaceae are a family of flowering plants including the violets ( Viola ) and related species. (fieldofscience.com)
In a certain plant species, some individual plants may have only white, red or pink flowers. (atikaschool.org)
Dr. Peter Wyse Jackson's Ireland's Generous Nature is the first ever comprehensive account of the historical and present-day uses of wild plant species in Ireland. (mbgpress.org)
review of plant taxa for listing as endangered or threatened species. (brit.org)

In order to neutralize the large difference in gene dosage produced by differing numbers of sex chromosomes among the sexes, various evolutionary branches have acquired various methods to equalize gene expression among the sexes. (wikipedia.org)
Different lineages have evolved different mechanisms to cope with the differences in gene copy numbers between the sexes that are observed on sex chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
One logical way to equalize gene expression amongst males and females that follow a XX/XY sex differentiation scheme would be to decrease or altogether eliminate the expression of one of the X chromosomes in an XX, or female, homogametic individual, such that both males and females then express only one X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
We show that although the nascent Y chromosome encompasses nearly half of the linkage group, there has been no perceptible degradation of Y chromosome gene content or activity. (nature.com)
The dominant theoretical model for the early stages of sex chromosome evolution 3 , 4 , 5 predicts that recombination will be selected against in the region between a sex determining gene and a nearby locus with alleles of sex-specific effect. (nature.com)
Beginning in the 1980s, many studies of human populations used the Y-chromosome gene sequences to trace paternal lineages. (asu.edu)
The approach is illustrated by isolating the chromosome of the uncultivated agent of rodent Grey Lung disease and using the purified chromosomes to amplify and directly sequence the evolutionarily conserved 16S rRNA gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The OfGT s were found to be located randomly on the 20 O. fragrans chromosomes, and an analysis of gene replication events indicated that the OfGT gene family underwent strong purification selection during the evolutionary process. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene loci on the chromosomes were known. (suntory.com)
Because this bacterium has the ability to carry its own genes into plant cells, it is used in the gene transfer of many plants. (suntory.com)
Wsm2 is the only resistance gene discovered in wheat genome and has been located in a short genomic region of its chromosome 3B. (peerj.com)
We hypothesize that the tetO gene and a phage were inserted into the chromosome after conjugation, leaving a remnant plasmid that was lost from isolates from company C. The emergence and rapid spread of a resistant clone of C. jejuni in New Zealand, coupled with evolutionary change in the accessory genome, demonstrate the need for ongoing Campylobacter surveillance among poultry and humans. (cdc.gov)

More recently, Zimmerman and Zimmerman (1990/1991) concluded that 'cannabis mutagenicity remains unclear', but argued that there was evidence that 'cannabinoids induce chromosome aberrations in both in vivo and in vitro studies' (p19). (druglibrary.org)

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the development of new microscopic and molecular techniques, including DNA sequencing, enabled scientists to confirm the hypothesis that chromosomes determine the sex of developing organisms. (asu.edu)
Isolated chromosomes from uncultivated organisms provide a specifically identifiable source material for hybridization, amplification and cloning. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The evolutionary history of organisms is inscribed in the chromosomes, the physically visible form of genome. (pensoft.net)

Thus, human females have the same number of expressed X-linked genes per cell as do human males (XY), both sexes having essentially one X chromosome per cell, from which to transcribe and express genes. (wikipedia.org)
Some lineages have evolved dosage compensation, an epigenetic mechanism which restores expression of X or Z specific genes in the heterogametic sex to the same levels observed in the ancestor prior to the evolution of the sex chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
In an adult organism, the genes on the Y-chromosome help produce the male gamete, the sperm cell. (asu.edu)
Remarkably, the transient transformation results showed lower MDA content and increased expression of ROS-related genes NbAPX in transgenic plants, which implying OfGT3/42/46 may improve the salt tolerance of tobacco. (biomedcentral.com)
There are many plants that produce blue flowers in nature, but our research team first chose a petunia exhibiting a dark violet color in order to isolate blue genes. (suntory.com)
Therefore, to reduce the time required to obtain results, we decided to introduce the candidate genes of blue genes to yeast instead of plants and test their enzymatic activities in yeast. (suntory.com)
There are several methods to introduce genes into plants. (suntory.com)
To select only cells that have received the genes after transfer and regenerate them into the plant body of roses, it is necessary to optimize plant hormones as well as kinds and concentrations of nutrients. (suntory.com)
Our OrthoMCL analysis of protein coding genes on wheat chromosome 3B and its syntenic chromosomes in rice and Brachypodium discovered 4,035 OrthoMCL groups as preliminary candidates of Wsm2 orthologs. (peerj.com)

Schlegel, R., P. D bel und W.-D. Bl thner, 1975, Das Giemsa-Bandenmuster mitotischer und meiotischer Chromosomen des Roggens ( Secale cereale L.) [Giemsa banding pattern of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Secale cereale L.]. Biol. (t-online.de)

Largest family of vascular plants in California and of eudicots globally. (berkeley.edu)
Atlas of the rare vascular plants of Ontario. (uwaterloo.ca)
1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, second edition. (brit.org)

These results provide empirical support for longstanding models of sex chromosome catalysis, and suggest an important role for sexual selection and sexual conflict in genome evolution. (nature.com)
Sequencing "the" human genome circa 1990 now seem absurdly simplistic. (plos.org)
A watermelon genome is a lot smaller than ours - about 350 million DNA base pairs, splayed across 11 chromosomes. (plos.org)
Genome variability in the somatic plant cells. (org.ua)
[1] Kunakh VA. Genome variability in plant somatic cells. (org.ua)

There is stronger and more consistent evidence that cannabis smoke, like smoke produced by most burning plant material, is mutagenic in vitro, and hence, is potentially carcinogenic (Leuchtenberger, 1983). (druglibrary.org)

Here, we studied male meiotic chromosome behavior in four hybrid generations (F1-F4) between two chromosomal races of the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis differentiated by at least 24 chromosomal fusions/fissions. (frontiersin.org)
We demonstrate that (i) F1 hybrids are highly heterozygous with nearly all chromosomes participating in the formation of trivalents at the first meiotic division, and (ii) that from F1 to F4 the number of trivalents decreases and the number of bivalents increases. (frontiersin.org)
M. Molnár-Láng, C. Novotny, G. Linc and E. D. Nagy, "Changes in the Meiotic Pairing Behaviour of a Winter Wheat-Winter Barley Hybrid Maintained for a Long Term in Tissue Culture, and Tracing the Barley Chromatin in the Progenies Using GISH and SSR Markers," Plant Breeding, Vol. 124, No. 3, 2005, pp. 247-252. (scirp.org)

this is called X-inactivation), a two-fold increase in the transcription of a single male X chromosome (as observed in Drosophila melanogaster), and decreased transcription by half in both of the X chromosomes of a hermaphroditic organism (as observed in Caenorhabditis elegans). (wikipedia.org)
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
has been identified as the 2nd most consensus (ERIC) sequences which · 60 environmental samples were tak- frequent organism causing ventilator- are common to Gram-negative enteric en throughout the ICU, including associated pneumonia, the 4th most bacteria [11,12]. (who.int)

Using replicate wild populations with differing levels of sexually antagonistic selection for colour, we also show that sexual selection leads to greater expansion of the non-recombining region and increased Y chromosome divergence. (nature.com)
The availability of purified chromosomes for DNA amplification should aid in examining the diversity of microbial populations and should also reduce the possibility of forming hybrid DNA artifact molecules. (microbiologyresearch.org)

1985) described polytene chromosomes as giant chromosomes produced by changes in the mitotic cycle during the interphase stage. (scielo.br)

Thus, Ohno described the "n-1" rule to predict the number of Barr bodies in a female with n number of X chromosomes in her karyotype. (wikipedia.org)

Therefore, in this system, current models of sex chromosome evolution predict that recombination would be selected against between the sex determining locus and linked loci involved in colouration. (nature.com)
This process would shrink the pseudoautosomal region in favour of expanding X- and Y-specific regions, creating a male supergene on the Y chromosome containing multiple colouration loci and thereby resolving sexually antagonistic selection. (nature.com)

In 1990, the United States Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act, or the ADA, which prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities by employers, governments, or public accommodations. (asu.edu)

Even though the guppy sex chromosomes are a classic model for the study of sexual conflict and sex chromosome divergence, little is actually known about the pattern of divergence between the X and Y chromosomes. (nature.com)

Chromosome behavior in Catalpa hybrida Spaeth. (bbg.org)

Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora. (fieldofscience.com)
2019. Flora of the West Indies: Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. (brit.org)

Then, in 1959 Susumu Ohno proved that these satellite-like structures found exclusively in female cells were actually derived from female X chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
The common feature of trihelix TFs in plants is that the DNA-binding domain contains three helical structures (helix-loop-helix-loop-helix). (biomedcentral.com)
Otto Bütschli was the first scientist to recognize the structures now known as chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)

Although we have a detailed understanding of the evolutionary consequences of the loss of recombination for sex chromosome evolution 1 , 2 , we still do not understand the evolutionary forces acting to halt recombination in the first place. (nature.com)

He holds a degree in botany and a PhD from Trinity College Dublin and has published widely on Irish botany, botanic gardens and plant conservation. (mbgpress.org)

Kress (1990), in his revision of Zingiberales cited A.L. Jussieu Genera Plantarum 1789 for the Musaceae authorship. (reading.ac.uk)

Sex chromosomes evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes. (nature.com)
The dominant model of sex chromosome evolution posits that recombination is suppressed between emerging X and Y chromosomes in order to resolve sexual conflict. (nature.com)
Sex chromosomes are typically thought to evolve as recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes in one sex. (nature.com)

During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)

F. equiseti is also employed in plant insect control [6-7], benzopyrene degradation, and heavy metal pollution abatement [8]. (researchsquare.com)

2014. Endemic seed plants in the Bahamian Archipelago. (brit.org)

L. V. Kochian, "Cellular Mechanism of Aluminium Toxicity and Resistance in Plants," Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 46, 1995, pp. 237-260. (scirp.org)

[16] Kallak H, J?rvek?lg L. Changes in chromosome complement in long-term pea callus cultures. (org.ua)
We find that host plant and soil microbes complement P. sojae's auxotrophy for thiamine. (bvsalud.org)

For this reason, they have been very important in elucidating chromosome fine structure and physiology, especially in diptera. (scielo.br)
Plant Physiology. (rothamsted.ac.uk)

[4] Kunakh VA. Cytogenetic behaviour of tissue culture of Haplopappus Culture of isolated organs, tissues and cells of plants M.: Nauka, 1970:155-8. (org.ua)
[17] Kallak H, Jarvekulg JL, Vapper M. Plant tissue culture as a convenient model studying various cytogenetic problems. (org.ua)

Ohno's studies of Barr bodies in female mammals with multiple X chromosomes revealed that such females used Barr bodies to inactivate all but one of their X chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
The Y-chromosome is one of a pair of chromosomes that determine the genetic sex of individuals in mammals, some insects, and some plants. (asu.edu)

Our results elucidated the multiple roles of PsCRN108 in the suppression of plant immunity, and revealed a new mechanism by which CRN effector hijacked transcription factors to affect immunity. (bvsalud.org)

Thanks to the rapid advancement of plant biotechnologies in the 1980s, it was expected that blue roses could be developed with these technologies. (suntory.com)

For example, in humans, female (XX) cells randomly silence the transcription of one X chromosome, and transcribe all information from the other, expressed X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)

The code produces genetic information for proteins to do their work making cells to form a plant, frog, turtle, human or any living system. (creationstudies.org)
This lively and scholarly book shows how plants have been used in virtually every aspect of human life in Ireland: food, clothes, medicine, construction, drinks, veterinary medicine, human health and beauty, and even death. (mbgpress.org)

[4] Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase ), and both copies are joined by a centromere , resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. (wikipedia.org)

Their report appears in Plant Biotechnology Journal . (plos.org)
Plant Biotechnology Journal. (rothamsted.ac.uk)

1981. Chromosome numbers of goldenrods, Euthamia and Solidago , (Compositae-Astereae) Canad. (uwaterloo.ca)

Cytology of Dicranostigma and Glaucium (Papaveraceae) from China[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(06): 721-726. (kib.ac.cn)
It attempts to capture the diversity of a particular plant population. (plos.org)

The trihelix transcription factor (TF) family, as one of the earliest discovered TF families in plants, plays an essential part in responses to different abiotic stresses, and it has potential functions in improving the salt-tolerance capability of O. fragrans . (biomedcentral.com)

tibeticum (J. Murata) Gusman & L. Gusman.Plants monoecious and male. (genobank.org)

Simultaneously, Mary F. Lyon began investigating manipulations of X-linked traits that had phenotypically visible consequences, particularly in mice, whose fur color is a trait intimately linked to the X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
The sex chromosomes of the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ) have been of interest for more than a century, following early reports that many sexually selected colour traits are passed through the patriline on the Y chromosome 8 , 9 . (nature.com)

Fusarium equiseti is a plant pathogen with a wide range of hosts and diverse effects, including probiotic activity. (researchsquare.com)
Conversely, F. equiseti itself also acts as a plant pathogen with a broad host range and produces various toxins. (researchsquare.com)
Co-delivery of dsRNA and an elicitor provides a protective effect via the two aspects of pathogen inhibition and elevated plant defense mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)

The control of leaf morphology and the tolerance of shade by woody plants. (bbg.org)
WSMV-infected wheat plants develop yellow leaf streaks during early infection and the symptom could spread to the entire leaf if the virus is not effectively controlled. (peerj.com)

Flowering seasons of Australian plants. (fieldofscience.com)
No. I-List of plants indigenous in the neighbourhood of Sydney, flowering during July. (fieldofscience.com)
Flowering plants of Jamaica. (brit.org)

The endomitotic cycle (endomitosis) starts with a normal prophase (endoprophase), after which the chromosome contracts further (endometaphase), their sister chromatids separate from each other (endoanaphase) and decondense to assume the interphase nuclear structure, resulting in polyploid cells, with double the chromosome number (endopolyploidy) at the end of each cycle. (scielo.br)

Unlike other plant pathogens, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is poorly taken up by P. infestans, which is a key obstacle in using dsRNA for disease control. (bvsalud.org)

[5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)
Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)

There is, at most, mixed evidence that THC and other cannabinoids are mutagenic in standard microbial assays, such as the Ames test, and there is contradictory evidence on whether the cannabinoids are clastogenic, i.e. produce breaks in chromosomes. (druglibrary.org)
As a probiotic, it can produce many metabolites beneficial to plants or humans. (researchsquare.com)

E. Darko, B. Barnabás and M. Molnár-Láng, "Characterization of Newly Developed Wheat/Barley Introgression Lines in Respect of Aluminium Tolerance," American Journal of Plant Sciences , Vol. 3 No. 10, 2012, pp. 1462-1469. (scirp.org)
I. Molnár, G. Linc, S. Dulai, E. D. Nagy and M. Molnár-Láng, "Ability of Chromosome 4H to Compensate for 4D in Response to Drought Stress in a Newly Developed and Identified Wheat-Barley 4H(4D) Disomic Subsitutiton Line," Plant Breeding, Vol. 126, No. 4, 2007, pp. 369-374. (scirp.org)

Anatomy73

Organisms19

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes158

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture9

Information Science4

Health Care3

Species16

Gene12

Aberrations1

Organisms3

Genes9

Biol1

Vascular Plants3

Genome5

19831

Meiotic3

Organism3

Populations2

19851

Karyotype1

Loci2

United States C1

Divergence1

Behavior1

Flora2

Structures3

Evolutionary1

Botany1

Genera1

Recombination3

Distinguish1

Degradation1

Endemic1

19951

Complement2

Physiology2

Cytogenetic2

Mammals2

Suppression1

1980s1

Randomly1

Human2

Copies1

Biotechnology Journal2

Numbers1

Diversity2

Earliest1

Male1

Traits2

Pathogen3

Leaf2

Flowering3

Sister1

Disease1

Cells2

Produce2

Wheat2