• 1991. Genetic activity of the human carcinogen sulphur mustard towards salmonella and the mouse bone marrow. (cdc.gov)
  • This decrease reflects the impact of bans on the use of offal in cattle feed in 1989 and 1991. (who.int)
  • The location of Evi-1 is distinct from these three loci and from all other proto-oncogenes, common sites of viral integration, or growth factor loci previously mapped in mouse chromosomes. (jax.org)
  • Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping locates and estimates the effect of genetic loci that regulate quantitative traits. (jax.org)
  • Genetic correlations between loci on different chromosomes can be high and can generate false positive linkage. (nervenet.org)
  • Recombinant inbred (RI) strains have been used to map a wide range of Mendelian loci and quantitative traits (Taylor, 1989). (nervenet.org)
  • Following his graduation from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1989, he worked for two years at the Hospital for S ick Children in Toronto, Canada, two more years at Michigan State University, USA, before working for thirteen years with ILRI in Nairobi, Kenya on mapping genes associated with host susceptibility to trypanosomiasis, gastrointestinal nematodes and malaria in target species and a mouse model. (escmid.org)
  • Using the inbred mouse as a model organism, QTL mapping has become a very important tool for finding the genes that regulate complex human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, asthma and hypertension. (jax.org)
  • Because of cross-species concordance, QTL and their underlying candidate genes can first be identified, cost-effectively, in mice and then the genes can be tested relatively easily in humans and verified in mice. (jax.org)
  • Data from these define genetic and non-genetic variation, define a measure of heritability for expression of individual genes, and provide the basis for a new method of data reduction for genetical genomics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Humans share many genes with mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic analysis has uncovered that genes necessary for epithelial polarity code for cytoskeletal proteins and their regulators, like the par-3 protein Bazooka ( Kuchinke, Grawe & Knust, 1998 ) or the EGF and laminin domains-containing protein Crumbs ( Tepass, Theres & Knust, 1990 ). (peerj.com)
  • Characterization of genes expressed early in mouse spermatogenesis, isolated from a subtractive cDNA library. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Exclusion of two candidate genes, Spnb-2 and Dcd, for the wobbler spinal muscular atrophy gene on proximal mouse chromosome 11. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • We therefore screened individuals who had been found to bear variants in a non-expansion SCA-associated gene through genetic testing, and after we eliminated genetic groups that had fewer than 30 subjects, there were 756 subjects bearing single-nucleotide variants or deletions in one of seven genes: CACNA1A (239 subjects), PRKCG (175), AFG3L2 (101), ITPR1 (91), STUB1 (77), SPTBN2 (39), or KCNC3 (34). (bvsalud.org)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • The neurovirulence for mice and derivation of the genomic RNA segments were determined for the reassortants. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The age-adjusted incidence of such diseases, which is largely affected by environmental factors, accounts for the longer life span of H, as compared with L, mouse populations. (santafe.edu)
  • Many herpetologists feel that this is unfortunate, especially since escaped or intentionally liberated individuals-a common occurrence-may threaten native populations by introducing harmful genetic material that has been artificially selected by captive breeding. (ncpedia.org)
  • Kerbusch' specialism was the application of quantitative-genetic methods, especially diallel crosses and Mendelian crosses, to the analysis of behavior. (wikipedia.org)
  • The steady-state abundance of an RNA species in an organ is, in part, genetically controlled and can be considered a quantitative genetic trait. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome scan for trabecular bone density, from a cross between strains C57BL/6J and C3H. (jax.org)
  • The induction of transplantation tolerance to H-2b alloantigens in BALB/c (H-2d) mice by neonatal injection of (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 spleen cells, produces an autoimmune lupus-like syndrome due to an activation of persisting F1 donor B cells. (unige.ch)
  • The role of host T cells in this model was investigated by using athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice as recipients of normal (C57BL/6 x BALB.Igb)F1 spleen cells. (unige.ch)
  • Genetic transfer of the wobbler gene to a C57BL/6J x NZB hybrid stock: natural history of the motor neuron disease and response to CNTF and BDNF cotreatment. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Aspects of the technology for generating knockout mice, and the mice themselves have been patented in many countries by private companies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, observing the characteristics of knockout mice gives researchers information that can be used to better understand how a similar gene may cause or contribute to disease in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples of research in which knockout mice have been useful include studying and modeling different kinds of cancer , obesity , heart disease , diabetes , arthritis , substance abuse , anxiety , aging and Parkinson's disease . (wikipedia.org)
  • Knockout mice also offer a biological and scientific context in which drugs and other therapies can be developed and tested. (wikipedia.org)
  • Millions of knockout mice are used in experiments each year. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several thousand different strains of knockout mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Breeding scheme for producing knockout mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • FTO gene was universally expressed in human and mice tissues, including adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In addition, the expression of FTO gene was reduced in adipocytes from db / db mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A knockout mouse , or knock-out mouse , is a genetically modified mouse ( Mus musculus ) in which researchers have inactivated, or " knocked out ", an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial piece of DNA . (wikipedia.org)
  • By causing a specific gene to be inactive in the mouse, and observing any differences from normal behaviour or physiology, researchers can infer its probable function. (wikipedia.org)
  • A laboratory mouse in which a gene affecting hair growth has been knocked out (left) is shown next to a normal lab mouse. (wikipedia.org)
  • [3] Many mouse models are named after the gene that has been inactivated. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the p53 knockout mouse is named after the p53 gene which codes for a protein that normally suppresses the growth of tumours by arresting cell division and/or inducing apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • White heterozygous mice can subsequently be crossed to produce mice that are homozygous for the knocked out gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene to be knocked out is isolated from a mouse gene library . (wikipedia.org)
  • Usually, the new sequence is also given a marker gene , a gene that normal mice don't have and that confers resistance to a certain toxic agent (e.g., neomycin) or that produces an observable change (e.g. colour or fluorescence). (wikipedia.org)
  • Spinal muscular atrophy gene wobbler of the mouse: evidence from chimeric spinal cord and testis for cell-autonomous function. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Meis1, a PBX1-related homeobox gene involved in myeloid leukemia in BXH-2 mice. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • She and co-researchers found significant concordance among mouse, human and rat hypertension QTL, 4 between mouse and human HDL cholesterol QTL, 6 between rat and human kidney disease QTL, 7 between mouse and human atherosclerosis QTL, 8 and among various species for osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, type II diabetes and asthma QTL. (jax.org)
  • Mice are currently the laboratory animal species most closely related to humans for which the knockout technique can easily be applied. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human INT1 has been found to be very similar to mouse INT1, thus most revealing the highly conserved nature of this pathway across species [3]. (chemdiv.com)
  • What were initially thought of as subspecies of corn snakes found west of the Mississippi are now considered separate species of snakes, based on genetic research. (ncpedia.org)
  • Genetic ablation of visceral sensory trajectories results in the erratic extension of both sympathetic and parasympathetic axons, implicating that afferent axons provide an axonal scaffold to route efferent axons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Whereas inhibition of p38/MAPK did not result in improved neutrophil defense, pharmacological blockade of the phagocyte oxidase (PHOX) or its genetic ablation mimicked the impaired antimicrobial activity detected under high salt conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, T el-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel, in recognition of his excellent abstract submitted for presentation at the 21st ECCMID / 27th ICC 2011.He will give a short oral presentation titled 'The collaborative cross mouse genetic reference population as novel tool for dissecting host susceptibility to infectious diseases' at the Sepsis Forum on Saturday, 7 May 2011. (escmid.org)
  • In these "tolerized" BALB/c nu/nu mice, there was a persistence of F1 donor B cells but none of the autoimmune features were expressed, conversely to tolerized BALB/c nu/+ littermates. (unige.ch)
  • The injection of CD4+CD8- T lymphocytes from adult normal BALB/c mice in 3-wk-old tolerized BALB/c nu/nu mice triggered the appearance of all the autoimmune findings observed in euthymic tolerant mice. (unige.ch)
  • More strikingly, a similar triggering of the autoimmune syndrome, including high titers of anti-DNA IgG antibodies and circulating immune complexes, was observed after injection of CD4+CD8- T cells from 2-wk-old tolerant BALB/c mice into "tolerized" BALB/c nu/nu mice. (unige.ch)
  • Kumar V, Rakha A, Saroa R, Bagai U (2015) CD4+T Cells Expansion in P. berghei (NK-65) Infected and Immunized BALB/C Mice. (omicsonline.org)
  • Experiments with B cell deficient mice have demonstrated that B cells and antibodies are essential for complete clearance of parasites from blood of the host [2]. (omicsonline.org)
  • Here, we mapped extrinsic innervation of the gut and explored the relationships among various types of extrinsic axons during embryonic development in mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, with characterized intrinsic markers targeting vagal sensory, spinal sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons, respectively, we comprehensively traced the spatiotemporal development of extrinsic axons to the gut during embryonic development in mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells are isolated from a mouse blastocyst (a very young embryo ) and grown in vitro . (wikipedia.org)
  • While the mode of induction of tumours has not been fully elucidated, based on the genotoxicity of 2-nitrotoluene, the tumours observed in the experimental animals are considered to have resulted from direct interaction with genetic material. (gc.ca)
  • This study thus demonstrates the potential of UKiS, which is a beneficial platform for the efficient development of cell models not only for polyQ diseases but also for any other genetic diseases, which may accelerate our deeper understanding of disease mechanisms and cell-based screening for therapeutic drugs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human ecology and infectious diseases / edited by Neil A. Croll, John H. Cross. (who.int)
  • Kemp S.J., Teale A.J., Genetic basis of trypanotolerance in cattle and mice, Parasitol. (gse-journal.org)
  • The MPDt systematically characterizes biochemical and behavioral phenotypes of 40 commonly used and genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. (jax.org)
  • 2000). The main advantage in this context is that the complex genetic and epigenetic correlations among interconnected parts of the brain can be explored using complementary molecular, developmental, structural, pharmacological, and behavioral techniques. (nervenet.org)
  • Recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice are an important resource used to map and analyze complex traits. (nervenet.org)
  • They offer compelling advantages for mapping complex genetic traits, particularly those that have low heritabilities. (nervenet.org)
  • The phenotype of the L1 mutant mouse indicates that it is a potentially valuable model for the human CRASH syndrome. (jneurosci.org)
  • Enlarged ventricles and septal abnormalities were also features of the mutant mouse brain. (jneurosci.org)
  • Loss of DNA on chromosome 22 has been shown in 40% of meningiomas, and, in cytogenetic studies, genetic abnormalities at the level of chromosome 22 are seen frequently in meningiomas with loss of a copy of chromosome 22 as the most commonly reported abnormality. (medscape.com)
  • Even though the sample used is limited in its scope, we hope that this epidemiological study can serve as the basis for future cross-cultural comparisons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in the Cukurova University Faculty of Education Approval of the Ethics Committee of Cukurova University was obtained. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, RI strains have also been used to map QTLs that that are responsible for biometric variation in the architecture of the mouse CNS (Belknap et al. (nervenet.org)
  • His current research interests focus on natural genetic variation and evolutionary genomics of plants. (elifesciences.org)
  • Tumour the fetus via the maternal circulation utero, but when the reactive metab multiplicity rises to a maximum in must have crossed the placenta, and olites formed in maternal tissues are offspring exposed at approximate consequently are generally referred too unstable to circulate in the mater ly 21 days of gestation, a few days to as transplacental carcinogens. (who.int)
  • which may render the genetic mate doses of NDMA is the kidney, but a Transplacental carcinogenesis rial of fetal cells highly accessible to much lower incidence of tumours is stu dies with ENU in nonhuman pri carcinogens. (who.int)
  • The type A GABA receptors are pentameric chloride channels assembled from among many genetic variants of GABA(A) subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • PPAR agonists: I. Role of receptor subunits in alcohol consumption in male and female mice. (adicciones.es)
  • 1989. Decision guide for identifying substance- specific data needs related to toxicological profiles: Notice. (cdc.gov)
  • No deaths were observed when diethyl phthalate was incorporated into the diet of mice for 2 weeks at doses of up to 6,500 mg/kg/day. (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic control of resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi in inbred mice / by Ruth Anna Wrightsman. (who.int)
  • Precise extrinsic afferent (visceral sensory) and efferent (sympathetic and parasympathetic) innervation of the gut is fundamental for gut-brain cross talk. (jneurosci.org)
  • The increased role of QTL mapping and favored status of the inbred mouse in that role, are due to the improvement and development of genetic research tools (many of them pioneered by The Jackson Laboratory) to manipulate the mouse genome. (jax.org)
  • In addition, powerful databases like the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) database, the JAX® Mice database and the Mouse Phenome Database - all maintained at The Jackson Laboratory - are constantly improving to facilitate QTL mapping in the mouse. (jax.org)
  • OBJECTIVE- To examine the longitudinal association of fat mass-and obesity-associated ( FTO ) variant with obesity, circulating adipokine levels, and FTO expression in various materials from human and mouse. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • They are widely used in knockout experiments, especially those investigating genetic questions that relate to human physiology . (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic analysis of exploratory behaviour, simple learning behaviour and cerebral AChE and ChE activities in mice by means of the diallel method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Note to the Reader Please cite this work as: Williams RW, Gu J, Qi S, Lu L (2001) The genetic structure of recombinant inbred mice: High-resolution consensus maps for complex trait analysis. (nervenet.org)
  • Recently, we demonstrated that recombinant Cry1Ac protoxin (pCry1Ac) administered to mice by the intraperitoneal ( ip ) or intragastric ( ig ) route induces systemic and mucosal antibody responses similar to those obtained with cholera toxin (6). (scielo.br)
  • In an ancillary study of adipocytes from db / db mice, FTO expression was ∼50% lower than in those from wild-type mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This is the result of a cat body type genetic mutation affecting the tail development, similar to that of a Manx cat. (furrycritter.com)
  • The breed is not related to the Japanese Bobtail despite the similar name and physical type, the breeding programs are entirely unrelated, and the genetic mutation causing the bobbed tail are known to be different because the mutation causing the American Bobtail's tail is dominant, whereas the Japanese Bobtail tail mutation is recessive. (furrycritter.com)
  • In addition he is working on a project for identifying the host genetic factors influencing immune response cell lineages in peripheral blood in the naive population, aiming to using this information in a predictive genetics approach. (escmid.org)
  • Inheritance of immune responsiveness, life span, and disease incidence in interline crosses of mice selected for high or low multispecific antibody production. (santafe.edu)
  • The present paper describes important features of the immune response induced by the Cry1Ac protein from Bacillus thuringiensis in mice. (scielo.br)
  • host factors i.e., genetic differences in immune-signalling or senescence, and (iii. (smw.ch)
  • These results imply that CD4+ T cells from the tolerant mice are necessary for the activation of autoreactive F1 B cells and for the development of the autoimmune syndrome occurring in this model. (unige.ch)
  • We have investigated the role of the alternative-splicing factor Sfrs1, an arginine/serine-rich (SR)protein family member, during mouse retinal development. (biologists.com)
  • A narrative bibliographic review article was done with the search of original and review articles in international scientific mentales en adultos journals, in English and Spanish listing the relationship between the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the development of mental disorders in the adult population. (bvsalud.org)
  • The corpus callosum of L1-minus mice was reduced in size because of the failure of many callosal axons to cross the midline. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using a synergistic analytical approach, it was possible to trace the effect that changes in the remodelling regime have on the bone mineral chemistry and structure in normal and mineral-deficient (hypophosphatemic) mice. (iucr.org)
  • The results indicate that hypophosphatemic mice have increased bone remodelling, increased carbonate content and decreased crystallinity of the bone mineral, as well as increased misalignment of crystallites within the bone tissue. (iucr.org)
  • Chiu C, Wrammert J, Li GM, McCausland M, Wilson PC, Ahmed R. Cross-reactive humoral responses to influenza and their implications for a universal vaccine. (smw.ch)
  • [ 7 , 8 ] The recognition that DS is associated with trisomy 21 helped in understanding the genetic basis of this association. (medscape.com)
  • For this example, we will take stem cells from a white mouse. (wikipedia.org)
  • The correct diagnosis of a cleft anomaly is fundamental for treatment, for further genetic and etiopathologic studies, and for preventive measures correctly targeting the category of preventable orofacial clefts. (medscape.com)
  • In the motor, somatosensory, and visual cortex, many pyramidal neurons in layer V exhibited undulating apical dendrites that did not reach layer I. The hippocampus of L1 mutant mice was smaller than normal, with fewer pyramidal and granule cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • That similarity has become all the more evident in the past 15 years as comparative genomics has demonstrated that the location of mouse and other model animal QTL can predict the location of homologous QTL in humans. (jax.org)