• Although the biological oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds competes with abiotic chemical reactions (e.g. the iron-mediated oxidation of sulfide to iron sulfide (FeS) or pyrite (FeS2)), thermodynamic and kinetic considerations suggest that biological oxidation far exceeds the chemical oxidation of sulfide in most environments. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1982. Biogenic sulfur compounds and the global sulfur cycle. (cdc.gov)
  • The fifth environmental action programme emission reduction targets for 2000 will be achieved for sulphur dioxide, but are unlikely to be met for nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). (europa.eu)
  • Alternatively, compounds of trace elements like sulfur may color the clouds. (nasa.gov)
  • Along with the discovery of DBDS as the principle cause of the corrosive sulfur phenomenon (July 2005), Sea Marconi also studied the corrosive action of both the sulfur compounds that are normally found in oil, and degradation by product additives. (seamarconi.com)
  • Per a DTSC report, 'The facility began producing sulfur-cutting oil from waste diesel, bunker oil and jet fuel by reprocessing the waste oil and adding sulfur compounds and acids as additives. (scvhistory.com)
  • The trouble, according to a DTSC report, is that 'animal fat-based oil, petroleum-based oil and associated compounds, sulfur compounds and acids were suspected to have been released to the site soils. (scvhistory.com)
  • For the sustainable development of maritime transport, International Maritime Organization stipulates that the sulfur content of ship emissions will reach 0.5 from 2020. (techscience.com)
  • Marine transportation is one of the major contributors of Sulphur dioxide emissions in the world [ 1 , 2 ]. (techscience.com)
  • Increased Sulphur dioxide emissions from the burning of HSFO by marine machinery have a major impact on ecosystems, climate and human health [ 3 ]. (techscience.com)
  • It has caused concerns from various stakeholders in the maritime industry, including governments, international organizations, ports, shipowners, environmental professionals and others take effective actions to reduce emissions of Sulphur dioxide from ships. (techscience.com)
  • In October 2008, the Marine Environment Protection Committee adopted amendment of MARPOL Annex VI, which aims is to further reduce Sulphur emissions from ships. (techscience.com)
  • The proposed EU and national 2010 targets for sulphur dioxide appear achievable, but reaching those for nitrogen oxide, ammonia and VOC emissions will require substantial further reductions and additional policies and measures in most Member States. (europa.eu)
  • Hence, while wet deposition has responded approximately linearly with the decline in UK emissions of sulphur dioxide, dry deposition has declined at twice the rate of decline in UK emissions. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • Well constrained volcanic emissions inventories in chemistry transport models are necessary to study the impacts induced by these sources on the tropospheric sulfur composition and on sulfur species concentrations and depositions at the surface. (copernicus.org)
  • In this paper, the changes induced by the update of the volcanic sulfur emissions inventory are studied using the global chemistry transport model MOCAGE (MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Échelle). (copernicus.org)
  • We chose to analyze the year 2013, for which only a negligible amount of eruptive volcanic SO 2 emissions is reported, allowing us to focus the study on the impact of passive degassing emissions on the tropospheric sulfur budget. (copernicus.org)
  • Even though volcanic SO 2 emissions represent 15 % of the total annual sulfur emissions, the volcanic contribution to the tropospheric sulfate aerosol burden is 25 %, which is due to the higher altitude of emissions from volcanoes. (copernicus.org)
  • Moreover, a sensitivity study on passive degassing emissions, using the annual uncertainties of emissions per volcano, also confirmed the nonlinear link between tropospheric sulfur species content with respect to volcanic SO 2 emissions. (copernicus.org)
  • Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, 2008-2013. (usgs.gov)
  • Elias T, Sutton AJ (2002) Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i, an update: 1998-2001. (springer.com)
  • Several site inspections were conducted by regulatory agencies between 1979 [and] 1985, and violations were noted. (scvhistory.com)
  • The 1977 public hearings on the development of control technology for exposure to sulfur-dioxide (7446095) in the primary nonferrous metals industry are reviewed. (cdc.gov)
  • The solubility of iron in soils is largely governed by iron (III) oxides whereas redox, soil pH and hydroxide formation, complexation with fluoride, phosphate and sulfate are modifying factors (Lindsay, 1979). (europa.eu)
  • Organic matter in soils is stabilised by sorption to iron (hydr)oxides suggesting that iron phases serve as sink for organic carbon involved in its long-term storage and contribute to the global cycles of carbon, oxygen and sulfur. (europa.eu)
  • Big coal gave Sulphur Springs in Texas free land. (texastribune.org)
  • Sulphur Springs leaders say they want Luminant - Texas' largest electricity generator - to leave in place a 120-foot-tall mound of excavated dirt at the site of a shuttered coal mine so they can build an amphitheater. (texastribune.org)
  • However, the sulphur present in coal delimits its application in several sectors. (researchgate.net)
  • Recently, various techniques have emerged for sulphur removal from coal. (researchgate.net)
  • The microbial oxidation of sulfur is an important link in the biogeochemical cycling of sulfur in environments hosting both abundant reduced sulfur species and low concentrations of oxygen, such as marine sediments, oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and hydrothermal systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given that the maximal concentrations of oxygen, nitrate and sulfide are usually separated in depth profiles, many SOM cannot directly access their hydrogen or electron sources (reduced sulfur species) and energy sources (O2 or nitrate) at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Long term data sets of sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentrations at two sites have been analysed and dry deposition determined using a resistance model. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • emission from ship exhaust, sets a global upper limit for Sulphur content in fuel, and sets a Sulphur emission control area. (techscience.com)
  • This paper describes how observations of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) degassing rates (obtained in situ), thermal emission rates (obtained from infrared satellite data), and semiquantitative flow field observations can be used to elucidate the partitioning of lava between the surface and tube systems at Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i, over a decadal timescale. (springer.com)
  • Two follow up surveys were conducted on September 27 and October 21, 1979 and a malfunctioning refrigerator was tested for sulfur-dioxide (7446095) leakage. (cdc.gov)
  • 2016 , 2017 ) , significant differences appear in the global sulfur budget, mainly in the free troposphere and in the tropics. (copernicus.org)
  • Anaerobic sulfur oxidizers include photolithoautotrophs that obtain their energy from sunlight, hydrogen from sulfide, and carbon from carbon dioxide (CO2). (wikipedia.org)
  • The SOM may play an important yet unconsidered role in carbon sequestration, since some models and experiments with Gammaproteobacteria have suggested that sulfur-dependent carbon fixation in marine sediments could be responsible for almost half of total dark carbon fixation in the oceans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Air samples were analyzed for formaldehyde (50000), carbon-monoxide (630080), oxides of nitrogen (NO2/NO), ozone (10028156), nitrogen- dioxide (10102440) (NO2), and phosgene (75445) at the Historic Atlanta Local Development Company (HALDC) (SIC-8911), Atlanta, Georgia on August 17, 1979. (cdc.gov)
  • A class of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics, structurally similar to penicillins, with the substitution of a carbon atom ( carba -) for a sulfur atom ( Figure ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although the implementation of the IMO 2020 regulation will have some challenges, IMO and the governments of Member States have taken various measures to ensure the smooth implementation of the regulations, new technology such as satellite remote sensing will be used to verify whether the ship is using low Sulphur fuel during navigation, not just at the port [ 6 ]. (techscience.com)
  • He is the author of numerous books of poetry, including Codes Appearing: Poems 1979-1988 (New Directions, 2001), The Promises of Glass (2000), Notes for Echo Lake (1981), The Circular Gates (1974), and Blake's Newton (1972). (jacketmagazine.com)
  • Most of the sulfur oxidizers are autotrophs that can use reduced sulfur species as electron donors for CO2 fixation. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are known as 'gradient organisms' that are indicative of hypoxic (low oxygen) and sulfidic (rich in reduced sulfur species) conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study highlights the need for accurate estimates of volcanic sources in chemistry transport models in order to properly simulate tropospheric sulfur species. (copernicus.org)
  • Among them, sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 ) is a pollutant species known to affect both human health and the environment. (copernicus.org)
  • And the power-generating giant has been locked in a standoff with state regulators over its proposed restoration strategy, which - if the company gets its way - would allow it to leave toxic contaminants beneath a portion of Sulphur Springs' future dream park. (texastribune.org)
  • The bee die off may have something to do with sulfur-based fungicides used on crops . (knowledgeofhealth.com)
  • SULPHUR SPRINGS - On a cold afternoon in January, Marc Maxwell strode across the historic town square in this East Texas town, pointing to all the new restaurants, bars and boutiques on its periphery. (texastribune.org)
  • Maxwell, a jovial public servant who has been Sulphur Springs' city manager for more than two decades, explained how the city had turned tired streets into brick-paved roads that wrap around the main square, converted a parking lot into a proper plaza and installed a row of electric car chargers near the police station. (texastribune.org)
  • Sulfur oxidizing microorganisms (SOM) are thus restricted to upper sediment layers in these environments, where oxygen and nitrateschm are available. (wikipedia.org)
  • They internally store large amounts of nitrate and elemental sulfur to overcome the spatial gap between oxygen and sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is called electrogenic sulfur oxidation (e-SOx), and involves the formation of multicellular bridges that connect the oxidation of sulfide in anoxic sediment layers with the reduction of oxygen or nitrate in oxic surface sediments, generating electric currents over centimeter distances. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft fl ew through the Jovian system in March and July 1979, the Plasma Science instruments measured ions and electrons in the Io plasma torus and plasma sheet between 4.9 and 42 R J . The dominant ions in the Jovian magnetosphere comprise the fi rst few ionization states of atomic sulfur and oxygen. (mit.edu)
  • Smith, R.I. . 1995 Trends in wet and dry deposition of sulphur in the United Kingdom. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • CSAs involve mutations in 1 of 3 mitochondrial pathways: heme synthesis, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Notably, in terms of structural effects on the reactivity and stability of sulfur ylide-like intermediates, 2-pyridyl substituted compound 7a exhibited superior properties over those of others. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • The proposed Directive uses a similar approach as the Second Sulphur Protocol, but extends it to include reduction in exceedance of critical limit values for ozone for human health and ecosystems. (europa.eu)
  • The stability of sulfonium ylides is determined by the electron delocalization of the carbanionic center and the substituents on the sulfur atom [10] . (beilstein-journals.org)
  • An indication of the trends in sulphur dry deposition is provided by data from Eskdalemuir, a site in southern Scotland where wet deposition and SO2 concentration have been measured since 1979. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • The study revealed that a maximum desulphurization of 44.6% was achieved in shake-flask experiment using S80 concentration of 2% v/v. In the scale up bioreactor studies, 49.2% and 51.2% sulphur removal was achieved in 1L and 10L bioreactors respectively. (researchgate.net)
  • Histologically, mycetoma is often granulomatous and fibrosing and is the only clinical form of nocardiosis regularly associated with sulfur granules. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, a pronounced isotope shift of T c in sulfur deuteride is suggestive of an electron-phonon mechanism of superconductivity that is consistent with the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer scenario. (nature.com)
  • The mechanism for this reaction is based on the formation of a sulfur ylide-like intermediate. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • However, the general contribution of microorganisms to total sulfur oxidation in marine sediments is still unknown. (wikipedia.org)
  • Considering that these organisms have a very narrow range of habitats, as explained below, a major fraction of sulfur oxidation in many marine sediments may be accounted for by these groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, a series of corresponding methods should be properly undertaken by shipowners to reduce Sulphur content as early as possible to deal with these regulations and strict enforcement guarantees. (techscience.com)
  • Besides, they may have been critical for the evolution of eukaryotic organisms, given that sulfur metabolism could have driven the formation of the symbiotic associations that sustained them (see below). (wikipedia.org)
  • With the approaching of the stipulated implementation date, shipowners need to adopt scientific methods to make decision on low sulfur fuel. (techscience.com)
  • In this study, we applied a prospect theory based hesitant fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model to obtain the optimal decision of low Sulphur marine fuel. (techscience.com)
  • The innovation of this study is that it is the first-time adopting prospect theory and hesitate fuzzy sets to multi-criteria decision making for low Sulphur marine fuel, which provides an effective decision model for shipping companies under Low Sulphur regulations, and can also be extended to other industries. (techscience.com)
  • British Sulphur Corporation Limited, 1979, World survey of potash resources: London, The British Sulphur Corporation Limited, 138 p. (usgs.gov)
  • Arterial hypertension : proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Arterial Hypertension, Caracas, August 29 - September 1, 1979 / editor, Manuel Velasco. (who.int)
  • UK data on sulphur deposition trends between the 1960's and 1990's are presented. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • Natality 79-88 Dataset Names Detail Natality Public-Use Tape Files 1979 - 1988 Introduction The natality data file is maintained by calendar year. (cdc.gov)
  • Subsequent publications contained both the methods for detecting DBDS and countermeasures taken by Sea Marconi in Europe and South America to tackle the problem of "DBDS corrosive sulfur - C1" using a process of depolarisation . (seamarconi.com)
  • This study included 2586 male workers employed at a facility located in Port Neches, Texas, for at least 6 months between 1943 and 1979. (cdc.gov)
  • Figure 1: Temperature dependence of the resistance of sulfur hydride measured at different pressures, and the pressure dependence of T c . (nature.com)
  • Figure 3: Temperature dependence of the resistance of sulfur hydride in different magnetic fields. (nature.com)
  • As shown in Figure 1 , sulfur(IV) and sulfur(VI) ylides are stable. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Often, mycetoma is described as a triad of tumefaction, sinus tract formation, and grains (sulfur granules). (medscape.com)
  • The eruption Friday of La Soufrière - its first large one since 1979 - transformed the island's lush towns and villages into gloomy, gray versions of themselves. (ktvu.com)
  • Its name comes from the French word soufre , which means sulphur. (cp-pc.ca)
  • Engineering control effectiveness and feasibility projections as applied to areas where sulfur-dioxide exposure exists are described. (cdc.gov)