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Once colonized as the Spanish Sahara, the area has been in dispute since Spain relinquished it in 1975. (finalcall.com)
The Polisario has engaged an armed independence struggle against Morocco from 1975 until a United Nations brokered ceasefire was reached in 1991. (finalcall.com)
In October 1975, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rejected claims from Morocco and Mauritania regarding their alleged sovereignty over the territory. (regjeringen.no)
8 On 16 October 1975, the International Court of Justice handed down the Advisory Opinion requested (Western Sahara, Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports 1975, p. 12). (wsrw.org)
Since the Madrid Accords of 1975, a part of Western Sahara has been administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces . (decisivechro276.cfd)

After Mauritania withdrew from the territory in August 1979, it was incorporated into and administered by Morocco. (mbendi.co.za)
The Annexation of Western Sahara by Morocco took place in two stages, in 1976 and 1979, and is considered illegal under international law . (decisivechro276.cfd)

In a letter made public on March 18, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez endorsed a Moroccan plan of autonomy for Western Sahara, a clear break with Madrid's long-established policy that the disputed territory's status should be decided by a referendum. (foreignpolicy.com)
The Trump administration as part of this so-called Abraham Accords bought off Morocco by supporting Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara," said Mr. Fletcher. (finalcall.com)
Additionally, media reports said the deal included an alleged $3 billion investment package for Moroccan banks, hotels and a renewable energy company owned by Morocco's King Mohammed VI, said the New York Times. (finalcall.com)
Advocacy groups like the Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW) contest the legality of foreign businesses, like Kosmos, working with the Moroccan government to exploit Western Saharan resources. (ipsnews.net)
WASHINGTON, Mar 11 2014 (IPS) - Even as U.S. and Moroccan executives meet to discuss strengthening private sector ties between the two countries, advocacy groups are raising concerns about plans by a U.S. energy firm to explore for oil in the contested territory known as Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)
The Moroccan government hopes to capitalise on its 2006 free trade agreement with the United States and encourage U.S. investment in the country by presenting it as a gateway to European, Middle Eastern and African markets. (ipsnews.net)
There's a lot going on in Morocco, and the question is how can it leverage what it has to attract American investments to Morocco that can then be directed to a European market or south to the African markets," Jean AbiNader, the executive director of the Moroccan American Trade and Investment Centre, a non-profit established by Morocco's King Mohammed VI, told IPS. (ipsnews.net)
While international investors in renewable energy have long favoured Morocco, enabling the construction of solar plants and wind farms, U.S. and European corporations are also rushing to take advantage of concessions for possible oil reserves, some of which are potentially located in the Western Sahara, which many people view as under Moroccan occupation. (ipsnews.net)
Sahrawis [indigenous Western Saharans] are standing on the sidelines of this project, waving their arms and telling companies to stop doing this on behalf of the Moroccan government. (ipsnews.net)
Unlike Morocco, the Polisario Front did not want to allow Moroccan settlers in the Western Sahara to participate in the referendum. (ipsnews.net)
To date, no other state recognises Moroccan sovereignty over the Western Sahara, which is on the United Nations list of Non Self-Governing Territories. (ipsnews.net)
The company Kerr-McGee Corporation 3 Through its subsidiary Kerr-McGee du Maroc Ltd. entered in 2001 into a contract with the governmental Moroccan oil company ONAREP regarding geological and geophysical studies off shore Western Sahara. (regjeringen.no)
Moroccan authorities describe Western Sahara as "Moroccan Saharan Provinces", and claim sovereignty over the area. (regjeringen.no)
According to the UN, however, Western Sahara is still a Non-Self-Governing Territory, and, as such, not subject to Moroccan sovereignty. (regjeringen.no)
The Spanish Moroccan territories were officially declared pacified in 1927. (sofmag.com)
The Regulares were native Moroccan troops enlisted into the Spanish Army and under the command of Spanish officers. (sofmag.com)
With the end of open hostilities, in 1927 the First and Second Tercios settled into garrison duties in the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, the major cities in the Spanish Moroccan territories. (sofmag.com)
While no other country than the United States has ever recognized Morocco's unilateral annexation of Western Sahara , [2] [3] a number of countries have expressed their support for a future recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the territory as an autonomous part of the Kingdom . (decisivechro276.cfd)
The UN recognizes neither Moroccan [5] nor SADR sovereignty over Western Sahara. (decisivechro276.cfd)
Moroccan settlers currently make up more than two thirds of the 500,000 inhabitants of Western Sahara . (decisivechro276.cfd)
According to the Moroccan government, in 1958 the Moroccan Army of Liberation fought Spanish colonizers and almost liberated what was then Spanish Sahara. (decisivechro276.cfd)
To date, large parts of Western Sahara are controlled by the Moroccan Governmentand known as the Southern Provinces, whereas some 20% of the Western Sahara territory remains controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). (techsb.ca)

Following years of armed conflict between Morocco and the Algerian-backed Polisario Front, the international community established the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) in 1991. (ipsnews.net)

In order to resolve the sovereignty issue, the UN has attempted to hold a referendum through the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), and is holding direct talks between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front. (decisivechro276.cfd)

The state of Western Sahara or Sahrawi Republic lies along the coast of West Africa between Mauritania to its south and east, and Morocco on its northern border, and forms part of the West African region. (mbendi.co.za)
Formerly the Spanish colony of Rio de Oro, Western Sahara was annexed by both Morocco and Mauritania when Spain withdrew in February 1976. (mbendi.co.za)
Later that year, Spain entered into an agreement with Morocco and Mauritania concerning the transfer of power over Western Sahara. (regjeringen.no)
In the Agreement, Spain confirmed her intentions of contributing to the decolonisation of Western Sahara, and to transfer the duties as Administrative Power to Morocco and Mauritania. (regjeringen.no)
1 Western Sahara is a territory in north-west Africa bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the north-east, Mauritania to the east and south, while its west coast faces the Atlantic. (wsrw.org)
By land area, Mauritania is the 11th-largest country in Africa and the 28th-largest in the world, and 90% of its territory is situated in the Sahara . (alamoana.net)
historical Mauretania was considerably further north than modern Mauritania, as it was spread out along the entire western half of the Mediterranean coast of Africa. (alamoana.net)
Mauritania administers the western half of the Ras Nouadhibou Peninsula. (decisivechro276.cfd)
A territory lying in North-Western Africa, Western Sahara borders Morocco in the north, Algeria in the north-east, Mauritania in the east and in the south, and its north-western coast borders the Atlantic Ocean. (techsb.ca)
Following Spain's withdrawal, Western Sahara was invaded militarily by Morocco and Mauritania. (techsb.ca)

After calling for Western Saharan independence from Spain, Morocco took control of the territory, which it calls the Southern Provinces, in 1976 after the Spanish withdrew. (ipsnews.net)

The government sent in troops from neighboring provinces to quell the fast growing movement, but the inexperienced troops were met by heavy resistance on the part of the leftist insurgents, who were well supplied with small arms, dynamite, 200 machines guns and 29 artillery pieces taken from the arms factory at Trubia or from captured government arsenals. (sofmag.com)

6 On 20 August 1974, the Kingdom of Spain informed the UN that it proposed to organise a referendum in Western Sahara under UN auspices. (wsrw.org)
7 By Resolution 3292 (XXIX) on the Question of the Spanish Sahara, adopted on 13 December 1974, the UN General Assembly decided to request the International Court of Justice for an Advisory Opinion on whether Western Sahara (Rio de Oro and Sakiet El Hamra) was, at the time of its colonisation by the Kingdom of Spain, a territory belonging to no one (terra nullius). (wsrw.org)
In 1974, under the influence of young revolutionaries - the "Ligueurs" - the government embarked on a socialist program: nationalization of strategic sectors of the economy, reform of the education system, establishment of agricultural cooperatives and new local government structures, and a campaign to eradicate " feudal forces" including tribalism . (wikipedia.org)

Embassy of Angola in Bissau Así es Africa su inserción en el mundo, sus relaciones con la Argentina (in Spanish). (wikipedia.org)
In a bitter response, Morocco lifted border controls into Ceuta, one of Spain's small enclaves in North Africa, allowing some 10,000 migrants to cross the border and effectively creating a humanitarian crisis. (foreignpolicy.com)
As President Joseph Biden has been reversing policies of his predecessor, questions are floating about what his administration will do concerning the issue of Western Sahara, a disputed territory in North West Africa where conflict has recently escalated into war. (finalcall.com)
Morocco possesses the "last colony in Africa" with its occupation of the Western Sahara, which it long claimed since 1957 as its southern province. (finalcall.com)
The Legion, along with los Regulares, comprised what was to be referred to by the Spanish as the Army of Africa. (sofmag.com)
Therefore potential recruits were sent to Ceuta or Melilla in North Africa for induction and training, later to be posted in one the remaining Spanish African possessions. (sofmag.com)
As the insurgents continued to advance, the government called upon the Army of Africa, the only combat-tested regulars in the largely short-service conscript Spanish Army. (sofmag.com)
Whilst most conflict over resources in North Africa are emerging over the scarcity of resources such as water , the Western Sahara conflict has the potential to be revived over the presence of valuable resources such as fisheries and phosphate. (techsb.ca)

It formed a government-in-exile in 1976 and declared the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). (mbendi.co.za)
In November 1984, the Polisario Front's SADR was recognised by the Organisation for African Unity leading to the withdrawal of Morocco from the OAU in protest. (mbendi.co.za)
In February 1976, the Polisario Front declared Western Sahara to be the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), with the support of allies that included Algeria. (finalcall.com)
The SADR controls 20 percent of its territory-mostly barren desert, while 80 percent is controlled by Morocco. (finalcall.com)
The background for this request was that the Minister of Finance had received letters from the Western Sahara Support Committee and the Government of the SADR (Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic), asking him to disinvest from the Fund's investments in the company Kerr-McGee Corporation. (regjeringen.no)
The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) was proclaimed on 27 February 1976 to fill the legal vacuum in the context of Spain's unfulfilled obligation to lead the territory of Western Sahara to its decolonisation, and the withdrawal of the Spanish administration from the territory. (techsb.ca)

In May 1991, the Polisario Front and Morocco ended many years of fighting following a UN sponsored peace settlement. (mbendi.co.za)
Relations between Madrid and Rabat have been frosty since May 2021, when Spain admitted the leader of the Polisario Front, Western Sahara's independence movement, for hospital treatment after he suffered complications related to COVID-19. (foreignpolicy.com)
The Polisario Front is the group that has been at war with Morocco over the years for the territory. (finalcall.com)
POLISARIO started an armed uprising against the Spanish Administrative Power. (regjeringen.no)
Western Sahara , formerly the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara , is a disputed territory claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario Front) , which is an independence movement based in Tifariti and Bir Lehlou . (decisivechro276.cfd)
Although the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) treats the status of Western Sahara as 'undetermined', its lack of reference to its current effective partition, considering the existence of the Polisario-held areas, indicates an acceptance of Morocco as the administering power in the entire territory. (decisivechro276.cfd)

The little-known conflict was exacerbated in the final weeks of the Donald Trump administration by an unprecedented decision to recognize a sovereign claim to the territory by the Kingdom of Morocco. (finalcall.com)
Learn they did, as Legion casualties came to far outnumber those of other Spanish units deployed in the conflict which has come to be known as the "War of the Riff. (sofmag.com)
The Western Sahara faces new hostilities, and the conflict is turning to a resource-based one. (techsb.ca)

After its independence in 1956, the Kingdom of Morocco demanded the 'liberation' of Western Sahara, considering that that territory belonged to it. (wsrw.org)
If the answer to the first question was in the negative, it also requested the International Court of Justice to rule on the issue of the legal ties between Western Sahara and the Kingdom of Morocco and the Mauritanian entity. (wsrw.org)
The official position of the Kingdom of Morocco since 1963 is that all of Western Sahara is an integral part of the kingdom. (decisivechro276.cfd)

Kérékou seized power in Dahomey in a military coup on 26 October 1972, [1] ending a system of government in which three members of a presidential council were to rotate power (earlier in the year Maga had handed over power to Justin Ahomadegbé ). (wikipedia.org)

Furthermore, the UN General Assembly called upon the Kingdom of Spain, which it treated as the administering power, to postpone the referendum that it was planning to organise in Western Sahara until the General Assembly had decided on the policy to be pursued in order to accelerate the decolonisation process in the territory. (wsrw.org)

Morocco has occupied the territory ever since, a presence most of the world considers illegal. (foreignpolicy.com)
Western Sahara, a Spanish protectorate since 1884, was, according to the provisions of the UN Charter, established as a Non-Self-Governing Territory in 1963. (regjeringen.no)
The agreement did not alter the status of Western Sahara as Non-Self-Governing Territory under the UN. (regjeringen.no)
Western Sahara is listed by the United Nations (UN) as a non- decolonized territory and is thus included in the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories , which regards Spain as the de jure administering state. (decisivechro276.cfd)

The final future of the state of Western Sahara will be settled when the forthcoming UN-supervised referendum is held in which the country's inhabitants must choose between independence or integration with Morocco. (mbendi.co.za)
Saharawis take part in 2014 conference on self-determination and independence held in Morocco. (finalcall.com)
The Sahrawis make up 500,000 people, with 170,000 living in UN administered refugee camps in Algeria and who fled a vicious independence war against Morocco that began in 1976. (finalcall.com)
Its aim was to achieve independence for Western Sahara. (regjeringen.no)

The UN installed a peacekeeping force called the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) charged with monitoring the truce and coordinating the referendum on self-determination in the Western Sahara. (finalcall.com)
MINURSO intended the referendum to determine whether the Western Sahara would become an independent state or part of Morocco, but the vote was never able to be implemented due to disagreements over who was eligible to take part. (ipsnews.net)

3 In 1963, following the transmission of information by the Kingdom of Spain pursuant to Article 73(e) of the Charter of the United Nations, the UN added Western Sahara to its list of non-self-governing territories. (wsrw.org)
In 1963, following the passing of the information by Spain, on the basis of Article 73 of the Charter of the United Nations, the UN entered Western Sahara in the list of areas which were not governed independently. (techsb.ca)

Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1985. (kobeltonline.de)

Spain's stance on the matter is especially important, as the country was Western Sahara's colonial ruler until 1976 . (foreignpolicy.com)
Other units were sent to Spanish colonial possessions in the Spanish Sahara (today's Western Sahara), the Canary Islands, Sidi Ifni, and to Spain's African colonies such as Equatorial Guinea. (sofmag.com)

More controversially, Kosmos now intends to start oil exploration in an area off the Western Saharan coast, known as Cap Boujdour, in October. (ipsnews.net)
Since then, however, both multinational energy firms and Western Saharan advocacy groups have construed the U.N. opinion to favour their respective stances. (ipsnews.net)

On 6 March 1976, the Flag Committee decided had found two or three designs, which, with modifications, could represent Aruba. (countryreports.org)

In 2002, Morocco awarded contracts for oil exploration in the Western Sahara to a U.S.-based company, Kerr McGee, and the French-based Total S.A. In response, the United Nations issued what is known as the Corell Opinion regarding the legality of resource extraction in Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)
In a letter from the Ministry of Finance dated 12 December 2004, the Petroleum Fund's Council on Ethics was asked to assess whether the investments by the Fund in the company Kerr-McGee could constitute a violation of the Ethical Guidelines for the Government Petroleum Fund. (regjeringen.no)

Strengthening ties to Arab nationalist governments-particularly Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt-he unsuccessfully advocated Pan-Arab political union. (everipedia.org)
Mali's military has increasingly been establishing closer ties with the Russian government and military. (midwesternmarx.com)
One of the recent incidents that has strained bilateral ties is the alleged involvement of Indian government agents in the assassination of a Sikh separatist leader in British Columbia1. (blogbyzaka.com)

Within the military, he founded a revolutionary group which deposed the Western -backed Senussi monarchy of Idris in a 1969 coup. (everipedia.org)

Morocco is not willing to allow the people the right to self-determination today, and the oil industry is becoming an obstacle in terms of putting pressure in Morocco to accept that right. (ipsnews.net)

Critics say taking Morocco's side disqualified the U.S. as a credible broker on the Western Sahara issue. (finalcall.com)
In the case of Morocco, until Mr. Trump recognized Morocco's illegal land claim, America maintained relations with a noncommittal posture toward the contradiction. (finalcall.com)
At this week's conference, participating energy companies, such as Dow Chemical, were given the option to attend sessions on Morocco's energy sector, highlighting the potential for both renewable and carbon-based investment in the kingdom. (ipsnews.net)

It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to the north and northwest, Algeria to the northeast , Mali to the east and southeast , and Senegal to the southwest . (alamoana.net)

They were joined in part by government troops and took control of the city. (sofmag.com)
The National Air and Space Museum takes down invested one of Washington's most capitalist troops of American Commonwealth which prevented interpreted in 1976. (tassenkuchenblog.de)

says Club, but built primarily reach any news for an elementary -in, we may include now used you out in anhydrase to let your disease. (plywoodskyscraper.com)

When Spain left, Morocco laid claim to the area triggering a resistance movement by the indigenous Sahrawi people refusing annexation of their lands. (finalcall.com)

The payoff in exchange was Morocco signing the Abraham Accords of Arab nations normalizing relations with Israel. (finalcall.com)
The arms deal with Morocco is compared to the nearly $23.4 billion arms deal the U.S. gave the United Arab Emirates upon its inking the same Accords. (finalcall.com)
I mean, when Western governments decide to attack an Arab or Muslim country, all claims are possible. (blogspot.com)

The Corell Opinion recognises Morocco as the de facto administrative power of Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)

Speaking to The Final Call from Spain, Mr. Said argued, the U.S. has no rights to the Western Sahara to make it a part of any deal. (finalcall.com)

It's a real viable test for democracy," said Linn Washington, an investigative reporter who traveled to Western Sahara. (finalcall.com)
They (Morocco) have subverted democracy for all of these decades," Mr. Washington said. (finalcall.com)
Also, does democracy have to include the ability of foreign governments to fund various groups in a country? (blogspot.com)

But it also states that "while the specific contracts … are not in themselves illegal, if further exploration and exploitation activities were to proceed in disregard of the interests and wishes of the people of Western Sahara, they would be in violation of the principles of international law applicable to mineral resource activities in Non-Self-Governing Territories. (ipsnews.net)

Colonel Millan Astray, the much-wounded, one-armed founder and commander of the Spanish Foreign Legion, was promoted to brigadier general and sent back to the Peninsula in semi-retirement. (sofmag.com)
it was also "foreign" in the sense that it was to serve abroad, outside of the Spanish peninsula. (sofmag.com)

Under international law, Western Sahara is not a legal part of Morocco and it remains under the international laws of military occupation . (decisivechro276.cfd)

Wlah is there any Western leader who has not flown to New York City to discuss the Syrian situation? (blogspot.com)

the fabric of society has been torn asunder, sovereign nations collapse under their own burdens, once stable governments are ushered into revolution and allies of old are thrust into war. (blogspot.com)

Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada (26 August 2021). (wikipedia.org)
At the beginning the Spanish Foreign Legion was an idealistic concept, a dream of Millan Astray to create a military camaraderie of soldiers who would forsake home and family in search of glory and adventure. (sofmag.com)
From its inception the Spanish Foreign Legion was to be "foreign" in two ways. (sofmag.com)

Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1955. (kobeltonline.de)
The credit of book takes watermarking slowed by North America, Western Europe, and Japan. (kobeltonline.de)

On 10 December 2015, the Court of Justice of the European Union annulled the EU-Morocco agricultural agreement in so far as it applies to Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

Subsequently Morocco invaded parts of Western Sahara, which led to strong reactions from the Security Council. (regjeringen.no)

He pointed out that Morocco through strong lobbying efforts has garnered the support of many Democrats including Black lawmakers to certify its illegal occupation of the Western Sahara. (finalcall.com)

It takes the largest year of government and communist in the capital. (tassenkuchenblog.de)

We provide the latest business news from South, East, Central and Francophonic West. (mbendi.co.za)
Government and business leaders from the United States and Morocco are gathering in Rabat this week for the second annual Morocco-U.S. Business Development Conference. (ipsnews.net)

The Council on Ethics has decided to make the following recommendation to the Ministry of Finance, which, according to point 4.5 of the Ethical Guidelines, shall be submitted to the company for comments. (regjeringen.no)

Ruling by decree, he deported Libya's Italian and Jewish minorities and ejected its Western military bases. (everipedia.org)

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19743

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