• At that time, a group led by Herbert Friedman of the Naval Research Laboratory had observed X-rays from the Sun, but based on the strength of the solar X-rays, it seemed unlikely that X-rays could be detected from the much more distant stars. (harvard.edu)
  • Both made famous high-altitude balloon ascents in order to study cosmic rays with a minimum of atmospheric interference, Auguste in 1931 and 1932, and Jean in 1936. (daviddarling.info)
  • Auguste Piccard first became interested in exploring the stratosphere and reasoned that a manned balloon could ascend to such heights to measure, for example, radiation and the activity of cosmic rays. (daviddarling.info)
  • G.T. Zatsepin) in our Institute dealing with high energy particles in cosmic rays insisted-mainly based on intuition-that beside drastic central collisions, as we call them nowadays, they observed another class of interesting events which cannot be described by the hydrodynamic approach. (springer.com)
  • the data on the screen led to the discovery of Scorpius X-1, the first extrasolar source of X-rays, and of the cosmic X-ray background radiation. (inaf.it)
  • C ) is constantly being created in the Earth's atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen . (wikizero.com)
  • The moon is essentially shielded from all but a few cosmic rays during this time. (moonfaker.com)
  • The Magnetic field from the terrestrial magnetosphere can potentially provide radiation shielding from solar energetic particle events and lower energy galactic cosmic rays, which can be a significant hazard during extra-vehicle activities or during human exploration of the lunar surface. (moonfaker.com)
  • these primary rays create secondary rays that bathe the atmosphere in radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • The difference is caused by the cosmic rays. (cdc.gov)
  • I have harnessed the cosmic rays and caused them to operate a motive device. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • He had been the Dean of the Faculty of Science, Rajshahi University for the periods 1962 - 1963, 1970 - 1971 and 1980 - 1982. (org.bd)
  • 1955 - 1962 Research Associate (1955-1958) and Senior Research Associate with the honorary rank of Associate Professor and Acting Director, Laboratory of High Energy Physics and Cosmic Radiation (1959-1962), University of Chicago, Chicago (Ill. (aip.org)
  • Research, development, and evaluation launchings of TERRIER missiles continued through 1955. (secretprojects.co.uk)
  • He carried out research work in Nuclear Physics at the National Research Laboratories at Ottawa, Canada from 1953 - 1955 as a Post-doctoral Fellow. (org.bd)
  • This request resulted in a collaborative effort by staff at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute to make crude estimates of doses and health risks from exposure to radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests conducted from 1951 through 1962 at the Nevada Test Site and other sites throughout the world. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2006 he won a Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on cosmic microwave background radiation and COBE with John C. Mather . (wikipedia.org)
  • He predicted cosmic microwave background radiation with Prof. Robert Dick and other scientists. (umk.pl)
  • He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Raymond David Jr. "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos. (aip.org)
  • Shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos. (aip.org)
  • He spent most of his life until 1956 in Milan, where he obtained a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Milan, working under the direction of noted cosmic ray physicist Giuseppe Ochialini. (harvard.edu)
  • Prof. Phillip James Edwin Peebles, a Canadian-American physicist, cosmologist, astrophysicist and astronomer, one of the pioneers of the theory of the formation of cosmic structures and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, gave an opening lecture at the World Copernican Congress . (umk.pl)
  • He was appointed Reader and Head of the Department of Physics of the newly established Rajshahi University in 1958 and secured the Professorship of Physics of the same University in 1962. (org.bd)
  • He has to his credit a large number of research publications in Nuclear Physics in reputed journals of Science and Physics at home and abroad. (org.bd)
  • He had been involved in a number of research projects on cosmic radiations and in Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics. (org.bd)
  • Subjects discuss their family backgrounds, how they became interested in physics, their educations, people who influenced them, their careers including social influences on the conditions of research, and the state of atomic, nuclear, and quantum physics during the period in which they worked. (aip.org)
  • The Central Research Institute for Physics (CRIP) starts its official work. (szfki.hu)
  • Laboratory of Physical Optics becomes a part of Physical Research Main Department I , the Laboratories of Nuclear Physics become parts of Physical Research Main Department II . (szfki.hu)
  • Laboratory of Solid State Physics becomes a part of Physical Research Main Department III . (szfki.hu)
  • Organization of Research Group of Crystal Physics of the H.A.S. , which works alongside the Biophysical Institute of the Semmelweis University of Medicine. (szfki.hu)
  • memory research, research and development of ion implantation (Major Department of Physics I.). Their financial and investment status was significantly better than the status of other researches. (szfki.hu)
  • By the fusion of the Research Groups for Crystal Growing, and Crystal Physics, the Research Laboratory of Crystal Physics of the H.A.S comes into existence as a part of the Research Laboratory of Natural Sciences of the H.A.S. Its research topics: growth of optical single crystals, study of crystal lattice defects, crystal-quantum chemical investigations, characterization of optical crystals, nonlinear and quantum optics. (szfki.hu)
  • [3] From 1926 to 1927, he was a Rockefeller Foundation Fellow for postgraduate research with Niels Bohr at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen and with Erwin Schrödinger at the University of Zurich . (wikipedia.org)
  • It was in this environment that Heitler went on his Rockefeller Foundations Fellowship, leaving LMU and within a period of two years going to do research and study with the leading figures of the day in theoretical physics, Bohr's personnel in Copenhagen, Schrödinger in Zurich, and Born in Göttingen. (wikipedia.org)
  • At Bristol, Heitler was a Research Fellow of the Academic Assistance Council, in the H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Second, the state of solar and cosmic physics is so fragmented and confused that it has been relatively easy for NASA and the official organs of the scientific-military establishment to create a smokescreen of disinformation. (greatdreams.com)
  • In the years from 1959-1962, Giacconi developed his legendary expertise in space research, producing more than 30 rocket and satellite payloads. (harvard.edu)
  • Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 years and would have long ago vanished from Earth were it not for the unremitting cosmic ray impacts on nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere , which create more of the isotope. (wikidoc.org)
  • During the coast phase of the voyage, the astronauts would live happily within the Earth's magnetotail without fear of solar radiation. (moonfaker.com)
  • He then took up an interest in the microwaves in cosmic radiation which had been discovered by Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson in 1964. (wikipedia.org)
  • And so we see that to keep the radiation exposure down, a manned Dragon mission to the moon could be timed to launch directly down the magnetotail and catch up with the moon just as it enters the magnetosphere. (moonfaker.com)
  • The majority of exposure to radiation comes from natural sources. (cdc.gov)
  • With the exception of indoor radon exposure (and to some extent exposure from terrestrial sources), exposure to natural radiation is only moderately controllable. (cdc.gov)
  • Such assumptions as, "There can be a peaceful promotion of atomic energy," and, "It has not been proven that exposure to low-level ionizing radiation causes cancer," are lethal to the extreme. (ratical.org)
  • from cosmic radiation (from the sun and adapted from (NCRP1987a) stars), another 8% from terrestrial sources (radioactive material in rocks and soil), and 11% from internal sources (radioactive materials, primarily potassium-40, from food and water consumed in the daily diet). (cdc.gov)
  • Professor Phillip James Edwin Peebles is a prominent Canadian-American physicist, cosmologist, astrophysicist and astronomer, one of the pioneers of the theory of cosmic structure formation. (umk.pl)
  • It is primarily composed of galactic radiation originating outside the solar system in addition to a varying degree of solar radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • GRAB stands for Galactic Radiation And Background, while GREB supposedly stood for Galactic Radiation Experiment Background. (planet4589.org)
  • [1] These emissions are considered ionizing radiation because they are energetic enough to liberate an electron from another atom. (wikipedia.org)
  • The intense radiation from this enormously hot material has so much energy it begins to tear the atoms of iron and other elements apart, converting the core into protons, electrons, and neutrons. (encyclopedia.com)
  • On the experimental side, cosmic ray studies which started already in the 1930s were quite successful. (springer.com)
  • There is ongoing research that demonstrates potential applications as a soft X-ray source for next-generation microelectronics lithography, surface micromachining , pulsed X-ray and neutron source for medical and security inspection applications and materials modification, among others. (plasma-universe.com)
  • For one participant in COSMIC, the spacecraft demonstrates what can be done by combing through the incoming datastream of VLASS. (centauri-dreams.org)
  • Start of laser research in the Laboratory of Physical Optics. (szfki.hu)
  • In 1939, Martin Kamen and Samuel Ruben of the Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley began experiments to determine if any of the elements common in organic matter had isotopes with half-lives long enough to be of value in biomedical research. (wikizero.com)
  • Fitted with launch and control equipment designed for the five-ton VIKING research rocket, to carry cosmic radiation instruments. (secretprojects.co.uk)
  • One of these was the historic rocket flight of June 12, 1962. (harvard.edu)
  • In the 350 seconds it spent above the atmosphere, this rocket payload detected the first cosmic X-ray source outside our Solar System, Scorpius X-1, as well as an all-pervasive X-ray background radiation. (harvard.edu)
  • The first scientific exploration from space was the cosmic radiation experiment launched by the U.S. on a V-2 rocket on 10 May 1946. (alchetron.com)
  • The detection of the Voyager I spacecraft using the COSMIC instrument on the VLA. (centauri-dreams.org)
  • The detection of Voyager's downlink gives the COSMIC team high confidence that the system can detect similar artificial transmitters potentially arising from distant extraterrestrial civilizations. (centauri-dreams.org)
  • Voyager 1 is thus a dry run for a technosignature detection, and COSMIC is said to offer a sensitivity a thousand times more comprehensive than any previous SETI search. (centauri-dreams.org)
  • The detection of Voyager 1 is an exciting demonstration of the capabilities of the COSMIC system. (centauri-dreams.org)
  • The energy radiated by these active substances will amount to about 20 percent of the energy liberated in the explosion, and the radiations would be fatal to living beings even a long time after the explosion. (ratical.org)
  • The intense electromagnetic and particle bursts, collectively referred to as 'multi-radiation' occur during the dense plasma and breakup phases. (plasma-universe.com)
  • A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. (oldantiquevintage.com)
  • The National Research Council Laboratories and the Radio Propagation Lab and Electronics Lab merge to become the Defense Research Telecommunications Establishment. (katexagoraris.com)
  • Combining the changes in dust temperature (from around room temperature to about 1200 °C) caused by the intense radiation from the black hole with the absorption maps, the team built up a detailed picture of the dust and pinpointed where the black hole must lie. (newswise.com)
  • clumps together under gravity, does not emit, reflect, or absorb electromagnetic radiation, and does not interact with normal matter in any way that causes the normal matter to emit, reflect, or absorb electromagnetic radiation. (skythisweek.info)
  • Growing of single crystals (1972), production of thin layers, research of liquid crystals (1972), production and study of metallic glasses (1976). (szfki.hu)
  • 1976 // Bruno Rossi^ " for discovering the origins of cosmic radiation . (mit.edu)
  • High energy hadron interactions were always one of the main topics of research at the Moscow Lebedev Physical Institute. (springer.com)
  • Between July 1957 and December 1958 the worldwide scientific community looked up to the sky, and conducted research to understand Earth and Sun interactions.While the rest of the world was looking at solar flares, Canada and the USA built the Churchill Research Range in northern Manitoba. (katexagoraris.com)
  • That work made it possible to measure black holes and cosmic radiation much more exactly than was possible before. (wikipedia.org)
  • This work was completed using the Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite ( COBE ). (wikipedia.org)
  • After Auguste Piccard's death in 1962, his work was carried on by his son Jacques. (daviddarling.info)
  • I describe studies done by the theory group of Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow and point out the cross-influence of some of our work with that of Rolf Hagedorn, and show how this research continued and evolved up to the present. (springer.com)
  • Maxwell's famous equations had been accepted as a general description of electromagnetic phenomena and had been found to be also applicable to optical radiation and the radio waves recently discovered by Hertz. (nobelprize.org)
  • A dense plasma focus (DPF) (also plasma gun ) is a plasma machine that produces, by electromagnetic acceleration and compression, short-lived plasma that is so hot and dense that it becomes a copious multi-radiation source. (plasma-universe.com)
  • PhD advisor at University of Rochester on "High energy electron-proton cascade in cosmic radiation. (aip.org)
  • He received a bachelor's degree from the University of Manitoba and a doctorate in 1962 from Princeton University. (umk.pl)
  • [18] In doing so, Born arranged for Heitler to get a position that year as a Research Fellow at the University of Bristol , with Nevill Francis Mott . (wikipedia.org)
  • Once in space, this experiment, provided by Dr. James Van Allen of the State University of Iowa, revealed a much lower cosmic ray count than expected. (timetoast.com)
  • Here are the 96 Nobel Prizewinners who attended Cambridge University that I have found during my research. (blanchflower.org)
  • He went to Upper Arlington High School in Upper Arlington, Ohio until 1962. (wikipedia.org)
  • At that time AS&E was primarily involved in military space research. (harvard.edu)
  • I took this examination, and I was getting ready to start working on the PH.D. when I went to Munich… I had done some research with Perrin by that time. (aip.org)
  • At that time such guesses originated from cosmic ray observations, especially those presented by M. Miesowich from Krakow. (springer.com)
  • Research by Erika M. Harnett and Robert M. Winglee suggest that the ideal time to send a man to the moon would be when it is full. (moonfaker.com)
  • The lack of Ku-band coverage meant that the AMS experiment was only able to send back a small amount of data in real time, but reportedly AMS did detect cosmic-ray antiprotons as expected. (planet4589.org)
  • Having been home ported at Port Hueneme, California since 30 November 1948, Norton Sound stood out to sea in June of 1962 bound for Norfolk, Virginia and ultimately to Baltimore, Maryland. (secretprojects.co.uk)
  • While crews on transit could watch their radiation dosimeters closely and transfer to the shelter module should the dose rates exceeds 100mrad/hr, on the surface astronauts should preferably be only minutes away from the shelter, unless a sheltered pressurized rover is landed on the moon too. (moonfaker.com)
  • Under these ideal conditions, the only transfers to the shelter module would be during the transit through the radiation belt. (moonfaker.com)
  • Even the smallest plasma focus has essentially the same dynamic characteristics as larger machines, producing the same plasma characteristics and the same radiation products and radiation characteristics. (plasma-universe.com)
  • AAAS Fellows are a distinguished cadre of scientists, engineers and innovators who have been recognized for their achievements across disciplines, from research, teaching, and technology, to administration in academia, industry and government, to excellence in communicating and interpreting science to the public. (mit.edu)
  • After the war, the U.S. used German scientists and their captured rockets in programs for both military and civilian research. (alchetron.com)
  • The fact that carbon dioxide is a 'greenhouse gas' - a gas that prevents a certain amount of heat radiation escaping back to space and thus maintains a generally warm climate on Earth, goes back to an idea that was first conceived, though not specifically with respect to CO2, nearly 200 years ago. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Needless to say, Space Adventures' proposed lunar Soyuz mission would be without a shelter module for surviving solar flares and the Van Allen radiation belts. (moonfaker.com)
  • Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, national prestige, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity, and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries. (alchetron.com)
  • Committee on Space Research) This committee would make sure that space research in the prior and current International Geophysical Year programs would continue. (katexagoraris.com)
  • The primary science instrument on Explorer 1 was a cosmic ray detector designed to measure the radiation environment in Earth orbit. (timetoast.com)
  • Furthermore, this article summarizes James McCanney s theoretical and practical research which leads to the conclusion that NASA is attempting to distract attention from the very real dangers of imminent Earth changes. (greatdreams.com)
  • Missions transferring astronauts between the Earth and the Moon and extended missions to the surface of the Moon could be planned for times when the Moon is within the magnetosphere and radiation hazards may be minimized. (moonfaker.com)
  • he also found that the rate of decline in radiation as the balloon ascended over land was slower than would be expected if the radiation emanated from the earth. (cdc.gov)
  • At least another 60 radionuclides are detectable in nature, either as daughters of primordial radionuclides or as radionuclides produced through natural production on Earth by cosmic radiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • It tries to give unified descriptions of the behavior of matter as well as of radiation, covering as many types of phenomena as possible. (nobelprize.org)
  • Conceived as a way of collecting data in the search for technosignatures, COSMIC (Commensal Open-Source Multimode Interferometer Cluster) taps data from the ongoing VLASS (Very Large Array Sky Survey) project and shunts them into a receiver designed to spot narrow channels, on the order of one hertz wide, to spot possible components of a technosignature. (centauri-dreams.org)
  • Research Notes of the AAS is a non-peer-reviewed, indexed and secure record of works in progress, comments and clarifications, null results, or timely reports of observations in astronomy and astrophysics. (skythisweek.info)
  • A report from that committee issued in February 2003 was peer reviewed by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC) Committee to Review the CDC-NCI Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences from Nuclear Weapons Tests (NAS/NRC 2003). (cdc.gov)
  • Those meetings were not always easy: I will never forget the day when, in front of all the congress participants, he accused me, the younger and only representative of my research group in that event, of having obtained wrong results. (inaf.it)
  • After a few years I joined Giacconi's group at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (Cambridge, Massachusetts) as a research fellow. (inaf.it)
  • After more than two years, on 21 April 1992 , the COBE research team claimed that the satellite had detected the small differences they were looking for. (wikipedia.org)
  • George Smoot was in control of measuring the small differences in the temperature of the radiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • connection between a well functioning industrial company and a research institute doing fundamental research. (szfki.hu)
  • Hours after it's launch, A scientist, John Chapman and his crew were listening to it's beeps at the Defense Research Telecommunications Establishment. (katexagoraris.com)
  • cosmic singularity}, if it is not proved according to scientific standards. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • That episode made me aware of Giacconi's scientific stature, even before I knew much about the research field that he had created and led for two decades already. (inaf.it)
  • The government of Canada creates the Honorary Advisory Council on Scientific and Industrial Research. (katexagoraris.com)
  • Another was the discovery of radioactivity by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896, and the continued study of the nature of this radiation by Marie and Pierre Curie . (nobelprize.org)
  • The draft Feasibility Study was also sent to the National Academy of Sciences' Committee on Assessment of CDC Radiation Studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Newswise - The European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (ESO's VLTI) has observed a cloud of cosmic dust at the centre of the galaxy Messier 77 that is hiding a supermassive black hole. (newswise.com)
  • These black holes feed on large volumes of cosmic dust and gas. (newswise.com)
  • By making extraordinarily detailed observations of the centre of the galaxy Messier 77 , also known as NGC 1068, Gámez Rosas and her team detected a thick ring of cosmic dust and gas hiding a supermassive black hole. (newswise.com)
  • Starting in 1947, the Soviets, also with the help of German teams, launched sub-orbital V-2 rockets and their own variant, the R-1, including radiation and animal experiments on some flights. (alchetron.com)
  • Two major congresses took place that year: in September in Mykonos - with a sky as blue as only Greece can have, against the whitest of the houses - Riccardo reminded us the technical choices which led to the Aerobee launch in 1962. (inaf.it)