• A drop in volcanic activity after 1915 contributed slight warming in the early 20th Century. (skepticalscience.com)
  • The strongest effect is from greenhouse gases which produced slow warming in the early 20th Century, then accelerated in the 1970s. (skepticalscience.com)
  • They do a poor job of explaining the warming from 1880 but a very good job of capturing late 20th Century warming. (skepticalscience.com)
  • From this analysis, Meehl concludes that the warming from 1880 to the mid-20th Century was largely natural with the sun being the main contributor. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Late 20th Century warming after 1970 is mainly due to man-made influence primarily from greenhouse gases. (skepticalscience.com)
  • When the solar contribution flattened out in the mid-20th century, humanity took the baton and we've been running with it ever since. (skepticalscience.com)
  • The climate that responded to the forcing from the warming sun in the early 20th century is the same climate that is now responding to the forcing from rising greenhouse gases . (skepticalscience.com)
  • In Australia, the spelling "jail" has been used since the 20th century, although "gaol" is still used today and is used in historical contexts. (wikipedia.org)
  • [2] [3] This was to have a phenomenal impact on the spread of communism during the 20th century as the Soviet Union installed new Marxist-Leninist governments in Central and Eastern Europe following World War II and indirectly backed the ascension of others in the Americas, Asia and Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • [4] The failure of these governments to live up to the ideal of a communist society , their general trend towards increasing authoritarianism , their bureaucracy, and the inherent inefficiencies in their economies has been linked to the decline of communism in the late 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Led by Dr Randall Thomas, the researchers did CT scans of 137 mummies from four different parts of the world - Egypt, Peru, southwest America and the Aleutian Islands - spanning more than 4,000 years of history from around 3,800 BC to the turn of the 20th century. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • More than 30,000 books, as well as a large number of serials and approximately 1,000 linear feet of manuscripts mainly relating to 20th century non-traditional religions and splinter groups of larger religious bodies in North America. (ucsb.edu)
  • Also known as the Pearl Chase Collection, focusing on Santa Barbara history in the 20th century. (ucsb.edu)
  • The article considers the theme of God and the motive of the death of God in the reception of the four thinkers of the Russian religious philosophy in the turn of the 20th century Vladimir Solovyov, Andrei Bely, Lev Shestov and Aleksei Losev. (atlantis-press.com)
  • Brown-Séquard the clinical features of thyroid disease since demonstrated that in animals death from the dawn of the 20th century, the methods adrenalectomy could be delayed by infu- of investigation and treatment advanced sion of blood from healthy animals. (who.int)
  • The first attempt was in the domain of Vedic literature through the composition of the Brahma Sutras, and the second one included the whole Sanatana which could produce even in the 20th century Dharma through the Bhagavadgita. (esamskriti.com)
  • To some others, however, it is a storehouse of high spirituality which could produce even in the 20th century such spiritual celebrities as Mahatma Gandhi, Sri Aurobindo, Ramana Maharshi, Anandamayi Ma and Sant Randas-who were all alive when the Second World War ended. (esamskriti.com)
  • Current research undertakings are directed towards exchange rates and market integration, monetary policy in the 19th and 20th century Sweden (Håkan Lobell 1995, 2000 and 2002), the development of monetary theory in early 19th century Sweden (Håkan Lobell and Lars Pettersson) and Sweden's entry and role in the Bretton Woodssystem (Göran Ahlström and Benny Carlsson). (lu.se)
  • In the 18th century, the common shorthand for originalism was "finding the intent of the makers. (i2i.org)
  • British cities such as Liverpool, Bristol, and to a large extent London, were literally built from its profits during the 18th century. (socialismtoday.org)
  • The research was initially aimed at economic policy and money and prices in 18th century Sweden (see Göran Ahlström 1972, 1974, 1989), foreign trade and finance (Gunnar Fridlizius 1959 and 1981) and the history of financial institutions (see Göran Ahlström, Lars Pettersson and Lennart Schön 1989). (lu.se)
  • During the 15th and 16th centuries, quarantine and sanitary cordons were imposed. (cdc.gov)
  • The most efficient system of prevention and control was established in north-central Italy by the cities of Venice, Genoa, Florence, and Milan during the 14th and 15th centuries. (cdc.gov)
  • Angelerio imposed rules and antiepidemic measures new to the 16th-century sanitary system of Sardinia. (cdc.gov)
  • Consequently, through special laws, administrative institutions were created to manage the organization of the sanitary system during plague outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • This paper presents an overview of this trade from the 13th to the 16th centuries, when foreign traders, nomad communities and urban dwellers collaborated to establish a network of exchanges and interactions which spread throughout the Horn of Africa. (openedition.org)
  • Since the 13th century, when Buddhism collapsed in India due to the proximate cause of Muslim hostility, and when Jainism also became a shrunken entity in the India religious landscape, it has been Vedanta coupled with the discipline part of Patanjala Yoga (as opposed to its dualistic vision part) that has been prevailing. (esamskriti.com)
  • [1] Most modern forms of communism are grounded at least nominally in Marxism , a theory and method conceived by Karl Marx during the 19th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stimulated by earlier observations that epidemic diseases were transported by ships, the notion of quarantines began being developed in the early 14th century. (cdc.gov)
  • There are two distinct eras of wokou piracy: 1) mostly in the 14th century and 2) mostly in the 16th century. (factsanddetails.com)
  • The main driver of the warming from the Little Ice Age to 1940 was the warming sun with a small contribution from volcanic activity. (skepticalscience.com)
  • miasma also could be let out from the ground by volcanic activity or particular constellations of planets. (cdc.gov)
  • Volcanic activity was high during this period of history, and we know from modern studies of volcanism that eruptions can have strong cooling effects on the climate for several years after an eruption. (skepticalscience.com)
  • The most likely influence during this period is variable output from the sun combined with pronounced volcanic activity. (skepticalscience.com)
  • At the end of the first decade of the 21st century we find that our conception of the world has taken on a particular form, one of nodes situated in networks. (digitalhumanities.org)
  • This discourse has emerged over a period of more than one hundred years, and now, in the beginning of the 21st century, has arguably become a dominant discourse within Western culture. (digitalhumanities.org)
  • [7] As of the 21st century, only a small number of Marxist-Leninist states remain, namely China , Cuba , Laos , North Korea and Vietnam . (wikipedia.org)
  • The early wokou mostly set up camp on Japanese outlying islands, as opposed to the 16th century wokou who were mostly non-Japanese. (factsanddetails.com)
  • Yet it was only during the early stages of capitalist society that racial theories were advanced, and then incorporated into the ideology of the ruling class. (socialismtoday.org)
  • French majors learn to think analytically and critically in courses on literature, culture, linguistics, film, and art, and they acquire clarity of thought and expression through frequent writing assignments and speaking activities. (ohio.edu)
  • Frequent writing assignments and speaking activities reinforce clarity of thought and expression, and small classes offer individual attention and encourage dialog, collaboration, and openness. (ohio.edu)
  • The history of the Netherlands in the 17th century is generally described in superlatives - the "Golden Age" or "A Miracle Mirrored", to name just two titles from among the more important studies. (ieg-ego.eu)
  • However, when this success story is viewed from a pan-European perspective, it also becomes clear that the 17th century rise of the Netherlands did not take place in isolation but was embedded in overriding and interconnected economic, social and cultural cross-border processes. (ieg-ego.eu)
  • With examples taken from historical documents and the current scholarly discussion, this contribution interprets the Dutch 17th century in terms of a history of European interconnections and self-perceptions. (ieg-ego.eu)
  • 2 And indeed even in the 17th century this development was perceived and observed with amazement far beyond the republic's borders. (ieg-ego.eu)
  • But even if contemporary images and judgments must be considered in the context of underlying mental and intellectual pre-conceptions and attitudes, and with regard to specific political and social constellations, still a number of tendencies in the perception of the Netherlands in the 17th century can be generalized. (ieg-ego.eu)
  • An overview of the major events and movements during the first half of the 'short' twentieth century. (uwindsor.ca)
  • In the first part, we examine the intellectual and exegetical legacies of twentieth-century Shi'i scholars, whose contributions constituted a major shift in Islamic social theory. (lu.se)
  • This question is addressed in an analysis which examines the various factors that drove climate since the 19th Century ( Meehl 2004 ). (skepticalscience.com)
  • This interdisciplinary course examines global climate from a historical perspective, beginning with the formation of the solar system and continuing through geologic time to the present. (stlawu.edu)
  • Although Marxist theory suggested that the places ripest for social revolution , either through peaceful transition or by force of arms, were industrial societies, communism was mostly successful in underdeveloped countries with endemic poverty such as the Russian Empire and the Republic of China . (wikipedia.org)
  • By 1985, one-third of the world's population lived under a Marxist-Leninist system of government in one form or another. (wikipedia.org)
  • [1] However, there was significant debate among communist and Marxist ideologues as to whether most of these countries could be meaningfully considered Marxist at all since many of the basic components of the Marxist system were altered and revised by such countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Starting from the standpoint of this radical critical theory, the new transformative reflection undertook a critique of the value and commodity forms, a critique that necessarily had to encompass the Marxist ontology of labor as well. (libcom.org)
  • If the author wants to explore the connotation and logic of Marxist theory, Marxist classic text is its foundation and origin. (atlantis-press.com)
  • In a capitalist system, individuals and businesses aim to generate profits by producing goods or services that are in demand in the market. (jittery.com)
  • In a capitalist system, individuals are free to engage in trade based on their own self-interests and preferences. (jittery.com)
  • In a capitalist system, individuals and businesses have the right to own and control property, including land, factories, and other productive resources. (jittery.com)
  • In a capitalist system, individuals and businesses are free to enter markets, produce goods and services, and compete with one another. (jittery.com)
  • Hence, since the 19th century, the term "bourgeoisie" usually is politically and sociologically synonymous with the ruling upper class of a capitalist society. (bharatpedia.org)
  • Commesso is a technique of fashioning pictures with thin, cut-to-shape pieces of brightly colored, semiprecious stones, developed in Florence in the late 16th century. (semiprecious.com)
  • This course samples widely from a range of religious traditions to come to a better understanding of the diverse ways that people have developed for interacting with animals, plants, water, and the land, and how those behaviors work in tandem with systems of knowledge and practice. (stlawu.edu)
  • The author deals with the educational practice she defines Psychodramatic Pedagogy, venturing opinions on the social system we live in which among other names can be called Control Society. (bvsalud.org)
  • The theory was that miasma wa the only cause of epidemic disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Not until the Renaissance, in the decades around 1500, was the theory of miasma expanded to include the idea that healthy persons could be infected by touching infected persons or objects contaminated by them with miasma. (cdc.gov)
  • The Gangetic river system is the world's third largest, draining an area of 390,000 square miles, home to half a billion people. (hinduismtoday.com)
  • However, solar activity leveled off after 1940 and the net influence from sun and volcano since 1940 has been slight cooling. (skepticalscience.com)
  • This course looks at the different forms of contact between Europeans and the rest of the world during their first period of imperial expansion (15 th -18 th Century). (uwindsor.ca)
  • The Little Ice Age was a cooler period spanning the 16th to the 19th century. (skepticalscience.com)
  • During the medieval period and well into the 16th century, western Somaliland was part of a series of Muslim kingdoms which thrived thanks to the trade routes that connected the Red Sea with the interior of the Horn of Africa. (openedition.org)
  • More detailed information about our activity can be found on website efc2012.pzk.org.pl There are two awards which can be earned during this period, as well as many interesting QSL cards and prizes. (irts.ie)
  • The beginning and end of this period are subject to various interpretations, but the period is referred to as the Little Ice Age (LIA) and occurred between the 16th to 19th centuries. (skepticalscience.com)
  • In reality, Mann said, ancient Americans were one of the biggest greenhouse gas emitters in the history of the world, and their vanishing from the Americas was likely the cause of the Little Ice Age, a period of cooling between the 16th and 19th centuries. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • 1 This lack of organized, comprehensive information affects our understanding of a series of key topics on the history of the region, including the functioning of trade networks in this area of the Red Sea, the arrival and spread of Islam in Africa and the emergence of medieval Muslim kingdoms in the Horn from the 10th century onwards. (openedition.org)
  • According to the History of Ming, thirty percent of the 16th century wokou were Japanese, seventy percent were ethnic Chinese. (factsanddetails.com)
  • By in the history of thyroid disease, starting with a brief outline of the evolution of mod- the end of the 19th century a number of ern endocrinology. (who.int)
  • Milwaukee Fire Department is not a strictly text history, but rather a photographic one, consisting almost entirely of black-and-white photographs from the past century and a half, each photograph sporting a brief caption detailing its origin. (midwestbookreview.com)
  • Chapters provide a history of the IB, its increasing introduction in American school systems, and how it makes a difference in the transition to college. (midwestbookreview.com)
  • This is a result of its incorporation as a figure within two different disciplines: the study of graphs and graph theory in mathematics (which will lead to Paul Baran's work on distributed communications [ Baran 1964 ], social network analysis, and graph databases), and studies of brain structure in neuroscience. (digitalhumanities.org)
  • Graph theory plays its role in contemporary information technology as well, as will be seen in the example of the Freebase graph database discussed in the conclusion of this paper, but the popular dissemination of the nodalistic trope owes much more to assumptions about brain structure and function than it does to mathematics. (digitalhumanities.org)
  • When comparing capitalism to other economic systems such as socialism or communism , several key distinctions emerge. (jittery.com)
  • Latin and South America developed larger state systems with bureaucratic governance. (thothios.com)
  • It provides additional knowledge beyond that attainable from other fields (ecology, chemistry, hydrology, human and environmental sciences), and allows the river system to be studied in all temporal dimensions, from the channel to the floodplain, from the mountainous reaches to estuarine or deltaic river mouths (Brierley and Fryirs, 2005). (openedition.org)
  • According to another theory the word Agate comes from the Achates River in Sicily, now known as the Drillo River, which still remains a major source of this stone. (semiprecious.com)
  • And this isn't even the first time that mummies have been shown to have the signs of atherosclerosis - Egyptian mummies autopsied over a century ago also had evidence of the disease. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • The audience…was thoroughly engaged by his vivid descriptions based on new theories of the pre-Columbian Americas supporting millions of people who transformed the environment through the use of fire and other means, but who were then virtually wiped out by diseases brought by European explorers and those who came later," Roens said. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • While there are exceptions and variations across the Americas, the following were common features of state systems in the Americas. (thothios.com)
  • The class has a substantial focus on environmental ethics, and thinks hard about how different religious systems might contribute to either or both environmental degradation and solutions to environmental problems. (stlawu.edu)
  • and the effects of human evolution on the global climate system. (stlawu.edu)
  • Scientists have examined several important strands of evidence about the LIA, including the activity of the sun, of volcanoes, and ocean heat circulation, principle drivers of natural climate change. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Taken in isolation, the LIA might cast doubt on the theory of climate change. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Considered alongside the empirical evidence, model predictions and a century of scientific research into the climate, recovery from the LIA is not a plausible theory to explain the observed evidence and rate of global climate change. (skepticalscience.com)
  • The basic tenets of miasmatic-contagionistic theory governed the actions and epidemic countermeasures of governments and municipal councils and their medical advisers. (cdc.gov)
  • This Offers book has systems and data purchase famous links of governments after being a number or good phone. (mastgroup.net)
  • Yet while the far-right have provided some focus for anti-racist activity they remain a small factor in the development of racism in society. (socialismtoday.org)
  • Central to this process was the development of the black slave trade from the late 16th century. (socialismtoday.org)
  • Now joining secular humanist and Catholic proponents is a growing number of evangelicals, who suggest forsaking historic Protestant skepticism toward natural law theory in hope of finding a strategy for restoring moral foundations in Western culture without revealing faith in God or the supernatural. (erlc.com)
  • This was the Fracastoro miasmatic-contagionistic theory of cross-infection and epidemic spread. (cdc.gov)
  • At its core, capitalism is an economic system that emphasizes individual freedom, private property rights , and the allocation of resources based on market forces. (jittery.com)
  • How does capitalism differ from other economic systems? (jittery.com)
  • Capitalism is an economic system that stands apart from other economic systems due to its unique characteristics and fundamental principles. (jittery.com)
  • Another distinguishing feature of capitalism is the role of market forces in determining prices, allocating resources, and coordinating economic activity. (jittery.com)
  • The study of their activities and influence in the United States, past and present, offers the potential for new interpretations of American society and culture. (freemasoninformation.com)
  • And, to complete the initial panorama, we cannot forget that he also draws attention to the fact that as we criticize the ruling system (which he called "existing"), we should take into account that we are inevitably contaminated by its ideology, its practices and its vices. (bvsalud.org)
  • Professor Ledewitz: "The theory never made any sense either as a matter of language or political theory and was premised on a nihilistic skepticism about the possibility of truth in political affairs. (i2i.org)
  • On the one hand, evangelicals defending traditional Protestant skepticism toward the efficacy of natural law theory include R. Albert Mohler of Southern Seminary,[4] and John Warwick Montgomery of the International Academy of Apologetics, Evangelism and Human Rights,[5] both of whom maintain Carl F. H. Henry's vigorous opposition to evangelicals reducing moral witness in the culture to the philosophical naturalism of secular approaches to natural law. (erlc.com)
  • Ruy Lopez, the famous 16th-century Spanish priest and chess player, once advised, "Sit your opponent with the sun in his eyes. (listverse.com)
  • These elements work together to create an economic system that promotes individual freedom, innovation, efficiency, and prosperity. (jittery.com)
  • In contrast, other economic systems may limit competition or restrict entry into markets in favor of centralized control or equal distribution. (jittery.com)
  • This is the 16th round of Pro Futura Scientia, but only the second time when the prestigious grant goes to an economic historian, and the first time ever to LUSEM. (lu.se)
  • He has also worked extensively on value theory, and has recently completed a major research project on social movements dedicated to principles of direct democracy, direct action, and has written widely on the relation (real and potential) of anthropology and anarchism. (theanarchistlibrary.org)
  • In the late 19th century, for example, war between major industrial powers seemed to be a thing of the past, and this was accompanied by vast growth of both trade, and revolutionary internationalism (of broadly anarchist inspiration). (theanarchistlibrary.org)
  • Students examine these socio-environmental systems through the lens of many disciplines (including natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities) and frameworks (justice, sustainability, resilience, and limits) to understand the environment and to discover solutions to environmental problems. (stlawu.edu)
  • In this workshop session, we examine modes of adaptation and resilience of Shi'i Islam in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, focusing on: (a) the modernization and consolidation of the Ḥawza (seminary center for the education of Shi'i clergymen), (b) the activities of globally interconnected Shi'i public intellectuals, (c) the social life of diasporic and exilic Shi'is in Europe, and (d) the ritual cultures and artistic expressions of Shi'i Islam. (lu.se)
  • But man-made CO2 emissions in the late 19th century were a fraction of current levels. (skepticalscience.com)
  • We aim here only to address whether natural law theory is able, while denying the necessity of faith in anything supernatural, to secure common ground sufficient to restore moral foundations required to sustain social order. (erlc.com)
  • From the mid-19th century, fossils were used as evidence for continental drift - but mainstream scientists didn't buy it until the 1950s. (bigthink.com)
  • From the Dunning-Kruger effect, much in evidence these days, it hopscotches to the curious phenomenon of double-barreleld scientific theories. (bigthink.com)
  • Beyond this, the small Canadian company that is using my treatment in Botswana (anecdotal evidence suggests a 99% success rate in reversing AIDS) has spread its activities into Zambia. (life-enthusiast.com)
  • Our collections date back to the end of the 16th century, but most have been collected over the past 200 years. (lu.se)
  • Mann said field research from the last century has shown that pre-Columbus inhabitants possessed intricate irrigation systems, terra-forming projects and settlements as large as modern-day Salt Lake City. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • This paper focuses on the use of the trope "x is like a node in a network" in works of critical theory, and shows it to be an indicator of a larger discourse, nodalism, that has its origins in 19th century neuroscience and Associationist models of mind. (digitalhumanities.org)
  • Latin America and South America developed larger and more formalized state systems than in North America. (thothios.com)
  • The course surveys the characteristics of natural environments coupled with diverse human populations, explores how those systems function and interact, discusses causes and consequences of environmental degradation, and assesses multifaceted solutions to environmental problems. (stlawu.edu)
  • Our reason for addressing this issue comes from a surge of recent interest in natural law theory that includes some vigorous evangelical champions. (erlc.com)
  • Roman Catholics have long promoted natural law theory, and their ranks today include Robert George of Princeton University, John Finnis of the University of Notre Dame, George Weigel of the Ethics and Public Policy Institute, Timothy Fuller of Colorado College, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, Richard John Neuhaus of First Things, and more recently J. Budziszewski of the University of Texas. (erlc.com)
  • Property is a system of rights that gives people legal control of valuable things, [1] and also refers to the valuable things themselves. (wikipedia.org)