AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
GTP-Binding ProteinsGuanosine TriphosphateGTP Phosphohydrolasesrac GTP-Binding ProteinsGuanosine DiphosphateMolecular Sequence DataMonomeric GTP-Binding ProteinsGuanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)Amino Acid Sequencerab GTP-Binding ProteinsADP-Ribosylation Factorsrho GTP-Binding ProteinsPertussis ToxinVirulence Factors, BordetellaProtein BindingADP Ribose TransferasesBotulinum ToxinsAdenosine Diphosphate RiboseGuanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsThionucleotidesBase SequenceGTPase-Activating ProteinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidrhoA GTP-Binding ProteinCloning, Molecularras ProteinsSignal TransductionMutationPoly(A)-Binding ProteinsKineticsCell MembraneCarrier ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCattleBinding SitesGTP Cyclohydrolasecdc42 GTP-Binding ProteinTacrolimus Binding ProteinsGuanine NucleotidesHydrolysisProtein Structure, TertiaryPoly(A)-Binding Protein IDNA-Binding ProteinsCell LineRecombinant ProteinsGuanylyl ImidodiphosphateInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding ProteinsRNA-Binding ProteinsEscherichia coliModels, MolecularRNA, MessengerRecombinant Fusion ProteinsFatty Acid-Binding ProteinsNuclear ProteinsEnzyme ActivationTransfectionGuanosine MonophosphateTransglutaminasesPeptide Elongation Factor TuTransducinBacterial ProteinsCells, CulturedPoly(A)-Binding Protein IIADP-Ribosylation Factor 1PhosphorylationPeptide Elongation Factor GMutagenesis, Site-DirectedMembrane ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)DynaminsGTP Phosphohydrolase-Linked Elongation FactorsSequence AlignmentTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelTranscription FactorsProtein ConformationHeLa CellsDNA, ComplementaryMolecular WeightInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3Calcium-Binding ProteinsGene Expression RegulationPeriplasmic Binding ProteinsActinsProteinsAdenylosuccinate SynthaseBlotting, Westernrab5 GTP-Binding Proteins3T3 CellsCOS CellsPeptide Elongation FactorsTubulinCalciumTacrolimus Binding Protein 1ADNA PrimersOncogene Protein p21(ras)DNARibosomesLatent TGF-beta Binding Proteinsrab2 GTP-Binding Protein
CDC42GTPaseRac1KinaseCytoskeletonSuperfamilySignal TransductionNucleotideEffectorsKinasesInactive GDP-bound formEffector proteinsGuanosineReceptorsGenesRegulateGEFsDissociationMiceActivationCytoskeletalHigh affinityActivatorPhospholipaseLocalizationPlasma membraneFactorsDomain proteinActiveLysophosphatidic acidComplexMotifInteractionRegulatorMotifsTranscriptionFamily of smallMutationsSubfamiliesCellSwitchesMembraneSubunitsResiduesGeneExperimentally
CDC4228
  • Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases Also called Dbl-homologous (DH) domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The Rho family GTPases Rho, Rac and CDC42 regulate a diverse array of cellular processes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family, consisting of the Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 subfamilies, are implicated in various cell functions, such as cell shape change, cell motility and cytokinesis, through reorganization of actin cytoskeleton. (yeastgenome.org)
  • These proteins are critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling, and they serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • GTPase activator proteins towards Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like small GTPases. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • We now show that rac and cdc42 also stimulate the assembly of multimolecular focal complexes at the plasma membrane. (nih.gov)
  • Activation of cdc42 in Swiss 3T3 cells leads to the sequential activation of rac and then rho, suggesting a molecular model for the coordinated control of cell motility by members of the rho family of GTPases. (nih.gov)
  • The fact that many Rho family effector proteins will specifically recognize the GTP bound form of the protein has been exploited experimentally to develop a powerful affinity purification assay that monitors Rac and Cdc42 protein activation. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The assay uses the Cdc42/Rac Interactive Binding (CRIB) region (also called the p21 Binding Domain, PBD) of the Cdc42 / Rac effector protein, p21 activated kinase 1 (PAK). (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The CRIB/PBD protein motif has been shown to bind specifically to the GTP-bound form of Rac and/or Cdc42 proteins. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The fact that the PBD region of PAK has a high affinity for both GTP-Rac and GTP-Cdc42 and that PAK binding results in a significantly reduced intrinsic and catalytic rate of hydrolysis of both Rac and Cdc42 make it an ideal tool for affinity purification of GTP-Rac and GTP-Cdc42 from cell lysates. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • This includes the highly conserved CRIB region (aa 74-88) plus sequences required for the high affinity interaction with GTP-Rac and GTP-Cdc42. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The PAK-PBD is in the form of a GST fusion protein, which allows one to "pull-down" the PAK-PBD/GTP-Rac (or GTP-Cdc42) complex with glutathione affinity beads. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The assay therefore provides a simple means of quantitating Rac or Cdc42 activation in cells. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The best-characterized molecules are Rho, which controls the stress fibers and focal adhesion formation, and Rac and Cdc42, which regulate membrane ruffling, and filopodium formation, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family, Rac, Cdc42, and Rho control chemotaxis by mediating the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Costimulation with IgE/antigen and CCL3 enhanced Rac and Cdc42 activation but decreased ROCK activation in RBL-CCR1 cells compared with that in the cells stimulated with CCL3 alone. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This disturbance causes a decrease in geranyl geranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which is necessary for the prenylation of guanosin triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein such as for example Rab, Rac, Ras, Cdc42 and Rho [8-12]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Mechanistically, Mig6 requires an intact Cdc42/Rac interactive binding site to exert its inhibitory action, which suggests that Mig6 acts, at least in part, distally from Met, possibly by inhibiting Rho-like GTPases. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This gene encodes a member of a small family of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) metabolizing proteins that contain a CRIB (Cdc42, Rac interactive binding) domain. (maayanlab.cloud)
  • Members of this family of proteins act as effectors of CDC42 function. (maayanlab.cloud)
  • Cdc42 protein: GST tagged: human dominant negative (Cat. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Cdc42 protein: His tagged: human constitutively active (Cat. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Cdc42 protein: His tagged: human wild type (Cat. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • CRIB (Cdc42/Rac interactive binding)-GFP microscopy has revealed that GTP-bound, active Cdc42 is concentrated to growing cell ends accompanied by developed F-actin structures, where the Rga4 GAP is excluded. (escholarship.org)
  • The monopolar Delta pom1 mutant fails to eliminate Rga4 from the nongrowing cell end, resulting in monopolar distribution of GTP-Cdc42 to the growing cell end. (escholarship.org)
  • Conclusions: Pom1 kinase recruited to cell ends by the Tea1-Tea4/Wsh3 complex is essential for proper localization of a GAP for Cdc42, Rga4, which ensures bipolar localization of GTP-bound, active Cdc42. (escholarship.org)
  • However, RhoG does not bind to known Rac1 and Cdc42 effectors, including proteins containing a Cdc42/Rac interacting binding (CRIB) motif. (umbc.edu)
GTPase16
  • The active conformation is promoted by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors, and the inactive state by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) which stimulate the intrinsic GTPase activity of small G proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This gene is highly expressed in fetal brain and encodes a protein of relative molecular mass 91K, named oligophrenin-1, which contains a domain typical of a Rho-GTPase-activating protein (rhoGAP). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • By enhancing their GTPase activity, GAP proteins inactivate small Rho and Ras proteins, so inactivation of rhoGAP proteins might cause constitutive activation of their GTPase targets. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • In particular, we propose that Arg 85 and Asn 194 are involved in binding G proteins and enhancing GTPase activity. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. (novusbio.com)
  • It is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase. (novusbio.com)
  • A common theme of these processes is a dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton which has now emerged as a major switch control mainly carried out by Rho and Rac GTPase subfamilies, playing an acknowledged role in adaptation of cell motility to the microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A structural feature that distinguishes the Rho proteins from other small GTPases is the so-called Rho insert domain located between a β strand and an α helix within the small GTPase domain [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Typically Rho proteins are 190-250 residues long and consist only of the GTPase domain and short terminal C-terminal extensions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within their GTPase domains, they share approximately 30% amino acid identity with the Ras proteins and 40-95% identity within the family. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rho GTPase effectors are a large group of proteins and include actin nucleation promoting molecules, adaptors, as well as kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The interferon-gamma-induced GTPase, mGBP-2, inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by inhibiting NF-kappaB and Rac protein. (umassmed.edu)
  • Role of GTP binding, isoprenylation, and the C-terminal a-helices in the inhibition of cell spreading by the interferon-induced GTPase, mouse guanylate-binding protein-2. (umassmed.edu)
  • Here, we show that activation of the small GTPase Rac is essential for gene expression and for providing spatial information for shear stress-induced cell alignment. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Results: Pom1 kinase physically interacts with Rga4, which has a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) domain for Rho-family GTPase. (escholarship.org)
  • RhoG is a GTPase with high sequence similarity to members of the Rac subfamily, including the regions involved in effector recognition and binding. (umbc.edu)
Rac18
  • In addition, the inactivation of Rho protein by ADP-ribosylation in Rac1 microinjection reduced the formation of actin stress fibres. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transgenic rac1 protein was expressed at levels comparable to endogenous rac levels, with activation of the rac1 signaling pathway resulting in two distinct cardiomyopathic phenotypes: a lethal dilated phenotype associated with neonatal activation of the transgene and a transient cardiac hypertrophy seen among juvenile mice that resolved with age. (jci.org)
  • a ) Ntg (control) or racET samples were labeled for rac1 (rac) or myc (myc) to reveal presence of myc-tagged transgene. (jci.org)
  • This Rac1 antibody was developed against a synthetic peptide from amino acid region 100-150 as a part of human Rac1 conjugated to blue carrier protein. (novusbio.com)
  • Detection of compounds and proteins that enhance Rac1 activity. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • His-tagged Rac1 protein (Cat. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • This directional Rac1 activation is downstream of shear-induced new integrin binding to extracellular matrix. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Instead, RhoG interacts directly with Elmo, an upstream regulator of Rac1, in a GTP-dependent manner and forms a ternary complex with Dock180 to induce activation of Rac1. (umbc.edu)
Kinase9
  • Outcomes Inhibitions of PDGF receptor kinase, the docking proteins element Src-family kinases, as well as the success component PI3K all eradicated PDGF-stimulated ROS creation and corroborated using the suppressed cell development. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Transiently transfected cells with plasmid from little GTP-binding proteins Rac N17 or Ras N17 reduced PDGF actions in ROS era, cell proliferation and MAP kinase activation, while cells with Rac V12 improved the PDGF impact. (thetechnoant.info)
  • signaling in the zoom lens epithelial cells, where concerted efforts from the upstream the different parts of PDGF receptor kinase, Src-family kinases, PI3K, Rac, and Ras protein are needed. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Included in these are Src family members kinases, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phospholipase C (PLC) and little GTP-binding proteins Ras [34-36]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • PKN1 is a stress-responsive protein kinase acting downstream of small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho/Rac family. (crick.ac.uk)
  • The interferon-gamma-induced murine guanylate-binding protein-2 inhibits rac activation during cell spreading on fibronectin and after platelet-derived growth factor treatment: role for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (umassmed.edu)
  • FUNCTIONS IN: protein serine/threonine kinase activity, prote. (riken.jp)
  • Both calcium and DAG activate the kinase activity of protein kinase C beta (PKC). (smpdb.ca)
  • During this highly polarized growth, micro-tubules are responsible for the placement of the cell-end marker proteins, the Teal-Tea4/Wsh3 complex, which recruits the Pom1 DYRK-family protein kinase. (escholarship.org)
Cytoskeleton8
Superfamily6
  • Like all members of the Ras superfamily, the Rho proteins cycle between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformational states. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Rho and rac, two members of the ras-related superfamily of small GTPases, regulate the polymerization of actin to produce stress fibers and lamellipodia, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Rho proteins belong to the Ras superfamily. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rho GTPases are members of the Ras superfamily of GTPases with at least 20 Rho proteins having been characterized. (wjon.org)
  • Human RAS superfamily proteins and related GTPases. (xenbase.org)
  • All six receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily which initiates intracellular signalling cascades via four G protein classes differentiated by their α subunit type: Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13. (smpdb.ca)
Signal Transduction1
  • This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. (cancerindex.org)
Nucleotide6
  • Activation of Rho proteins through release of bound GDP and subsequent binding of GTP, is catalysed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in the Dbl family. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Dbl targets Rho family proteins thereby stimulating their GDP/GTP exchange, and thus is believed to be involved in receptor-mediated regulation of the proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The exchange of GDP to GTP and thus the activation of Rho GTPases is catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which act downstream of numerous growth factor receptors, integrins, cytokine receptors, and cadherins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Donaldson, J. G., Finazzi, D. & Klausner, R. D. Brefeldin A inhibits Golgi membrane-catalysed exchange of guanine nucleotide onto ARF protein. (nature.com)
  • Helms, J. B. & Rothman, J. E. Inhibition by brefeldin A of a Golgi membrane enzyme that catalyses exchange of guanine nucleotide bound to ARF. (nature.com)
  • Morinaga, N., Tsai, S.-C., Moss, J. & Vaughan, M. Isolation of a brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein for ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) 1 and ARF3 that contains a Sec7-like domain. (nature.com)
Effectors4
  • Among other members, we will focus our attention on the Rac and Rho subfamilies, as they are the main effectors of cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In turn, GTP-bound active GTPases can interact with a plethora of different effectors which mediate the different cellular functions of this family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This results in the dissociation of a Gα-GTP monomer and a Gβγ dimer from the receptor which allows both complexes to begin signalling cascades via downstream effectors. (smpdb.ca)
  • Other downstream effectors of Gαi/o include the MAPK/ERK pathway, the PI3K/Akt pathway, and P13K/Rac signalling. (smpdb.ca)
Kinases2
  • This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Among the goals for ROS in vivo may be the reversible oxidation of phosphatases, which as well as proteins tyrosine kinases are in charge of maintaining a standard proteins tyrosine phosphorylation-dephosphorylation homeostasis in cell signaling in vivo [5,14]. (thetechnoant.info)
Inactive GDP-bound form3
  • Like all other GTPases, Rho proteins act as molecular switches, with an active GTP-bound form and an inactive GDP-bound form. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Rho GTPases work as sensitive molecular switches existing either in an inactive, GDP-bound form or an active GTP-bound form. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Rho proteins cycle within the cell between the active GTP-bound form and the inactive GDP-bound form, the cycle being regulated by a number of activators and inhibitors. (wjon.org)
Effector proteins1
  • In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. (novusbio.com)
Guanosine1
Receptors3
  • It is suggested that G-protein-coupled receptors might modulate cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular traffic, and cellular architecture. (jneurosci.org)
  • Its activity is directed by intracellular signals mediated by various types of receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a water-soluble phospholipid derivative and a potent signalling molecule that binds to six known lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs), named LPA1-LPA6. (smpdb.ca)
Genes2
  • To date, 1527 human miRNAs have been identified (Sanger miRBase 18 http://www.miRbase.org/index.shtml), forming less than 1% of all human genes, potentially regulating more than 10% of all protein coding genes [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • This domain occurred 94 times on human genes ( 167 proteins). (umbc.edu)
Regulate2
  • Because most tubulin is not membrane associated, this study investigates whether tubulin translocates to the membrane in response to an agonist so that it might regulate G-protein signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, we have reconstituted these effects in a cell-free system and established that Rho and Rac can regulate clathrin-coated vesicle formation. (elsevierpure.com)
GEFs1
Dissociation1
Mice2
  • T 3 supplementation elevated expression relative to control, resembling the level in dilated racET mice, whereas the nondilated sample shows less protein. (jci.org)
  • Mice deficient in the Rac activator Tiam1 are resistant to Ras-induced skin tumours. (nature.com)
Activation6
  • The time course of this event was concordant both with transactivation of Gαq by the direct transfer of [ 32 P]P 3 (4-azidoanilido)-P 1 -5′-GTP from tubulin as well as with the activation of PLCβ 1 . (jneurosci.org)
  • Rho GDI is a general regulator which forms a complex with the GDP-bound inactive form of the Rho family members and inhibits their activation. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Rac could be involved with regulating the degrees of ROS after ligand-evoked activation [16-19] or it could serve as an activator for cytosolic phospholipase A2, which produces arachidonic acid in the membrane for mobile features [20]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • These results suggest that costimulation via FcεRI and CCR1 engagements induced 1) inhibition of membrane ruffling, 2) decreased ROCK activation, and 3) reciprocal imbalance between Small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family, which result in the inhibition of chemotaxis of RBL-CCR1 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We found that Tiam1 is required for chemokine- and S1P-induced Rac activation and subsequent cell migration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Upon activation and cleavage of C3, C3b is formed as a major fragment that covalently binds to its target (see Table 1). (medscape.com)
Cytoskeletal3
  • The immunofluorescence following the increase of vinculin and talin, two cytoskeletal proteins, at the intracellular face of the plasma membrane with Val14rhoA microinjection showed the association of focal adhesions with the end of the new stress fibres. (wikipedia.org)
  • One member of this family, rac, induces actin cytoskeletal reorganization in nonmuscle cells and hypertrophic changes in cultured cardiomyocytes. (jci.org)
  • Cytoskeletal proteins appear to be involved in the control of intracellular signaling. (jneurosci.org)
High affinity1
Activator2
  • The Rac activator Tiam1 controls efficient T-cell trafficking and route of transendothelial migration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we have analyzed the function of the Rac activator Tiam1 in the control of T-cell trafficking and transendothelial migration. (ox.ac.uk)
Phospholipase1
  • The microtubule protein tubulin regulates adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase Cβ 1 (PLCβ 1 ) signaling via transactivation of the G-protein subunits Gαs, Gαi1, and Gαq. (jneurosci.org)
Localization3
  • cellular components containing CDC42EP3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)
  • cellular components containing CDC42EP3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)
  • cellular components co-occuring with CDC42EP3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)
Plasma membrane2
  • In contrast to these well established effects of Rho and Rac on plasma membrane morphology and bulk pinocytosis, there has been no evidence for their involvement in the regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis in clathrin-coated pits. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is prenylated at its C-terminus, and localizes to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. (cancerindex.org)
Factors5
  • In parallel with this experiment, Hall showed that the presence of Rac, another Ras-related GTP-binding protein, is implicated in the regulation of the actin organisation in presence of extracellular growth factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, Rho-dependent response is stimulated by the action of growth factors on Rac protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transcription is regulated by proteins called sigma factors. (tcr-signal.com)
  • DRAM2 overexpression also increased proteins CDK4, CyclinD3, and decreased p27 expression, all of which are cell cycle-related factors. (cancerindex.org)
  • transcription factors binding the promoter of CDC42EP3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)
Domain protein1
  • Brefeldin A acts to stabilize an abortive ARF-GDP-Sec7 domain protein complex: involvement of specific residues of the Sec7 domain. (nature.com)
Active2
  • The Rho switch operates by alternating between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The proteins are available in wild-type, constitutively active and dominant negative forms. (cytoskeleton.com)
Lysophosphatidic acid1
  • After size fractionation of FCS and analysis of the lipids that bound to serum albumin, the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was found to be responsible for the serum activity that induced stress fibre formation. (wikipedia.org)
Complex1
  • This review will focus on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and in the complex relationship driving the reciprocal control between Rac and Rho granting for the opportunistic motile behaviour of aggressive cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Motif1
  • Most Rho proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. (umbc.edu)
Interaction2
  • The interaction of tubulin with these polypeptides involves a GTP transfer from the exchangeable GTP-binding site (E site) of tubulin to Gα, which activates the G-protein (transactivation) ( Roychowdhury and Rasenick, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Residues conserved across the rhoGAP family are largely confined to one face of this bundle, which may be an interaction site for target G proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Regulator1
  • Ras could be recruited and anchored onto the internal surface area of cell membrane where it really is modified and turned on to Ras-GTP buy Kinetin [29,30], being a mobile redox regulator [16,31]. (thetechnoant.info)
Motifs1
  • It does not share significant sequence homology with other subtypes of small G-protein GEF motifs such as the Cdc25 domain and the Sec7 domain, which specifically interact with Ras and ARF family small GTPases, respectively, nor with other Rho protein interactive motifs, indicating that the Dbl family proteins are evolutionarily unique. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Transcription1
  • transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of CDC42EP3 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)
Family of small1
Mutations1
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Subfamilies1
  • Our data establish that the 20 mammalian Rho members are structured into 8 subfamilies, among which Rac is the founder of the whole family. (xenbase.org)
Cell3
  • Here, we show the association of Dbl with G protein betagamma subunits (Gbetagamma) in transient co-expression and cell-free systems. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The precise binding of the molecules can start signaling pathways resulting in cell proliferation and motility [37,38]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Analysis of the T-cell transendothelial migration cascade revealed that PKCzeta/Tiam1/Rac signaling is dispensable for T-cell arrest but is essential for the stabilization of polarization and efficient crawling of T cells on endothelial cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Switches1
  • G proteins are an important class of regulatory switches in all living systems. (nature.com)
Membrane4
  • The inhibition of endogenous Rac function by mutants N17rac and V12rac1 prevented growth factor-induced membrane ruffling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The small Ras-related G proteins Rho and Rac have a regulatory role in membrane ruffling and activated Rho has been shown to stimulate pinocytosis when microinjected into Xenopus oocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Research have revealed which the likely supply for ROS era may be the membrane-bound superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase [15]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rho proteins. (umbc.edu)
Subunits1
  • Association of the proto-oncogene product dbl with G protein betagamma subunits. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Residues2
  • The proteins encoded by members of the Dbl family share a common domain, presented in this entry, of about 200 residues (designated the Dbl homology or DH domain) that has been shown to encode a GEF activity specific for a number of Rho family members. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The PAK-PBD protein supplied in this kit corresponds to residues 67-150. (cytoskeleton.com)
Gene1
Experimentally1
  • This means that the indicated PPI was experimentally demonstrated using Arabidopsis thaliana proteins as model of study. (bioinfoguy.net)