• The aim of this study was to detect risk factors for multidrug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in four European Union countries: France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • A prospective epidemiological case control study was conducted, made up of patients with clinically diagnosed and microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in the four countries between 1997 and 2000. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • 85% of sputum smear-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis under treatment.1 It also noted the development of the Stop TB Strategy2 as a comprehensive approach to overcome constraints to control tuberculosis, and welcomed the Stop TB Partnership's Global Plan to Stop TB 2006-2015,3 which is underpinned by the Strategy. (who.int)
  • The internationally agreed target for 2005 of a treatment success rate of at least 85% under the DOTS strategy was reached globally in 2006, but the case detection rate in 2008 of 61% of patients with sputum smear- positive pulmonary tuberculosis lagged behind the 71% target expected in the Global Plan. (who.int)
  • Direct sputum smear microscopy is the most widely used means for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and is available in most primary health-care laboratories at health-centre level. (bvsalud.org)
  • All patients with pulmonary tuberculosis that is resistant to rifampin (RIF) or to both RIF and isoniazid who initiate an all-oral treatment regimen (short or long) under routine or operational conditions, per local country guidance, will be included. (who.int)
  • Acquired MDR-TB develops when a person with a non-resistant strain of TB is treated inadequately, resulting in the development of antibiotic resistance in the TB bacteria infecting them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has a variety of causes, but resistance usually due to treatment failure, drug combinations, coinfections, prior use of anti-TB medications, inadequate absorption of medication, underlying disease, and noncompliance with anti-TB drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some mechanisms of drug resistance include: Cell wall: The cell wall of M. tuberculosis (TB) contains complex lipid molecules which act as a barrier to stop drugs from entering the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, strains of M. tuberculosis that are re- and resistance to all fi rst-line drugs was more frequent (36% sistant to second-line drugs are also emerging. (cdc.gov)
  • Seventy- resistance of M. tuberculosis to any fl uoroquinolone and four (40%) of these 184 patients received treatment with to at least one of the injectable drugs (capreomycin, kana- linezolid. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB (defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs) require longer, more expensive treatment regimens than drug-susceptible TB, with poorer treatment success [ 2 ], [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • The most common mutations linked to low-level of BDQ resistance are present in Rv0678 gene coding for the M. tuberculosis repressor of MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Of particular concern is the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB defined by bacillary resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB, which is MDR-TB with additional resistance to any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of the three second-line injectable drugs (kanamycin, amikacin and capreomycin). (ersjournals.com)
  • Results from studies on Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis prevalence carried out in 2008 in two pilot regions of Tajikistan revealed that multidrug resistance concerned 16% of new infections and 60% of prior infections. (fondation-merieux.org)
  • On a larger scale, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, is a global problem, affecting approximately 500,000 individuals worldwide. (contagionlive.com)
  • Programmatic management of drug resistance tuberculosis 2011-2014 [Internet]. (e-trd.org)
  • Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major public health problem that threatens the progress made in tuberculosis care and control worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Globally, 5% of TB cases were estimated to have developed multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) (defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin) in 2013 (3.5% new and 20.5% previously treated TB cases). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistance to second-line TB drugs among MDR-TB cases detected in the Fourth National Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Viet Nam. (who.int)
  • Of those, 15 cases (17.9%) had ofloxacin resistance and 6.0% were resistant to kanamycin and capreomycin. (who.int)
  • By the end of 2016, 123 countries had reported at least one case of extensively drug-resistant strains, which are MDR-TB strains that have acquired additional resistance to fluoroquinolones and at least one second-line injectable. (wustl.edu)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as resistance to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), and it complicates the implementation of tuberculosis control programmes. (omu.edu.tr)
  • These risk factors will have to be taken into account in the European Union as a whole, as well as in each individual country, to establish a health policy of monitoring and control for these cases of multidrug resistance. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Dame Sally said the 'catastrophic threat' from infections resistant to frontline antibiotics is so serious that she has asked the Government to put antibiotic resistance on the national risk register - ranking it alongside a large-scale terrorist attack or flu pandemic. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • There was studied the profile of drug resistance to the main (I line) and reserve (II line) antituberculosis drugs in patients with MDR and XDR tuberculosis, depending of the case of the disease. (researchbib.com)
  • Policy statement: automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid and simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: Xpert MTB/RIF system. (bvsalud.org)
  • Xpert MTB/RIF detects M. tuberculosis as well as rifampicin resistance-conferring mutations directly from sputum, in an assay providing results within two hours. (bvsalud.org)
  • There is no cross-reactivity with non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and TB and rifampicin resistance were correctly detected in the presence of non-tuberculous DNA or mixed susceptible and resistant strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • To this aim, in this work an in vitro generation of M. tuberculosis mutants resistant to BDQ was performed starting from two MDR clinical isolates as parental cultures. (frontiersin.org)
  • The two M. tuberculosis MDR clinical isolates were firstly characterized by whole genome sequencing, finding the main mutations responsible for their MDR phenotype. (frontiersin.org)
  • A total of 64 MDR isolates (i.e., at least resistant to RMP and INH), 5 fully susceptible strains and 1 RMP sensitive strains by conventional proportion method were analyzed using Genotype MTBDRplus assay. (nepjol.info)
  • METHOD: Consecutive M. tuberculosis isolates identified as MDR-TB during August 2007 to January 2008 using the BACTEC MGIT 960 systems and the agar proportion method were included in this study. (up.ac.za)
  • Interestingly, selection for isoniazid-resistant mutants of the methionine auxotroph generated isolates with single point mutations in katG, which encodes an isoniazid-activating enzyme, whereas similar selection using the arginine auxotroph yielded isoniazid-resistant mutants with large deletions in the chromosomal region containing katG. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A total of 237 M.tuberculosis complex (MTC) isolates that were identified by the same method (BD MGIT (TM) TBc Identification Test, USA) from nine different medical centers in Turkey were included in the study. (omu.edu.tr)
  • 93 isolates (39.2%) were resistant (MDR) and 119 isolates (50.2%) were susceptible to both of the drugs determined with the reference susceptibility test. (omu.edu.tr)
  • In the study, five INH-resistant isolates determined with reference method were found susceptible with NRT and eight INH-susceptible isolates determined with reference method were found resistant with NRT. (omu.edu.tr)
  • In contrast, one RIF-resistant isolate determined with reference method was found susceptible with NRT and three RIF-susceptible determined isolates were found resistant with NRT. (omu.edu.tr)
  • Results: Out of 61 phenotypically EMB resistant isolates, 53 had mutations in embB. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • To fight MDR and XDR tuberculosis, three new antitubercular drugs, bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid, and pretomanid were approved for use in clinical setting. (frontiersin.org)
  • RARITAN, N.J., September 5, 2012 - Janssen Research & Development, LLC (Janssen) announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Priority Review to the New Drug Application (NDA) for bedaquiline (TMC207) to treat pulmonary, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in adults as part of combination therapy. (jnj.com)
  • If approved, bedaquiline would offer the first in a new class of anti-tuberculosis drugs for patients suffering from this serious and deadly disease," said Wim Parys, M.D., Head of the Infectious Diseases therapeutic area at Janssen. (jnj.com)
  • In our country, Indonesia, either bedaquiline or delamanid is used for 6 months if the patient is intolerant, contraindicated, or resistant to a fluoroquinolone or second-line injectable antituberculosis drugs. (e-trd.org)
  • The rejection of the salt form of bedaquiline is welcome news for people with drug-resistant tuberculosis. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
  • Access to affordable generic versions of bedaquiline is presently being blocked by J&J's secondary patents in at least 25 of the 43 countries with a high burden of TB or drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). (msfaccess.org)
  • We are deeply concerned that the persistent high price of bedaquiline will continue to block countries from rolling out the newer, shorter, game-changing, all-oral regimens for treating deadly, drug-resistant forms of TB. (msfaccess.org)
  • Guidelines for establishing DOTS-Plus pilot projects for the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) / writing committee: Scientific Panel of the WHO Working Group on DOTS-Plus for MDR-TB. (who.int)
  • Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. (wustl.edu)
  • If you stop taking pretomanid too soon or skip doses, your infection may not be completely treated and the bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because XDR TB is resistant to the most potent TB drugs, patients are left with treatment options that are much less effective. (cdc.gov)
  • seven (41%) of 18 HIV-infected patients identified in a nosocomial TB outbreak investigation in Italy developed active disease within 60 days of their exposure to M. tuberculosis, and 11 (38%) of 29 persons in a residential facility for HIV-infected persons in San Francisco developed active disease within 4 months of exposure (6-8). (cdc.gov)
  • When the infecting strain of M. tuberculosis is susceptible to INH and patients adhere to the drug regimen, INH is highly effective for preventing active TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Background Although new molecular diagnostic tests such as GenoType MTBDRplus and Xpert® MTB/RIF have reduced multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment initiation times, patients' experiences of diagnosis and treatment initiation are not known. (sun.ac.za)
  • MDR-TB (multi-drug resistant tuberculosis) in China is still stuck in a tough situation due to the lack of unified and standardized management for MDR-TB patients in clinical practice, poor treatment compliance, irregular use of medicine, loss to follow-up, treatment refusal and so on1-4. (researchsquare.com)
  • We're grateful for this support from UNITAID, and particularly for their partnership, with which we're hoping to make diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis more effective and more tolerable for patients, as well as more readily accessible and lower-cost," says Paul Farmer, MD, PhD, co-founder of Partners In Health and chief of BWH's Division of Global Health Equity. (bwhglobalhealthhub.org)
  • 1 ], also reported that MDR-TB patients with age older than 65 years old, low body mass index, history of tuberculosis (TB) treatment, bilateral lung lesions, and pre or extensively drug-resistant TB were significantly associated with treatment failure. (e-trd.org)
  • Treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: comparison of pre- and post-public-private mix periods. (e-trd.org)
  • In this paper, the authors compared the semi-parametric model to shared frailty models by studying the time-to-death of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). (openpublichealthjournal.com)
  • Secondary data from 1 542 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients were used in this study. (openpublichealthjournal.com)
  • Time to sputum culture conversion and treatment outcome of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study from urban China. (chinacdc.cn)
  • Health care providers can help prevent drug-resistant TB by quickly diagnosing cases, following recommended treatment guidelines, monitoring patients' response to treatment, and making sure therapy is completed. (cdc.gov)
  • Another way to prevent getting drug-resistant TB is to avoid exposure to known drug-resistant TB patients in closed or crowded places such as hospitals, prisons, or homeless shelters. (cdc.gov)
  • Cycloserine (CS) is a second-line anti-tuberculosis drug whose serum concentrations in tuberculosis (TB) patients are largely unknown. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • METHODS: Multidrug-resistant TB patients who were taking CS in a tertiary care centre in northern Taiwan between 1 April 2009 and 31 October 2009 were enrolled in the study. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Progress has been made in testing tuberculosis patients for HIV infection, but provision of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy, the two crucial interventions for HIV-positive tuberculosis patients, is about one third of that targeted in the Global Plan. (who.int)
  • Figures from the Health Protection Agency (HPA) show that instances of 'multidrug resistant' tuberculosis were 81 in 2011, up from just 28 in 2000, with around half of the patients dying. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • AIDS patients are much more likely to develop tuberculosis because of their weakened immune systems. (encyclopedia.com)
  • According to the randomized retrospective research 200 patients with MDR and XDR tuberculosis, who received treatment in the clinic of hospital Municipal institution ?Dnipropetrovsk rigional clinical association ?Phthisiology? (researchbib.com)
  • TB was revealed in 7.5% of patients with MDR tuberculosis. (researchbib.com)
  • In patients with MDR tuberculosis as compared with patients with XDR tuberculosis ?new cases? (researchbib.com)
  • Pharmacogenetic studies suggest that patients with certain CYP-450 genotypes may be more predisposed to hepatotoxicity during INH therapy for latent tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
  • TB cases are on the increase, and the most serious aspect of the problem is the recent occurrence of outbreaks of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, which pose an urgent public health problem and require rapid intervention. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have posed challenges for the management of exposed persons. (cdc.gov)
  • During 1990 and 1991, four outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuber- culosis (MDR-TB), involving nearly 200 cases, were investigated by CDC and local health departments in Florida and New York City (1,2). (cdc.gov)
  • Globally, in 2018 about half a million TB infections were rifampicin-resistant, of which 78% were multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Among these cases, 6.2% were estimated to have extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 600,000 cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/rifampin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis in 2016, defined as strains that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. (wustl.edu)
  • Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious and emerging public health problem and a health security threat to the world (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). (academicjournals.org)
  • 2009). In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported an estimated 480,000 new cases of MDR-TB globally and an extra 100,000 people with RIF resistant TB (RR-TB). (academicjournals.org)
  • Since the publication of the Tuberculosis handbook by the World Health Organization in 1998, important changes have taken place in the global context in which control of tuberculosis (TB) is carried out. (bvsalud.org)
  • They bring their infections to the U.S. Multidrug resistant TB can be spread from a person with the TB to a person who has never been infected before. (medleague.com)
  • Another worrying trend is the rise in infections resistant to powerful antibiotics called carbapenems, the last line of treatment to tackle the most serious infections. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • Infections Caused by Bacteria Related to Tuberculosis (TB) Many species of mycobacteria exist. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In April 1994, a passenger with infectious multi-drug resistant tuberculosis traveled on commercial-airline flights from Honolulu to Chicago and from Chicago to Baltimore and returned one month later. (nih.gov)
  • There is a growing public health need for new treatment options for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. (jnj.com)
  • Is the Subject Area "Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • The study was performed with an objective to compare Genotype MTBDRplus reverse hybridization probe assay (Hain Lifescince, GmBH, Nehern, Germany) with culture based proportion method for rapidly identifying MDR-TB strains from suspected multi drug resistant cases, referred to GENETUP Kathmandu, Nepal. (nepjol.info)
  • BACKGROUND: The increasing problem of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) [ie resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF)] is becoming a global problem. (up.ac.za)
  • This study aims to explore the effect of multi-disciplinary cooperative complete management mode in the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). (researchsquare.com)
  • Now, we learn that even a more serious problem could be developing in your towns with multi-drug resistant TB in a few refugees and other immigrants. (drrichswier.com)
  • Two refugees and a foreign student on a visa brought multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) to Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 2009 and 2011, according to a 2014 article in an epidemiology publication written with the cooperation of the doctors who treated them. (drrichswier.com)
  • Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a critical global public health problem. (chinacdc.cn)
  • Background: Ethambutol (EMB) is an important anti-tuberculosis drug used in the management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Association of Previous Smoking Habit and Perceived Social Discrimination with the Risk of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Nepal. (bvsalud.org)
  • We describe the introduction of various multi-drug resistant bacterial strains, including an NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, through a traveller returning from Egypt, where they had been admitted to a private hospital. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • As MDR-TB strains are often resistant to one or more second-line anti-TB drugs, in-depth genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing is needed to construct personalised treatment regimens to improve treatment outcomes. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • To describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, treatments, subsequent outcomes and complications of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases residing in the Northern Territory. (nt.gov.au)
  • Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of undernutrition on sputum culture conversion and treatment outcomes among people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). (edu.au)
  • Although other more effective anti-tuberculosis drugs were developed in the following decades, the number of cases of TB in the United States began to rise again in the mid-1980s. (encyclopedia.com)
  • These triple auxotrophic strains retained their acid-fastness, their ability to generate both a drug persistence phenotype and drug-resistant mutants, and their susceptibility to plaque-forming mycobacterial phages. (elsevierpure.com)
  • There were an estimated 9.2 million new TB cases and 1.7 1Additional German Tuberculosis Network European Trials group million deaths from TB in 2006 ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • It was estimated in 2015 that 10.4 million individuals were infected with M. tuberculosis , leading to 1.8 million associated deaths. (contagionlive.com)
  • WHO's estimates also indicate that in 2008 there were 11 million prevalent cases of tuberculosis, with 1.3 million deaths, and an additional 505 000 deaths associated with HIV/tuberculosis coinfection. (who.int)
  • The drug-resistant gut bug alone, which is picked up in hospital in half of cases, could be responsible for up to 2,500 deaths in 2011 - more than MRSA and C. difficile combined. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • There were an estimated 9.9 million new cases of symptomatic tuberculosis and an estimated 1.5 million deaths from the disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In May 2009, recognizing the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, the Health Assembly in resolution WHA62.15 urged all Member States to achieve universal access to diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as part of the transition to universal health coverage. (who.int)
  • The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) poses a major health security threat and could risk gains made in the fight against TB. (who.int)
  • MDR triple auxotrophic mutants were obtained in a two-step fashion, selecting first for solely isoniazid-resistant or rifampin-resistant mutants. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Some forms of TB are also resistant to second-line medications, and are called extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). (wikipedia.org)
  • Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of MDR TB that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). (cdc.gov)
  • Pre-Extensively Drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR TB) is a type of MDR TB caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and a fluroquinolone OR by TB bacteria that are resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and a second-line injectable (amikacin, capreomycin, and kanamycin). (cdc.gov)
  • World TB Day celebrated on 24 March each year, is an opportunity to raise awareness about the burden of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide and the status of TB prevention and care efforts. (who.int)
  • The GeneXpert diagnostic testing technology from the US corporation Cepheid, and its parent company Danaher, has revolutionised rapid, accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and other diseases, since entering the market in 2010. (msfaccess.org)
  • Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of tuberculosis, including the medications used, have been established by the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). (medscape.com)
  • Currently the majority of multidrug-resistant cases of TB are due to one strain of TB bacteria called the Beijing lineage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations: Spontaneous mutations in the TB genome can alter proteins which are the target of drugs, making the bacteria drug-resistant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes drug-resistant TB occurs when bacteria become resistant to the drugs used to treat TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Drug-resistant TB is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least one first-line anti-TB drug. (cdc.gov)
  • It works by killing the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of M. tuberculosis and related mycobacteria is now routine, allowing comparisons across time and space. (jci.org)
  • The radiograph shows a classic posterior segment right upper lobe density consistent with active tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
  • These strains originate from a double auxotrophic M. tuberculosis strain, H37Rv ΔpanCD ΔleuCD, which was reclassified as a BSL2 strain based on its lack of lethality in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • And a deadly strain of tuberculosis which cannot be dealt with by most treatments has trebled in Britain in little over a decade. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • b Centre for Operational Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France. (who.int)
  • Cases were identified by the Northern Territory Centre for Disease Control (NT CDC): the public health unit responsible for the management of tuberculosis in the Northern Territory. (nt.gov.au)
  • Some strains of organisms are resistant to nearly every antibiotic. (medleague.com)
  • Gonorrhea - this sexually transmitted disease is rapidly becoming resistant to the last type of antibiotic that can be used to treat it. (medleague.com)
  • When streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against M. tuberculosis , was discovered in the early 1940s, the infection began to come under control. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The authors found that 1.7% of the pediatric TB cases reported were MDR-TB, with 81% being resistant to at least one other first-line drug and one-third being resistant to at least one second-line drug. (contagionlive.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death treated TB cases, accounting for about 480 000 people in communicable diseases. (who.int)
  • Globally, WHO estimates that 4.1% of new tuberculosis cases and 19% of retreatment cases have MDR-TB. (wustl.edu)
  • In the past five years, the number of cases of blood poisoning from antimicrobial resistant (AMR) forms of E. coli - which is twice as fatal as the normal bug - has gone up 60 per cent. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • Cases of extensively-resistant TB, which resists almost all types of drugs, have also emerged in the UK, with 12 in the past two years - as many as in the previous 15 years. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • Africa is home to over 1 billion inhabitants and is disproportionately affected by TB with 2.6 million of the 10.4 million global tuberculosis cases, making Africa a key geographical area for TB interventions (Ismail et al. (academicjournals.org)
  • In some cases, the vulnerability of immigrants to tuberculosis is increased by occupational exposure, as a recent outbreak of TB among Mexican poultry farm workers in Delaware indicates. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is still an infectious disease of public health importance today. (ersjournals.com)
  • BOSTON/PARIS, October 18, 2021 - 750 patient volunteers from four continents have enrolled in a trial that aims to find safer, shorter, and effective treatments for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), an airborne, infectious disease that has grown resistant to standard medications. (endtb.org)
  • An old enemy of mankind, tuberculosis remains the deadliest infectious disease today. (endtb.org)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS. (who.int)
  • This process accelerates if incorrect or inadequate treatments are used, leading to the development and spread of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). (wikipedia.org)
  • Drug-susceptible TB and drug-resistant TB are spread the same way. (cdc.gov)
  • Drug-resistant TB (DR TB) is spread the same way that drug-susceptible TB is spread. (cdc.gov)
  • The most important way to prevent the spread of drug-resistant TB is to take all TB drugs exactly as prescribed by the health care provider. (cdc.gov)
  • Tuberculosis is spread through coughing or exposure to sputum. (medleague.com)
  • Tuberculosis spread much more widely in Europe when the industrial revolution began in the late nineteenth century. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Tuberculosis is spread mainly when people breathe air contaminated by a person who has active disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A second randomized controlled trial, called endTB-Q, is underway to study a 6-9 month regimen to treat the most resistant form of MDR-TB. (endtb.org)
  • MDR-TB is a form of TB that is resistant to at least the medicines rifampicin (R) and isoniazid (H). This makes it more difficult and expensive to treat. (citizen-news.org)
  • Characteristics of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis detection in China, 2015-2019. (chinacdc.cn)
  • 99.5% of all rifampicin resistant strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is caused by an organism that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs. (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular surveillance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) using 24-loci MIRU-VNTR in the European Union suggests the occurrence of international transmission. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Toman's tuberculosis : case detection, treatment, and monitoring : questions and answers / edited by T. Frieden. (who.int)
  • Tuberculosis case detection, treatment, and monitoring. (who.int)
  • Earlier and improved tuberculosis (TB) case detection - including smear-negative disease, often associated with HIV co-infection - as well as expanded capacity to diagnose multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are global priorities for TB control. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite the availability of curative antituberculosis therapy for nearly half a century, inappropriate and inadequate treatment of tuberculosis, as well as unchecked transmission of M. tuberculosis, has resulted in alarming levels of drug-resistant tuberculosis. (wustl.edu)
  • With the advent of antituberculosis antibiotics in the late 1940s, the battle against tuberculosis seemed to be won. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We reasoned that auxotrophic MDR mutants of M. tuberculosis would provide a safe means for studying MDR M. tuberculosis without the need for a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To circumvent the need for a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory when conducting research on M. tuberculosis, we have generated drug-susceptible and drug-resistant triple auxotrophic strains of M. tuberculosis suitable for use in a BSL2 laboratory. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Tuberculosis treatment monitoring and outcome measures: new interest and new strategies. (chinacdc.cn)
  • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is resistant to more than one anti-TB drug and at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF). (cdc.gov)
  • Currently, individuals with fluoroquinolone resistant tuberculosis are excluded from all-oral shortened treatment. (who.int)