Transcription initiation genetic. Medical search. Frequent questions

Remarkably, productive transcription elongation across these enhancers is predominantly in the same orientation as that of the nearest downstream gene. (nih.gov)
The mechanisms by which nucleosome organization is controlled are well understood in regard to transcription initiation and elongation. (pitt.edu)
Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. (dekooktips.com)
This process is divided into 3 stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. (lecturio.com)
It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. (witty-question.com)

Analysis of non-human organisms enabled de novo mtDNA sequence assembly, as well as detection of previously unknown mtDNA TIS, pausing, and transcription termination sites with unprecedented accuracy. (biorxiv.org)
Finally, mtDNA transcription termination sites have been either mapped in-vitro, or were associated with MTERF binding sites ( Christianson and Clayton 1986 ), thus, again, limiting the capability to in-vivo map transcription terminations sites in diverse organisms. (biorxiv.org)
Putative transcription initiation and transcription termination polyadenylation sequences were AACA(G/U) and AUGA 7 , respectively. (cdc.gov)
The polymerase then traverses the genetic material, and continues to yield RNA until it identifies a gene's transcription termination sequence, stopping the process. (jove.com)
Despite a few studies showing that transcription-coupled histone modifications and select chromatin remodelers are important for proper termination, little else is known about the role of chromatin at this step. (pitt.edu)
Therefore, the goal of my dissertation work was to address how nucleosomes contribute to control of transcription termination. (pitt.edu)
I conducted a genetic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for histone mutations that cause termination defects. (pitt.edu)
Together, these data implicate the DNA entry-exit site as an important player in maintenance of chromatin organization that supports proper transcription, including termination. (pitt.edu)
Further investigation is underway to determine whether the function of the DNA entry-exit site in transcription termination depends on interaction with other chromatin-related factors. (pitt.edu)
These studies will open up exciting new avenues for pursuit by future researchers in the Arndt lab and will help the field to better understand how the critical final step of transcription, termination, is regulated. (pitt.edu)
After initiating transcription, the RNA polymerase elongates the newly forming mRNA until it reaches a termination sequence. (lecturio.com)
Which of the following factors participates in the termination of the transcription process? (lecturio.com)
Transcription in prokayiotes: start and termination of rho-dependent and-independent transcription. (unict.it)

We identified 410 proteins, including key DNA replication factors and proteins associated with transcription, chromatin organization, DNA repair and mRNA splicing. (umass.edu)
A comparison of their known functions has identified, besides a common role within protein folding, multiple roles for the cyclophilins within pre-mRNA splicing and cellular signalling, and within transcription and cell cycle regulation for the parvulins. (biomedcentral.com)
They have been able to show, for the first time, that the initiation phase of mRNA synthesis is triggered in male fruit flies to make up for this imbalance. (mpg.de)
This work involved detection of new gene functions, mRNA transcription and processing, and surface proteins. (colorado.edu)
Transcription is the process by which DNA is used as a template to make mRNA. (lecturio.com)
During transcription, mRNA transcribes (copies) DNA. (witty-question.com)
Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. (witty-question.com)
Transcription is the process of copying genetic information from DNA into RNA, especially mRNA, by the enzyme RNA polymerase. (stemcelldaily.com)
We also show that the transcriptional initiation of myc mRNA is changed in the RICs. (lu.se)

The only other genetic difference between the two mature proteins is the different amino acid in positions 7 and 8. (wikipedia.org)
However, the order of events and the precise function of high-mobility group proteins during transcription initiation remain unclear. (nature.com)
Although HMG proteins do not possess intrinsic transcriptional activity, they are called architectural transcription factors because they modulate the transcription of their target genes by altering the chromatin structure at the promoter and/or enhancers 15 . (nature.com)
Proteins called repressors bind to these regions, preventing polymerase-promoter association, inhibiting transcription. (jove.com)
Additional proteins, known as transcription factors, are required for the RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter sequence in eukaryotes. (lecturio.com)
In chapter 2, by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, genetic analysis and biochemical assays, I identified the differential pairings of typical NLR receptor SOC3 with atypical NLR proteins CHS1 or TN2 to guard the homeostasis of the E3 ligase SAUL1. (ubc.ca)
In addition, activated eIF2α can trigger production of certain proteins called transcription factors, which control gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
Each RNA polymerase requires the assistance of several other proteins or protein complexes, called general (or basal) transcription factors, which must assemble into a complex on the promoter in order for RNA polymerase to bind and start transcription. (stemcelldaily.com)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
There are a myriad of mutations identified in genes encoding cardiac transcription factors, ion channels, gap junctions, energy metabolism regulators, lamins and other structural proteins. (medscape.com)
Some inherited arrhythmias are caused by a malfunction of proteins that are related to the initiation or propagation of electrical activity. (medscape.com)

Our data support the concept that chromatin opening during transcriptional initiation involves intermediates with DNA breaks that subsequently require DNA repair mechanisms to ensure genome integrity. (nature.com)
Furthermore, we demonstrated the biological relevance of this mechanism of transcriptional initiation within the context of TGFB1 signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (nature.com)

During cancer initiation, transcription factors can exhibit somatic mutations including point mutations in regulatory domains or undergo copy number variations due to genetic deletion. (centenary.org.au)
Sequential acquisition of mutations in these sets of genes serves as a driver for the initiation, clonal evolution and progression of MDS. (go.jp)
In addition, we detected two different mutations in EOAD cases at-280 and-2818 relative to the transcription initiation site in exon 1A of PSEN1. (ox.ac.uk)
Human genetic studies have identified mutations in the sodium channel SCN5A gene causing tachyarrhythmia disorders, as well as progressive cardiac conduction system diseases, or overlapping syndromes. (medscape.com)

It is believed that the occurrence of leukemia is the result of genetic and epigenetic changes in protooncogene and tumor suppressor genes [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
These processes are coordinated to maintain genome integrity and ensure accurate duplication of genetic and epigenetic information. (umass.edu)
Different regulatory mechanisms can control microRNA expression at a genetic or epigenetic level as well as involve the biogenesis machinery or the recruitment of specific transcription factors. (nih.gov)
However, there is substantial inter-individual variation in hepatic gene expression, and although numerous genetic factors have been identified, less is known about the epigenetic factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Our analyses generated a comprehensive resource of factors involved in the regulation of hepatic gene expression, and allowed us to estimate the proportion of variation in gene expression that could be attributed to genetic and epigenetic variation, both crucial to understanding differences in drug response and the etiology of liver diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) solution is a technology that consists of three specialized bacterial strains and seven plasmids, developed around a genetic system in E. coli that was harnessed into an enabling platform technology, allowing for highly efficient, rapid, and direct manipulation of larger DNA sequences (up to 100kb) than previously enabled by conventional molecular biology methods. (federallabs.org)
Noboru Sueoka was an early and active contributor to studies of the genetic code and the evolution of DNA sequences. (colorado.edu)
Genetic sequences of the bases are read in groups of three (called a triplet), with a possibility of 64 configurations or "words" in which to code information. (cdc.gov)
Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. (bvsalud.org)

We assign transcription initiation sites to 7691 protein-coding genes and find that they display features typical of eukaryotic promoters. (nih.gov)
Mechanisms responsible for oxygen-dependent regulation act at the level of transcription initiation from two overlapping promoters within the region upstream of the VHb gene. (caltech.edu)
Most promoters for RNA polymerase II also have a conserved sequence called the TATA box, which is recognized by a subunit of the transcription factor TFIID. (stemcelldaily.com)

Our approach paves the path towards in vivo, quantitative, reference sequence-free analysis of mtDNA transcription in all eukaryotes. (biorxiv.org)
In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged as chromatin, which acts as a barrier between the transcription machinery and genomic material. (pitt.edu)
Transcription in eukaryotes is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of transportable complementary RNA replica. (stemcelldaily.com)
The most-extensively studied core promoter element in eukaryotes is a short DNA sequence known as a TATA box, found 25-30 base pairs upstream from the start site of transcription. (stemcelldaily.com)
Transcription in eukaryotes is a complex and highly regulated process that ensures accurate and timely expression of genes. (stemcelldaily.com)
Transcription occurs in eukaryotes in a way that is similar to prokaryotes with reference to the basic steps involved. (stemcelldaily.com)

Eukaryotic RNA polymerases do not terminate transcription at a specific site but rather transcription can stop at varying distances downstream of the gene. (stemcelldaily.com)

When this enzyme recognizes a nearby transcription initiation site, it begins to generate a strand of RNA, using DNA as a template. (jove.com)
In a paper published in Science, the Rutgers CCB scientists show how the molecular machine responsible for transcription initiation--a protein complex that consists of the enzyme RNA polymerase and the initiation factor δ- recognizes a specific site on DNA preceding a gene, binds to DNA, unwinds the DNA helix, and pre-organizes the unwound DNA to enable subsequent reactions. (rutgers.edu)
The development of restriction enzyme technology in the 1970s was a breakthrough in genetic engineering. (federallabs.org)
Gene transcription begins with the enzyme RNA polymerase II, which binds to the promoter of a DNA string and thus transcribes the genetic information from it. (mpg.de)
Application of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe Edc1-fused Dcp1-Dcp2 decapping enzyme for transcription start site mapping. (musc.edu)
During transcription, RNA is synthesized from DNA through a series of steps catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. (lecturio.com)

RNA polymerase transcription initiation sites are largely unknown in Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)
Whereas mammals (chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, rat, and mouse) showed a human-like mtDNA transcription pattern, the invertebrate pattern (Drosophila and C. elegans) profoundly diverged. (biorxiv.org)
We identify healthspan pathways for human, featuring transcription initiation, proliferation and cholesterol/lipid processing, and for C. elegans, featuring biosynthetic response, macro-autophagy and mitochondria. (egms.de)

Here we show that high-mobility group AT-hook 2 protein (HMGA2) induces DNA nicks at the transcription start site, which are required by the histone chaperone FACT complex to incorporate nucleosomes containing the histone variant H2A.X. Further, phosphorylation of H2A.X at S139 (γ-H2AX) is required for repair-mediated DNA demethylation and transcription activation. (nature.com)
The histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) is a heterodimeric complex, consisting of SUPT16 and SSRP1 (Spt16 and Pob3 in yeast) that is responsible for the deposition of H2A/H2B-dimers onto DNA 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
Along with the complex arrangement of genetic material in a cell's nucleus, human genes also demonstrate their own unique organization. (jove.com)
DNA Replication and RNA Transcription, although seemingly complex terms, hold within them concepts that are beautifully precise, methodical - true marvels of nature. (aboutdarwin.com)
A global analysis of DNA replication initiation in T. brucei showed that TbORC1 (subunit of the origin recognition complex, ORC) binding sites are located at the boundaries of transcription units. (umass.edu)
A team of Rutgers CCB researchers led by Richard H. Ebright and Eddy Arnold has determined the three-dimensional structure of the transcription initiation complex, the key intermediate in the process by which cells read out genetic information in DNA. (rutgers.edu)
Determining the structure of a functional, specific transcription initiation complex has been a goal of researchers for three decades," said Ebright, a professor in Rutgers CCB and a laboratory director at the Waksman Institute of Microbiology at Rutgers. (rutgers.edu)
The structure determined by the Rutgers CCB researchers is the structure of a transcription initiation complex from a bacterium. (rutgers.edu)
This is done by means of the dosage compensation complex, which reduces the tightness of the male X chromosome's packaging, thereby making it especially easy for transcription factors to access. (mpg.de)
Recurrent mutational targets in MDS are the genes involved in RNA splicing, DNA methylation, histone modification, transcription, signal transduction, cohesin complex and DNA repair. (go.jp)
The TATA box is recognized by a transcription factor called TATA-binding protein (TBP), which is part of a larger complex called TFIID. (stemcelldaily.com)
Other transcription factors and RNA polymerase then assemble on the promoter to form a pre-initiation complex (PIC). (stemcelldaily.com)
Initiation is more complex. (stemcelldaily.com)
Transcription in eukaryiotes: formation of the pre-initiation complex, end of transcription. (unict.it)

Chromatin-mediated regulation of transcription involves DNA methylation and histone modifications. (nature.com)

Genome-wide studies have provided evidence of the relationship between transcription and DNA replication timing. (umass.edu)
Also, the repertoire of Cryptococcus neoformans may represent a better model fungal system within which to study the functions of the PPIases as its genome size and genetic tractability are equal to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , whilst its repertoires exhibits greater orthology to that of humans. (biomedcentral.com)

It recognizes the promoter and initiates the transcription process. (lecturio.com)

Our research is revealing new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of cancer initiation and progression. (centenary.org.au)
It is currently well recognized that microRNA deregulation is a hallmark of human cancer, and an aberrant expression of these tiny regulatory RNA molecules in several cell types is not just a random association, but it also plays a causal role in different steps of the tumorigenic process, from the initiation and development to progression toward the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype. (nih.gov)

Common, low-penetrance genetic variants have been consistently associated with CRC susceptibility, however, their role in SPS genetic predisposition has not been yet explored. (nih.gov)
The aim of this study was to evaluate if common, low-penetrance genetic variants for CRC risk are also implicated in SPS genetic susceptibility. (nih.gov)
Statistically significant associations with SPS were found for seven genetic variants (rs4779584- GREM1 , rs16892766- EIF3H , rs3217810- CCND2 , rs992157- PNKD1 / TMBIM1 , rs704017- ZMIZ1 , rs11196172- TCF7L2 , rs6061231- LAMA5 ). (nih.gov)
Genetic variants for CRC risk are also involved in SPS susceptibility, being the most relevant ones rs4779584- GREM1 , rs16892766- EIF3H and rs3217810- CCND2 . (nih.gov)
Based on an extensive review of the literature, we aggregate a list of features of health and healthspan, and of the genes and genetic variants associated with them. (egms.de)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematological disorders arising from hematopoietic stem cells that have accumulated various genetic abnormalities. (go.jp)
It is a clonal genetic heterogeneous disease generally thought to arise from the malignant transformation and expansion of a single lymphoid progenitor at various stages of development ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

The lectures follow the basic course of molecular biology and require the basic knowledge of processes of DNA replication, transcription and translation. (cuni.cz)

These processes are responsible for genetic continuity and protein synthesis, enabling life as we know it. (aboutdarwin.com)
The first step of protein synthesis is called Transcription. (witty-question.com)

In this study, we changed the kinetics of the Eschrichia coli transcription and translation processes by mutating the promoter and ribosome binding domains and by using genetic code expansion. (umn.edu)
The results expose a counterintuitive phenomenon, whereby an increase in the initiation rates of transcription and translation lead to a decrease in protein expression. (umn.edu)
The laboratory continues to use the technology in research on gene regulation and initiation of transcription and translation, and it has been the subject of over 125 publications by both the inventors and outside investigators. (federallabs.org)
The course is focused on principles and mechanisms of gene expression regulation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including regulation of transcription, translation and protein stability. (cuni.cz)
It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. (witty-question.com)
It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. (witty-question.com)

The genetic differences between XCL1 and XCL2 are very small. (wikipedia.org)

Surprisingly, accurate detection of human mtDNA transcription initiation sites (TIS) in the heavy and light strands revealed a novel conserved transcription pausing site near the light strand TIS, upstream to the transcription-replication transition region. (biorxiv.org)
Genetic studies demonstrated the presence of an oxygen-responsive element (ORE) upstream of the VHb gene. (caltech.edu)
In addition, transcription is also regulated by upstream control elements that lie 5′ to the TATA box. (stemcelldaily.com)

Based on the overlap of transcription initiation clusters with mapped transcription factor binding sites, we define 2361 transcribed intergenic enhancers. (nih.gov)
In Bacillus subtilis, a quorum response is mediated by a secreted 10-amino-acid modified peptide (ComX pheromone) that activates a receptor histidine kinase (ComP) that activates a response regulator transcription factor (ComA). (igem.org)
Conservation of genes and processes controlled by the quorum response in bacteria: characterization of genes controlled by the quorum-sensing transcription factor ComA in Bacillus subtilis Natalia Comella and Alan D. Grossman* Department of Biology, Building 68-530, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. (igem.org)
What is the role of the sigma factor in the transcription process? (lecturio.com)
By analyzing the methylomes and transcriptomes of 14 fetal and 181 adult livers, we identified 657 differentially methylated genes with adult-specific expression, these genes were enriched for transcription factor binding sites of HNF1A and HNF4A. (biomedcentral.com)

Although recent studies in T. brucei indicate functional links among DNA replication and transcription, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. (umass.edu)

research shows that about 90% of the blood system of malignant tumors with at least the height of single gene methylation is closely related since this is a reversible process of genetic modification can be through to handle to restore the normal expression of gene methylation, to achieve the purpose of prevention and treatment of tumor [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Of the 526 unique eQTL associated genes, 293 correlated significantly not only with genetic variation but also with methylation levels. (biomedcentral.com)
It is essential to have a better understanding on inter-individual variation of gene expression, methylation and genetic effects specific to liver, and on different conditions, e.g. developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)

In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, chromatin is the physiological template of all DNA-dependent processes including transcription. (nature.com)
Two such fundamental processes that keep the wheels of life turning are Replication and Transcription. (aboutdarwin.com)
This interplay forms the foundation of processes like Replication and Transcription. (aboutdarwin.com)
DNA is the substrate of many cellular processes including DNA replication, transcription and chromatin remodeling. (umass.edu)
The transcription factors regulated by eIF2α control the activity of genes involved in processes that help reduce the stress on the cell. (medlineplus.gov)

However, these intergenic regions carry important elements that regulate gene activity, for instance, the promoter where transcription starts, and enhancers and silencers that fine-tune gene expression. (jove.com)
Methylated DNA can prevent transcription factors from binding to it, resulting in low or no gene expression, which is an important alteration in the early initiation and development of malignant neoplastic diseases [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Transcription of genetic information is the first step in gene expression. (lecturio.com)
Molecular mechanisms for regulation of gene expression at different levels: remodeling of chromatin, initiation of transcription, nuclear transport and signalling, and RNA interference. (lu.se)

However, as similar as they may appear to those newly introduced to these concepts, replication and transcription have unique roles to play in cellular activity. (aboutdarwin.com)

This bi-genomic division is accompanied by profoundly different transcription regulatory system: whereas nDNA-encoded genes are transcribed individually by RNA polymerase 2 and the general nuclear transcription machinery, mtDNA transcription is long known to be regulated mainly by a dedicated RNA polymerase (POLRMT) and mtDNA-specific transcription factors (TFAM and TFB2) ( Shutt and Shadel 2010 ). (biorxiv.org)
Transcription is controlled by factors that remove or modify nucleosomes, allowing RNA polymerase II to contact otherwise occluded DNA. (pitt.edu)
Transcription factors. (unict.it)
Next, the importance of embryonic developmental genes such as homeobox and T-box transcription factors are highlighted in conduction system development and function. (medscape.com)
however, it University of Medical Sciences and in environmental and genetic factors. (who.int)

Mechanisms for maintaining genetic information during cell division and the generation of genetic variation: replication, mitosis, meiosis, recombination. (lu.se)

These results describe a novel pathway for regulating transcription using variant histones to modulate chromatin structure (Santisteban, 2000). (sdbonline.org)

This pausing site correlated with the presence of a bacterial pausing sequence motif, yet the transcription pausing index varied quantitatively among the cell lines. (biorxiv.org)
The structure defines the interactions that RNA polymerase and δ make with the DNA site for transcription initiation, known as the "promoter. (rutgers.edu)
Transcription Initiation Site" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (musc.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Transcription Initiation Site" by people in this website by year, and whether "Transcription Initiation Site" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (musc.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Transcription Initiation Site" by people in Profiles. (musc.edu)
The DNA entry-exit site is critical for nucleosome occupancy, a well-studied transcription-coupled histone modification, and prevention of several other transcription-related phenotypes that I have tested. (pitt.edu)
In an established line of rat fibroblasts (Rat-2), the more distal myc promoter (P2) is the preferred site of initiation. (lu.se)

Structural basis of transcription initiation , Science 338, 1076-1080. (rutgers.edu)
Direct and indirect ionization of DNA is ultimately responsible for the DNA alterations that adversely affect the structural and genetic integrity of the system. (cdc.gov)

We characterized the landscape of RNA Pol II transcription initiation, identifying 73,500 distinct clusters of initiation. (nih.gov)

This system, called recombineering, has revolutionized genetic engineering techniques, including the modification of genes on bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and the generation of conditional knockout mice. (federallabs.org)

The variant histone H2A.Z regulates gene transcription, and deletion of the gene encoding H2A.Z strongly increases the requirement for SNF/SWI and SAGA. (sdbonline.org)

These obstacles interfered with comparative in-vivo investigation of mtDNA transcription in diverse conditions, and hampered expanding the study of mtDNA nascent transcripts to organisms lacking an mtDNA reference sequence. (biorxiv.org)

These results illustrated the possibility of studying the mechanism of VHb action in E. coli as a surrogate host, and were also indicative of the potential applicability of such a genetic strategy in organisms other than Vitreoscilla. (caltech.edu)

The basis for SPS genetic predisposition is largely unknown. (nih.gov)

Nucleosomes impose a block to transcription that can be overcome in vivo by remodeling complexes such as SNF/SWI and histone modification complexes such as SAGA. (sdbonline.org)
We propose nucleosomes are assembled close to the replication fork followed by RNA pol II recruitment, transcription, and co-transcriptional RNA splicing. (umass.edu)

Other diverse uses of the technology include stem cell research, genetic studies in model organisms, creation of research tools such as transgenic mice and specialized imaging vectors, and high-throughput screening. (federallabs.org)
Genetic model organisms. (lu.se)

The molecule provides the basic template for replication of genetic information, RNA transcription, and protein biosynthesis to promote cellular function and survival. (lecturio.com)

What are the three major step of transcription? (dekooktips.com)

Because the transcription machineries in bacteria and higher organisms are structurally and mechanistically related, the structure also provides a framework for understanding transcription and transcriptional regulation in higher organisms, including humans. (rutgers.edu)

Strikingly, the majority of initiation events occur in regions with enhancer-like chromatin signatures. (nih.gov)

However, some fundamental issues remain unresolved, including the reasons for genetic code redundancy and codon bias. (umn.edu)
The lecture Transcription - DNA, RNA and the Genetic Code by Kevin Ahern, PhD is from the course Biochemistry: Basics. (lecturio.com)
Properties of the genetic code. (unict.it)

The structure provides a foundation for understanding bacterial transcription initiation and transcriptional regulation and provides a starting point for developing new antibacterial agents that function by inhibiting bacterial transcription. (rutgers.edu)

When the genetic information containing the "blueprint" for these substances is disrupted, cell homeostasis is disrupted, resulting in a wide-range of immediate and/or delayed toxicological effects. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy12

Organisms8

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs121

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes92

Information Science3

Elongation5

Termination13

MRNA9

Proteins11

Transcriptional initiation2

Mutations4

Epigenetic5

Sequences4

Promoters3

Eukaryotes6

Polymerases1

Enzyme6

Elegans3

Complex14

Histone modifications1

Genome2

Recognizes1

Progression2

Variants5

Clonal2

Molecular Biology1

Protein synthesis2

Translation6

Differences1

Upstream3

Factor5

Functional1

Methylation3

Processes5

Gene expression4

Replication and Transcription1

Factors5

Mechanisms1

Chromatin structure1

Site7

Structural2

Clusters1

Chromosomes1

Deletion1

Sequence1

Mechanism1

Largely unknown1

Nucleosomes2

Model organisms2

Cellular1

Step of transcription1

Humans1

Enhancer1

Code3

Bacterial1

Substances1