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Tobacco Smoke PollutionSmokeAir PollutionTobaccoAir PollutantsTobacco IndustryAir Pollution, IndoorCotinineSmokingWater PollutionTobacco, SmokelessEnvironmental ExposureParticulate MatterEnvironmental PollutionPlants, ToxicNitrogen DioxideEnvironmental MonitoringTobacco Use DisorderSulfur DioxideVehicle EmissionsTobacco ProductsTobacco Use CessationNicotineRespiratory Tract DiseasesTobacco Mosaic VirusOzoneInhalation ExposureEpidemiological MonitoringMaternal ExposureSmoking CessationRestaurantsPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticCitiesCarbon MonoxidePrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsParticle SizeNitrosaminesTobacco UseWater Pollution, ChemicalUrban HealthRisk FactorsAsthmaAdvertising as TopicHousingAcroleinPublic PolicyRespiration DisordersWorkplacePregnancyLung NeoplasmsCarcinogensCookingVentilationWoodEnvironmental HealthHeatingGanglionic StimulantsTarsLungRespiratory SoundsOccupational ExposureAtmosphere Exposure ChambersBenzo(a)pyreneDNA AdductsCross-Sectional StudiesPrevalenceMarketingUnited StatesSeasonsOxidants, PhotochemicalFiresQuestionnairesUrban PopulationPublic FacilitiesLobbyingWeatherMetals, HeavyCoalSocial Control PoliciesBiological MarkersInfant, NewbornAminobiphenyl CompoundsPublic HealthCohort StudiesLeukoplakiaNitrogen OxidesCaliforniaSmogGovernment RegulationPlants, Genetically ModifiedMotor VehiclesRisk AssessmentCase-Control StudiesTaxesSmoke-Free PolicyIndustryWater PollutantsCarcinogens, EnvironmentalEpidemiologic StudiesTime Factors
PollutantsOutdoor air polluFumesCessationIndoorEnvironmentalSecondhandRadonCigarettesAsthmaExposuresPrevalenceNicotineSmokersParticlesSystematic ReviewLungsCigarette smokeWorkplace1991Ambient Air PollutionEffects of air pollutionChemicalsRespiratoryPassiveFactorsHealthLink between air pollutionQuitHousehold1980sPositively associatedHarmfulAdultsHouseholdsIndoorsConclusions2001AllergensQuestionnaireConsumptionResultsPesticidesChronic bronchitisBody'sOzone
Pollutants8
  • 2. Oxidant gases, airborne particles and environmental tobacco smoke are common air pollutants that could have a significant impact on the lungs during both pre- and postnatal periods of life. (cdc.gov)
  • Smoking cigarettes in a car contaminates the car's interior with residual tobacco smoke pollutants, creating an exposure risk for nonsmokers long after smoking has ceased. (confex.com)
  • In addition, people who may be exposed to indoor air pollutants for the longest periods of time are often those most susceptible to the effects of indoor air pollution. (cpsc.gov)
  • Researchers have found that next to ultraviolet radiation, pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (chemicals that are released when burning coal, gasoline, trash or tobacco), volatile organic compounds (present in paints, coatings and car exhausts), oxides, particulate matter, ozone and cigarette smoke cause significant damage to the skin. (neostrata.com)
  • pollution from the outside , some pollutants present outside in small quantities, such as fine particles, can accumulate in our homes if we do not get rid of them. (belgium.be)
  • Pollutants, such as air pollution and toxic chemicals, can have a significant impact on exercise performance. (thedietchannel.com)
  • Choosing locations with lower pollution levels, exercising during times of lower pollution, and taking precautions such as wearing a mask can help reduce the negative effects of pollutants during exercise. (thedietchannel.com)
  • I'm interested in figuring out how the pollutants that people inhale, from diesel exhaust and ozone to tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapor, affect the respiratory system's ability to defend the body against infection and disease," she explained. (nih.gov)
Outdoor air pollu8
Fumes3
Cessation2
  • Smoking Cessation after Cancer Diagnosis and Enhanced Therapy Response: Mechanisms and Significance. (nih.gov)
  • 19 There are many potential elements of such a programme, including increased taxes, legislation on smoke-free workplaces and public places, mass media education programmes, youth access laws, school based programmes, community programmes, and cessation assistance. (bmj.com)
Indoor18
  • Background: Tobacco smoking, passive smoking, and indoor air pollution from biomass fuels have been implicated as risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) infection, disease, and death. (harvard.edu)
  • Tobacco smoking and indoor air pollution are persistent or growing exposures in regions where TB poses a major health risk. (harvard.edu)
  • Methods and Findings: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals on how tobacco smoking, passive smoke exposure, and indoor air pollution are associated with TB. (harvard.edu)
  • We identified 33 papers on tobacco smoking and TB, five papers on passive smoking and TB, and five on indoor air pollution and TB. (harvard.edu)
  • Although we also found evidence that passive smoking and indoor air pollution increased the risk of TB disease, these associations are less strongly supported by the available evidence. (harvard.edu)
  • TB control programs might benefit from a focus on interventions aimed at reducing tobacco and indoor air pollution exposures, especially among those at high risk for exposure to TB. (harvard.edu)
  • Indoor air pollution can pose a serious health threat. (cdc.gov)
  • The clinician should consider the following possible sources of indoor air pollution when eliciting information on exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • The content in this section focuses on the above potential sources of indoor air pollution. (cdc.gov)
  • Passive smoking is linked with cancer, heart disease, respiratory illness 1 2 and is the leading source of indoor airpollution. (bmj.com)
  • Following the advice given will not necessarily provide complete protection in all situations or against all health hazards that may be caused by indoor air pollution. (cpsc.gov)
  • Indoor air pollution is one risk that you can do something about. (cpsc.gov)
  • While pollutant levels from individual sources may not pose a significant health risk by themselves, most homes have more than one source that contributes to indoor air pollution. (cpsc.gov)
  • This safety guide was prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to help you decide whether to take actions that can reduce the level of indoor air pollution in your own home. (cpsc.gov)
  • Indoor pollution sources that release gases or particles into the air are the primary cause of indoor air quality problems in homes. (cpsc.gov)
  • There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home. (cpsc.gov)
  • Indoor air pollution: we are all exposed to it! (belgium.be)
  • Indoor exercise can be a healthier alternative, especially in areas with high pollution levels. (thedietchannel.com)
Environmental15
  • Respiratory health effects of passive smoking : lung cancer and other disorders, the report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (who.int)
  • The chemistry of environmental tobacco smoke : composition and measurement / M. R. Guerin, R. A. Jenkins, B. A. Tomkins. (who.int)
  • The purpose of this bulletin is to disseminate information about the potential risk of cancer to workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). (cdc.gov)
  • The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has determined that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is potentially carcinogenic to occupationally exposed workers. (cdc.gov)
  • and air pollution, such as diesel exhaust and environmental tobacco smoke. (nih.gov)
  • In a study published in the online journal BMC Pediatrics, Stephen G. Grant, Ph.D., associate professor of environmental and occupational health, reports that both active maternal smoking and secondary maternal exposure result in similarly increased rates of genetic mutation that are basically indistinguishable. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These free radicals are induced by a number of environmental factors including UV rays, smoking, air pollution, ozone and nutrition. (neostrata.com)
  • She also took a critical look at pollution in the United States, which jump-started the environmental movement, worldwide. (feedreader.com)
  • By bringing national attention to water pollution issues, the Cuyahoga River fire was one of the events that led to the creation of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (feedreader.com)
  • The EPA was established in the first term of the Nixon Administration following public concerns about environmental pollution. (feedreader.com)
  • Tobacco smoke is the top one environmental risk factor for lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
  • Dear Librarian, I would like to recommend the following IntechOpen book to be added to our library catalog: TITLE: 'Advanced Topics in Environmental Health and Air Pollution Case Studies' PRINT ISBN: 978-953-307-525-9 Libraries are offered a 20% discount on retail book prices. (intechopen.com)
  • Environmental air pollution, smog. (wa.gov)
  • Fossil fuel companies and their allies are funding a massive and sophisticated campaign to mislead the American people about the environmental harm caused by carbon pollution. (worldhealth.net)
  • Now an NIEHS grantee and Director of the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), she channels this long-held passion to better understand how air pollution alters immune responses in the lungs. (nih.gov)
Secondhand10
  • Childhood body mass index (BMI) and obesity prevalence have been associated with exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), maternal smoking during pregnancy, and vehicular air pollution. (nih.gov)
  • ETS is often referred to as secondhand smoke and exposure to ETS is often called passive smoking. (cdc.gov)
  • ARTIST was initially a vehicle for PM's strategies against anticipated calls for global smoke-free areas from a World Health Organization secondhand smoke study. (bmj.com)
  • Objective Smoke-free policies are effective in preventing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, but their adoption at home remains largely voluntary. (stir.ac.uk)
  • episode in which the deleterious health effects of secondhand smoke were denied (which ultimately Penn had to admit to have been in error ). (scienceblogs.com)
  • My colleague in the Division of Cardiology Matt Springer and I just released this policy briefing on secondhand marijuana smoke exposure. (ucsf.edu)
  • However, secondhand smoke presents another way for increased marijuana use to harm public health that may be less obvious to policy makers, due to rarity of studies that have explored these effects. (ucsf.edu)
  • Until recently, the rare studies of marijuana secondhand smoke primarily explored whether exposure causes false positives on drug tests.1,2 This brief report summarizes our current understanding of the cardiovascular health effects of inhalation of marijuana smoke, with an emphasis on public exposure to secondhand smoke. (ucsf.edu)
  • Cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke reduce the ability of arteries to expand (grow in diameter) when they need to pass more blood to the heart and limbs during exertion.10,11 Reducing this function of arteries increases the risk of atherosclerosis (partially blocked arteries), heart attack, and stroke. (ucsf.edu)
  • Legalization of marijuana makes an understanding of the consequences of public exposure to marijuana secondhand smoke more important than ever before. (ucsf.edu)
Radon1
Cigarettes5
  • A difference in ozone levels of 3 parts per billion over a decade was associated with an increase in emphysema equivalent to smoking a pack of cigarettes a day for almost 30 years. (nih.gov)
  • The transnational tobacco industry exporting cigarettes into Asia has been compared to an "opium war" of Western invasion and Asian resistance. (bmj.com)
  • In the mid1980s, trade barriers from state owned Asian tobacco monopolies were dismantled by the US Trade Representative office in Taiwan, Thailand, South Korea, and Japan, and smoking consumption by 1991 in these countries was 10% higher than if the markets had remained closed to US cigarettes. (bmj.com)
  • Totally smoke-free workplaces are associated with reductions in prevalence of smoking of 3.8% (95% confidence interval 2.8% to 4.7%) and 3.1 (2.4 to 3.8) fewer cigarettes smoked per day per continuing smoker. (bmj.com)
  • We found higher nicotine concentrations in homes: with smell of tobacco smoke inside (1.45 μg/m3 IQR: 0.32-6.34), where smoking was allowed (1.60 μg/m3 IQR: 0.68-7.63), with two or more residents who smoked (2.42 μg/m3 IQR: 0.58-11.0), with more than 40 cigarettes smoked (2.92 μg/m3 IQR: 0.97-10.61), and where two or more residents smoked inside (4.02 μg/m3 IQR: 1.58-11.74). (stir.ac.uk)
Asthma9
  • In addition, education to avoid tobacco smoke (both first-hand and second-hand exposure) is important for patients with asthma. (medscape.com)
  • Results from the Asthma Phenotypes in the Inner City (APIC) study, reported in 2016, pinpointed sensitivity to multiple allergens, poor lung function, allergic rhinitis and exposure to second-hand smoke as major factors associated with asthma severity in children. (nih.gov)
  • CCAAPS objectives are to determine the association between traffic related air pollution, specifically diesel exhaust particles and: 1) the development of allergic disease and asthma, and 2) neurodevelopment in childhood. (nih.gov)
  • Asthma is often linked to an abnormal airway reaction to various stimuli (allergens in the air, smoke, etc. (massify.com)
  • If you have asthma, you should avoid all exposure to tobacco smoke. (aafp.org)
  • Traffic-related air pollution is related with asthma, and this association may be modified by genetic factors. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic polymorphisms in the NQO1 gene are related to asthma susceptibility among persons exposed to local traffic-related air pollution. (nih.gov)
  • This points to the importance of antioxidant pathways in the protection against the effects of air pollution on asthma. (nih.gov)
  • An asthma attack is when triggers like exercise, cigarette smoke, and allergies irritate the airways, leading the airways to fill with mucus and the muscles around the airways tighten up. (childrensmercy.org)
Exposures1
  • Our findings strengthen emerging evidence that exposure to tobacco smoke and NRP contribute to development of childhood obesity and suggest that combined exposures may have synergistic effects. (nih.gov)
Prevalence7
  • METHODS: Temporal patterns in BC incidence rates, lung cancer (LC) death rates, smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption across time by sex were analyzed by calculating annual percent changes (APCs), using joinpoint regression, for Spain (1973-97), Sweden (1958-97) and the UK (1960-97). (medscape.com)
  • The main objectives of the study were to 1) determine the effect of the smoking ban on incidence of acute myocardial infarction, 2) determine if the new legislation altered population-based smoking prevalence, and 3) measure public support for the public smoking ban. (nih.gov)
  • We reviewed CCHS survey information on smoking prevalence for Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and Canada from 2003 to 2005. (nih.gov)
  • Smoking prevalence in Saskatoon fell from 24.1% in 2003 (95% CI 20.4-27.7) to 18.2% in 2005 (95% CI 15.7-20.9) while smoking prevalence in Saskatchewan remained unchanged at 23.8% (95% CI 22.6-25.3) and Canada reduced from 22.9% (95% CI 22.5-23.3) to 21.3% (95% CI 20.8-21.8). (nih.gov)
  • The public smoking ban in Saskatoon, Canada, is associated with reduced incidence rates of acute MI, lower smoking prevalence and high levels of public support. (nih.gov)
  • Country-level factors included the overall score in the Tobacco Control Scale 2016, the smoking prevalence, and self-reported SHS exposure prevalence. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Household nicotine concentrations were significantly higher in countries with higher national smoking prevalence and self-reported SHS exposure prevalence (p (stir.ac.uk)
Nicotine7
Smokers6
  • Compared with people who do not smoke, smokers have an increased risk of having a positive tuberculin skin test, of having active TB, and of dying from TB. (harvard.edu)
  • 4, 5 With the world's highest percentages of smokers over 15 years old living in Asia and the Pacific, 6 effective tobacco control measures are urgently needed. (bmj.com)
  • 3 In the United States, passive smoking has been linked to the deaths of at least 53 000 non-smokers each year, about one non-smoker for each eight smokers that tobacco kills. (bmj.com)
  • Smoke-free workplaces not only protect non-smokers, they also create an environment that encourages smokers to cut back 6 or quit. (bmj.com)
  • In particular, the new analysis redefines the "non-smokers" used as controls to consider their second-hand exposure to tobacco smoke through other family members at home, at work or in social situations at restaurants or even outdoors. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In a financial reality analysis - - total fines to the tobacco industry $ 243 billion - -The tobacco settlement penalized smokers, not big tobacco. (worldhealth.net)
Particles2
  • 100 nm - larger than 90% of the particles of wood smoke[citation needed] (ranges from 7 to 3000 nanometres) Lengths between 10−7 and 10−6 m (100 nm and 1 µm). (wikipedia.org)
  • 100 nm - greatest particle size that can fit through a surgical mask 100 nm - 90% of particles in wood smoke are smaller than this. (wikipedia.org)
Systematic Review1
  • Interaction between Occupational and Non-Occupational Arsenic Exposure and Tobacco Smoke on Lung Cancerogenesis: A Systematic Review. (nih.gov)
Lungs1
  • This project will provide useful information to guide clinical management or treatment of COPD, and help future studies design better clinical solutions to mitigate the harmful impacts of air pollution or tobacco smoking on our lungs. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
Cigarette smoke1
Workplace1
19911
  • Towards a smoke-free health service : the 2nd report : report of a seminar, London, UK, 1 October 1991. (who.int)
Ambient Air Pollution1
  • Association Between Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Change in Quantitatively Assessed Emphysema and Lung Function. (nih.gov)
Effects of air pollution1
Chemicals2
  • Many of the more than 4,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke also damage collagen and elastin. (neostrata.com)
  • However, it is difficult to exclude the possibility that the increased heart attack risk was actually caused by the effects of smoke chemicals on the blood vessels, as described in the previous paragraph. (ucsf.edu)
Respiratory3
  • Respiratory health effects of passive smoking : lung cancer and other disorders. (who.int)
  • Influence of air pollution on respiratory health during perinatal development. (cdc.gov)
  • There are many health problems due to this pollution with very diverse clinical manifestations: headaches, eye and respiratory tract irritations, etc. (belgium.be)
Passive5
  • The finding that passive smoking and biomass fuel combustion also increase TB risk should be substantiated with larger studies in future. (harvard.edu)
  • Misclassification of smoking habits and passive smoking : a review of the evidence / Peter N. Lee. (who.int)
  • This analysis shows not only that smoking during pregnancy causes genetic damage in the developing fetus that can be detected at birth, but also that passive -- or secondary -- exposure causes just as much damage as active smoking, and it is the same kind of damage," said Dr. Grant, whose primary area of study is genotoxicity and the mechanisms of DNA repair. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Passive inhalation of cannabis smoke. (ucsf.edu)
  • Passive inhalation of marijuana smoke: a critical review. (ucsf.edu)
Factors1
  • This study aimed to quantify SHS exposure in homes with residents who smoke in Europe according to households' characteristics, tobacco consumption habits, and national contextual factors. (stir.ac.uk)
Health13
  • Information on exposure to SHS and maternal smoking during pregnancy was collected on 3,318 participants at enrollment into the Southern California Children's Health Study. (nih.gov)
  • The mental health and well-being effects of wildfire smoke: a scoping review. (nih.gov)
  • Towards a smoke-free health service : report of a seminar, London, UK, on World's 2nd No-Tobacco Day, 31 May 1989. (who.int)
  • Towards a smoke-free health service : the 3rd report : report of a seminar, London, UK, 24 May 1993. (who.int)
  • Effects of smoking on the fetus, neonate, and child : proceedings of a symposium held on 9-11 July 1990 at the Ciba Foundation and sponsored by the UK Department of Health / edited by David Poswillo and Eva Alberman. (who.int)
  • In 1964, the Surgeon General issued the first report on smoking and health, which concluded that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Since then, research on the toxicity and carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke has demonstrated that the health risk from inhaling tobacco smoke is not limited to the smoker, but also includes those who inhale ETS. (cdc.gov)
  • The NIH announces an opportunity to request an administrative supplement to NIH-funded research and training that would support research into the health impacts of household air pollution (HAP) from the incomplete combustion of biomass or solid fuels used for cooking, heating or lighting. (nih.gov)
  • A quantitative comparison of the effects of these interventions would enable public health policy makers to make maximum use of the (usually limited) funds available for tobacco control. (bmj.com)
  • A re-examination of data from earlier studies suggests that exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy can be just as detrimental to a developing fetus as primary exposure through maternal smoking, according to a recent paper from the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Thus, for many people, the risks to health may be greater due to exposure to air pollution indoors than outdoors. (cpsc.gov)
  • Their activities are often compared to those of Big Tobacco denying the health dangers of smoking. (worldhealth.net)
  • With support from NIEHS, Jaspers has made many important discoveries about how air pollution affects lung immune response and what that means for human health. (nih.gov)
Link between air pollution2
Quit2
  • Moreover, we found similarly increased induced mutation in women who had quit smoking during pregnancy, usually when they found out they were pregnant," said Dr. Grant, who also is an assistant investigator at the Magee-Womens Research Institute. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Perhaps, like certain pharmaceutical warnings, it would be appropriate to caution women to quit smoking if they are pregnant or likely to become pregnant. (sciencedaily.com)
Household3
  • Multivariate multinomial logistic regression which initially included all covariates, found household tobacco smoking (adjusted OR = 2.45, 95%CI (1.60, 3.74) predicted need for oxygen supplementation. (nih.gov)
  • Household tobacco smoking (adjusted OR = 5.49, (2.78, 10.83)) and weight (kg) on admission (adjusted OR = 0.51, (0.40, 0.65)) were both significant predictors in the final model for mechanical ventilation. (nih.gov)
  • Conclusions SHS concentrations in homes with individuals who smoke were approximately twenty times higher in homes that allowed smoking compared to those reporting smoke-free household rules. (stir.ac.uk)
1980s2
  • Transnational tobacco companies began aggressively entering the Asia market in the 1980s, and the current tobacco industry in Asia is a mix of transnational and local monopolies or private companies. (bmj.com)
  • Since as early as the 1980s the tobacco industry has recognised that smoke-free workplaces have a major effect on cigaretteconsumption. (bmj.com)
Positively associated1
  • We found substantial evidence that tobacco smoking is positively associated with TB, regardless of the specific TB outcomes. (harvard.edu)
Harmful1
  • As drugs go, tobacco has a ridiculously low buzz/harm ratio - in other words, very little buzz, and extremely harmful. (rationalwiki.org)
Adults1
Households2
  • Through self-administered questionnaires, we collected sociodemographic information and the number of individuals who smoke, smoking rules, frequency, location, and quantity of tobacco use in households. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Participants reported that smoking was not permitted in approximately 20% of households, 40% had two or more residents who smoked, and in 79% residents had smoked inside during the week of sampling. (stir.ac.uk)
Indoors2
  • By 1998-9,69% of US workers employed indoors outside the home had smoke-free workplaces. (bmj.com)
  • Don't smoke indoors. (wa.gov)
Conclusions2
20012
  • ARTIST evolved through 2001 into a forum to present scientific and regulatory issues faced primarily by Philip Morris and other transnational tobacco companies. (bmj.com)
  • A study in 2001 indicated that smoking marijuana increased the risk of experiencing a heart attack within the next hour.13 Because THC has direct effects on heart rate and blood pressure, the authors focused on the potential link between the elevated heart attack risk and the THC. (ucsf.edu)
Allergens1
  • A recent study using nitrogen oxides (NO x ) as an indicator for local traffic air pollution has reported interaction effects between GSTP1 polymorphisms and NO x on allergic sensitization to common allergens in children at 4 years of age. (nih.gov)
Questionnaire1
Consumption3
  • If all workplacesbecame smoke-free, consumption per capita in the entire population would drop by 4.5% in the United States and 7.6% in the United Kingdom, costing the tobacco industry $1.7 billion and £310 million annually in lost sales. (bmj.com)
  • 7 In 1992 Phillip Morris Tobacco Company privately estimated that if all workplaces were smoke-free, total consumption would drop about 10%, through a combination of quitting and cutting down. (bmj.com)
  • Estimating the effect of creating smoke-free workplaces on total cigarette consumption is important because many places are implementing tobacco control programmes with money from dedicated taxes 9 - 18 or with funds from the settlement of lawsuits against the tobacco industry. (bmj.com)
Results2
  • The results may help explain why some people who never smoked develop emphysema. (nih.gov)
  • The primary papers largely discounted the effects of secondary -- and sometimes even direct exposure through maternal smoking -- or produced contradictory results. (sciencedaily.com)
Pesticides1
  • These include smoking, the use of unvented or malfunction-ing stoves, furnaces, or space heaters, the use of solvents in cleaning and hobby activities, the use of paint strippers in redecorating activities, and the use of cleaning products and pesticides in housekeeping. (cpsc.gov)
Chronic bronchitis2
Body's1
  • Jaspers has more than two decades of experience studying how air pollution affects the body's ability to defend against disease and infection. (nih.gov)
Ozone1
  • Chronic ozone exposure may help explain why some people who never smoked develop emphysema. (nih.gov)