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Tobacco Mosaic VirusTobaccoMosaic VirusesPlants, ToxicPlant Viral Movement ProteinsTobacco mosaic satellite virusPlant DiseasesRNA, ViralCucumovirusPlant VirusesProtoplastsViral ProteinsTobamovirusPlants, Genetically ModifiedPlant LeavesPotexvirusCapsidMolecular Sequence DataRNA ReplicaseCaulimovirusPlant ProteinsBase SequenceCapsid ProteinsTobacco IndustryVirus ReplicationPlasmodesmataComovirusScopoletinRNA VirusesTymovirusSalicylic AcidPlantsTobacco, SmokelessBromovirusPotyvirusAmino Acid SequenceGenes, ViralSatellite VirusesNucleic Acid ConformationVirus AssemblyVirionAlfalfa mosaic virusGenes, PlantGene Expression Regulation, PlantTobacco Use DisorderGreen Fluorescent ProteinsCucumber Mosaic Virus SatelliteOpen Reading FramesRNA, PlantProtein BiosynthesisTobacco Use CessationVirusesCloning, MolecularLycopersicon esculentumTobacco Smoke PollutionSambucus nigraTriticumGene Expression Regulation, ViralImmunity, InnateDNA, ViralVaccinia virusGenome, ViralPotyviridaeGenetic VectorsChenopodium quinoaMicroscopy, ElectronArabidopsisMosaicismRNA, SatelliteBacteriophage M13LuteovirusGene SilencingLuminescent ProteinsPhenylalanine Ammonia-LyaseRNA, MessengerHost-Pathogen InteractionsHistidine-tRNA LigaseChrysanthemum cinerariifoliumTombusviridaeTobacco ProductsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRibonuclease T1Receptors, VirusMutationHelper VirusesSequence Homology, Amino AcidDNA PrimersManihotViral Structural ProteinsCapsicumTransformation, GeneticVirus CultivationAgrobacterium tumefaciensGeminiviridaeVirus DiseasesDNA, PlantDefective VirusesVirus SheddingGlucuronidase
InfectionProteinsVirologyTobamovirusCowpea chlorInfectStrainPathogenNecrosisPlantsSymptomsSelf-assembleHelicalDiseaseReplicationCropsSystemicVeinTomatoResistanceResistantMechanicallyBacteriaGenomeCapsidDiffractionParticlesLeafInfluenceSatellite tobacGenetic1958Protein synthesisPlant virusStructuralHairpinPropagationStreaksElectron density mapIdentificationSoilHostNatureCoatMovementLeavesArraysAssemblyGeneral
Infection11
  • The infection causes characteristic patterns, such as "mosaic"-like mottling and discoloration on the leaves (hence the name). (wikipedia.org)
  • The infection of tobacco protoplasts with cowpea chlorotic mottle virus and its RNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The infection of tobacco protoplasts with a variant of brome mosaic virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Factors influencing the infection of tobacco protoplasts by cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Protein synthesis in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts induced by tobacco mosaic virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Tomato mosaic virus of tomatoes can exist in the soil or plant debris for up to two years and can be spread just by touch - a gardener who touches or even brushes up against an infected plant can carry the infection for the rest of the day. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • There are no chemical controls for plant virus infection. (rhs.org.uk)
  • Incompatibilities between virus and host factors at any of these stages could therefore lead to restrictions and delays establishment of a systemic infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Symptoms of virus infection include colour changes, dwarfing, and tissue distortion. (britannica.com)
  • 30,000 different viruses chickenpox-like illnesses may indicate infection caused by a comprising 56 separate families have been identified, and novel agent or a bioterrorist act. (cdc.gov)
  • To investigate the role of sHsp22.98 during ASSVd infection, transient silencing of sHsp22.98 was conducted, using a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing system. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins3
Virology1
  • The investigations of tobacco mosaic disease and subsequent discovery of its viral nature were instrumental in the establishment of the general concepts of virology. (wikipedia.org)
Tobamovirus2
Cowpea chlor2
Infect4
  • It has since yielded fascinating insights into how viruses infect their hosts. (apsnet.org)
  • These virus particles are very stable and, at some point when the cells are broken or the leaf dries up, they are released to infect new plants. (apsnet.org)
  • Tomato mosaic is also known to infect apples, pears, and cherries. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Several viruses occur in the UK that can infect and cause a range of symptoms in pelargoniums (also referred to as geraniums). (rhs.org.uk)
Strain3
  • The symptoms are very dependent on the age of the infected plant, the environmental conditions, the virus strain, and the genetic background of the host plant. (apsnet.org)
  • It is also hard to identify, with symptoms varying wildly depending upon the variety and age of the infected plant, the strain of the virus, and environmental conditions. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • In Arabidopsis thaliana , different ecotypes present varying susceptibilities to Tobacco mosaic virus strain U1 (TMV-U1). (biomedcentral.com)
Pathogen1
Necrosis1
  • Symptoms induced by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are somewhat dependent on the host plant and can include mosaic, mottling ( Figures 1 and 2 ), necrosis ( Figures 3 and 4 ), stunting, leaf curling, and yellowing of plant tissues. (apsnet.org)
Plants11
  • In 1886, Adolf Mayer first described the tobacco mosaic disease that could be transferred between plants, similar to bacterial infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Later, in 1903, Ivanovsky published a paper describing abnormal crystal intracellular inclusions in the host cells of the affected tobacco plants and argued the connection between these inclusions and the infectious agent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hosts for TMV include tobacco ( Figure 1 ), tomato ( Figure 5 ), and other solanaceous plants. (apsnet.org)
  • The virus can also contaminate seed coats, and the plants germinating from these seeds can become infected. (apsnet.org)
  • Tobacco Mosaic Virus TMV is an elongate (about 300nm) filamentous, spiral, ss RNA, virus of plants. (scientific.pictures)
  • Mosaic virus infects a large number of plants in addition to tomatoes. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Don't plant tomatoes, cucumbers, or other plants that are susceptible to mosaic virus in that same area again. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Viruses of pelagoniums can all be transmitted to the next generation of plants through cuttings taken from infected plants. (rhs.org.uk)
  • Systemic viral infections in plants are complex processes that require compatible virus-host interactions in multiple tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Highly prolific plants are resistant to Tobacco Mosaic Virus. (jungseed.com)
  • Tobacco mosaic virus is a common disease of ornamental plants. (gardeningknowhow.com)
Symptoms6
  • Keep reading to learn more about tomato mosaic virus symptoms and tomato mosaic virus treatment. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Tomato mosaic virus symptoms can be found at any stage of growth and all parts of the plant may be infected. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Mosaic virus symptoms mimic those caused by other plant diseases as well as herbicide or air pollution damage and mineral deficiencies. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • these viruses cause a wide range of symptoms. (rhs.org.uk)
  • Virus symptoms in pelargoniums are sometimes masked in warmer temperatures and often develop only in winter and spring. (rhs.org.uk)
  • It is unlikely that amateur gardeners will encounter Tomato ringspot virus , but pelargonium enthusiasts and commercial specialists should be aware of its symptoms and its quarantine status. (rhs.org.uk)
Self-assemble3
  • This paper discusses the molecular design of selected examples of structural units containing taper shaped exo-receptors and various crown ether, oligooxyethylenic, and H-bonding based endo-receptors, which self-assemble into cylindrical channel-like architectures via principles resembling those of tobacco mosaic virus TMV. (dtic.mil)
  • However, they retain the ability to self-assemble into virus-like arrays at acidic pH. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Dragged into shape: Suspensions of rod-shaped tobacco mosaic virus self-assemble under shear. (ncsu.edu)
Helical1
  • The binding of trinucleoside diphosphates to long helical rods of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) protein is shown to depend on base sequence, 5′ AAG 3′ binding being the strongest of the 25 trinucleoside diphosphate sequences measured. (nature.com)
Disease8
  • Although it was known from the late 19th century that a non-bacterial infectious disease was damaging tobacco crops, it was not until 1930 that the infectious agent was determined to be a virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beijerinck adopted the term of "virus" to indicate that the causal agent of tobacco mosaic disease was of non-bacterial nature. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TMV disease cycle and its epidemiology are intimately related because the virus is completely dependent on the host for replication and spread. (apsnet.org)
  • Tomato mosaic virus is a serious and extremely contagious disease. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Treating mosaic virus is difficult and there are no chemical controls like there are for fungal diseases, although some varieties of tomato are resistant to the disease, and seeds can be bought that are certified disease free. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Viruses don't cause disease, and they aren't contagious. (balloon-juice.com)
  • Yes, you read that correctly: Germ theory denialists-also known as people who don't believe that pathogenic viruses and bacteria can cause disease. (balloon-juice.com)
  • If you are not convinced by the group's ideas and point to medical experts who say wild things like " viruses can make you sick " and " protein is necessary for a healthy diet ," you are embarrassingly mistaken…"The germ theory is nothing but a massive profit driver for the disease industry," germ theory denialist Nora Lenz said in a video hosted on the site . (balloon-juice.com)
Replication1
  • This model has proven to be useful in elucidating the relationship between the host plant and both the virus replication and movement processes [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Crops1
  • and workers exposed to moldy crops of grapes, tobacco, 7 sugarcane,8 and peat moss. (cdc.gov)
Systemic1
  • As the virus moves from cell to cell, it eventually reaches the plant's vascular system (veins) for rapid systemic spread through the phloem to the roots and tips of the growing plant. (apsnet.org)
Vein1
  • In addition to TMV MP, PME is recognized by MPs of turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) and cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). (ox.ac.uk)
Tomato3
Resistance1
Resistant2
  • Currently, yield losses for tobacco due to TMV are estimated at only 1% because resistant varieties are routinely grown. (apsnet.org)
  • Tobacco Mosaic Virus resistant. (neseed.com)
Mechanically2
  • Pelargonium flower break virus, Pelargonium line pattern virus, Tobacco mosaic virus and some of the other viruses mentioned above, can be easily transmitted mechanically on pruning tools and on hands. (rhs.org.uk)
  • plant virus: …of the most well-studied viruses, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), is spread mechanically by abrasion with infected sap. (britannica.com)
Bacteria1
Genome5
  • These account for over 90% of the virus genome. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • CRISPR/Cas9 editing of endogenous banana streak virus in the B genome of Musa spp. (nature.com)
  • Presence of the integrated endogenous banana streak virus (eBSV) in the B genome of plantain (AAB) is a major challenge for breeding and dissemination of hybrids. (nature.com)
  • It is an unenveloped, non-covalently closed, bacilliform double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus with a monopartite genome of ~7.2-7.8 kb encoding three open-reading frames (ORFs). (nature.com)
  • It also restricts germplasm movement of genotypes with the B genome worldwide due to this potential activation of eBSV into the episomal infectious form of virus. (nature.com)
Capsid1
  • In 1955, Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Robley Williams showed that purified TMV RNA and its capsid (coat) protein assemble by themselves to functional viruses, indicating that this is the most stable structure (the one with the lowest free energy). (wikipedia.org)
Diffraction2
  • X-ray fiber diffraction structure of the intact virus was studied based on an electron density map at 3.6 Å resolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Structure of Viruses as Determined by X-ray Diffraction," Plant Pathology: Problems and Progress, 1908-1958 , C.S. Holton, et al. (ucla.edu)
Particles3
  • Once TMV enters the cell, the virus particles disassemble in an organized manner to expose the TMV RNA. (apsnet.org)
  • The virus-protein-coat functionality can be used for the directed bioconjugation of metallic particles to make anisotropically conductive virus wires. (ncsu.edu)
  • Plant viruses are extremely minute infectious particles consisting of a protein coat and a core of nucleic acid. (rhs.org.uk)
Leaf1
  • To understand this process better, a cell wall-associated protein that specifically binds the viral MP was purified from tobacco leaf cell walls and identified as pectin methylesterase (PME). (ox.ac.uk)
Influence1
  • The simulations allow the research team to compare the behavior of the full virus and will help scientists determine what factors are important to the virus' structural integrity and how those factors might influence assembly of the virus inside host cells. (illinois.edu)
Satellite tobac2
  • But a recent simulation of the satellite tobacco mosaic virus is also a striking first. (illinois.edu)
  • The simulations of the satellite tobacco mosaic virus involved as many as one million atoms and simulation times of more than 50 nanoseconds. (illinois.edu)
Genetic2
19581
  • In 1958, she speculated that the virus was hollow, not solid, and hypothesized that the RNA of TMV is single-stranded. (wikipedia.org)
Protein synthesis3
Plant virus1
  • The rod-shaped plant virus tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is widely used as a nano-fabrication template, and chimeric peptide expression on its major coat protein has extended its potential applications. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Structural1
  • The structural organization of the virus gives stability. (wikipedia.org)
Hairpin2
  • This happens due to the formation of an obligatory intermediate produced from a protein allows the virus to recognize a specific RNA hairpin structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rapid and transient activation of myelin basic protein kinase in tobacco leaves treated with hairpin from Erwinia amylovora . (springer.com)
Propagation1
  • Some viruses can be transmitted via seed, but generally these are a minority and therefore seed propagation is often a useful way to ensure virus-free plant material. (rhs.org.uk)
Streaks1
  • The appearance of streaks of colour in certain tulips is caused by virus. (britannica.com)
Electron density map1
  • Image of a TMV model composited with an electron density map of the virus. (illinois.edu)
Identification1
  • Possible identification of a protein in brome mosaic virus infected barley as a component of viral RNA polymerase. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Soil1
  • Viruses are frequently transmitted through propagated material but, depending on the virus, can also be transmitted via insect or mite vectors, pollen, mechanical transfer via contaminated hands and tools, and nematode vectors in the soil. (rhs.org.uk)
Host4
  • In 1898, Martinus Beijerinck independently replicated Ivanovsky's filtration experiments and then showed that the infectious agent was able to reproduce and multiply in the host cells of the tobacco plant. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus RNA is positive-sense, or '+ sense', and serves directly as a messenger RNA (mRNA) that is translated using host ribosomes. (apsnet.org)
  • Interaction between the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and host cell pectin methylesterases is required for viral cell-to-cell movement. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Viral infections and their spread throughout a plant require numerous interactions between the host and the virus. (biomedcentral.com)
Nature1
Coat2
Movement2
  • Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes » Intramolecular complementing mutations in tobacco mosaic virus movement protein confirm a role for microtubule association in viral RNA transport. (cnrs.fr)
  • Virus-encoded movement protein (MP) mediates cell-to-cell spread of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) through plant intercellular connections, the plasmodesmata. (ox.ac.uk)
Leaves1
  • Typical mosaic pattern on flue-cured tobacco leaves infected with Tobacco mosaic virus. (apsnet.org)
Arrays1
  • Rapid deposition and long-range alignment of nanocoatings and arrays of electrically conductive wires from tobacco mosaic virus. (ncsu.edu)
Assembly1
  • As TMV has a stoichiometry of three nucleotides per protein subunit, the sequence of TMV RNA suggested to be the nucleation site for self-assembly of the virus has three possible binding frames. (nature.com)
General1