• Cells or beads stained with individual fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies should be used for setting up compensation before running the samples. (biolegend.com)
  • Find Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3 Antibodies for a variety of species such as anti-Human Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3, anti-Mouse Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3, anti-Rat Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3 Antibodies validated for a specific application such as WB, ELISA, IHC, IF (cc). (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3 Antibodies with a specific Host. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find available monoclonal or polyclonal Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3 Antibodies. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3 Antibodies with a specific conjugate such as Biotin, FITC, HRP. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Rapid and comprehensive analysis of putative proteinous allergens ( allergenome ) by applying such a proteomic strategy … With allergenomics, we can not only detect and assign the putative allergens (proteins specifically interacting with IgE antibodies in a patient's blood) in a short time, but also analyze the quantitative and qualitative change of the antigens, depending on the surroundings and environmental conditions of an allergenic causative. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • These molecules can impact both safety due to the potential to cause immunogenicity responses and efficacy as the result of missing structural features, such as complementarity determining regions, which play a role in determining the antigen-binding specificities of antibodies and T-cell receptors, according to Moscariello. (pharmtech.com)
  • Because isotype control antibodies have no relevant specificity, they enable the researcher to distinguish non-specific "background" binding from antigen-specific antibody binding. (genetex.com)
  • Non-specific binding of primary antibodies may occur due to either binding of antibody to Fc receptors or non-specific interactions with cellular proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates. (genetex.com)
  • The activation of a resting helper T cell causes it to release cytokines and other stimulatory signals (green arrows) that stimulate the activity of macrophages , killer T cells and B cells , the latter producing antibodies . (wikidoc.org)
  • Isotype control antibodies can act as negative controls to help differentiate non-specific background signal from specific antibody signal because they have no relevant specificity to a target antigen. (fishersci.com)
  • We took advantage of the fact that many of the killer cells' receptors bind to specific target cell surface proteins, much like antibodies bind to specific antigens. (igem.org)
  • So why not replace the receptors' recognition domains with different antibodies to create new receptors to recognize the many surface proteins on cells? (igem.org)
  • Current research strategies aiming to prevent, control or eradicate HIV emphasize the adaptive arm of the immune system, harnessing effector functions of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, B cells and antibodies to attack HIV and HIV-infected cells. (nih.gov)
  • To approach this critical issue, antibodies were generated against two peptides, one derived from olfactory receptor mOR256-17, one derived from the "mOR37" subfamily. (jneurosci.org)
  • By means of immunohistochemistry and double-labeling studies using transgenic mouse lines as well as Western blot analyses, it was demonstrated that the newly generated antibodies specifically recognized the receptor proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • To scrutinize the hypothesis that olfactory receptor proteins may also be present in the axonal processes and the nerve terminals, serial sections through the olfactory bulb were probed with the antibodies. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, antibodies were generated against unique epitopes of distinct OR types and used in immunohistochemical experiments to visualize the receptor proteins in whole-mount preparations and tissue sections of the olfactory system. (jneurosci.org)
  • The specificity of the antibodies for equine influenza A (H3N8) strains was confirmed by hemagglutination inhibition assays that included human influenza (H3N2) strain A/Scotland/74 (data not shown). (cdc.gov)
  • Herein we used a single bicistronic lentiviral vector to develop a new combination immunotherapy that consists of human anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to secrete human anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies at the tumor site. (oncotarget.com)
  • These armed second-generation CAR T cells empowered to secrete human anti-PD-L1 antibodies in the ccRCC milieu to combat T cell exhaustion is an innovation in this field that should provide renewed potential for CAR T cell immunotherapy of solid tumors where limited efficacy is currently seen. (oncotarget.com)
  • T-cell engagers are bispecific antibodies that recruit cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • T-cells have been engineered with a wide variety of disparate transgenes to alter their function for therapeutic effect: Typically, transgenes have altered the T-cell's specificity to a surface antigen (Chimeric Antigen Receptors, CAR), or to an epitope of an intracellular antigen (native TCR transfer). (ukri.org)
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fig. 6: Sequence-dependent recognition of different Salmonella serovars by CdtB-specific T cell clones. (nature.com)
  • By analysing iNKT cells from lymphoid tissues of mice and humans we demonstrate that their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and is distinct for cells from various tissues resulting in differential lipid-antigen recognition. (elifesciences.org)
  • Despite this prototypical TCR repertoire gene usage, in recent years it has become apparent that there are variations within the iNKT cell repertoire that ultimately impact the antigen recognition capacity and consequently the functional outcomes during an immune response. (elifesciences.org)
  • The immense diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) enables specific antigen recognition ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • CD3 epsilon is one of at least four invariant proteins that associate with the variable antigen recognition chains of the T cell receptor and function in signal transduction. (rndsystems.com)
  • Importantly, T cells artificially expressing the MAGE-A3-Mp4 specific TCRs exhibited strong MAGE-A3+ tumor cell recognition and killing effect. (thno.org)
  • The modified glycoproteins inhibited endocytosis by the alveolar macrophages, thus excluding nonreducing terminal carbohydrate residues as the recognition site of the receptor. (duke.edu)
  • We hope to introduce a logic gating system as an engineering platform to make killer cell recognition more specific and precise. (igem.org)
  • We have been interested in the role of pattern-recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs)in innate immune recognition of these viruses as well as their signaling pathways. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
  • Antigen recognition depends on both T-cell specificity and the molecular complex presenting the antigen. (biorxiv.org)
  • Successful antigen recognition requires T cells to effectively recognize the body's MHC and coordinate a response. (biorxiv.org)
  • Olfactory receptors are supposed to act not only as molecular sensors for odorants but also as cell recognition molecules guiding the axons of olfactory neurons to their appropriate glomerulus in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
  • Consistent with this, iNKT cells from different organs show distinct basal activation, proliferation and clonal expansion. (elifesciences.org)
  • HDI antigen preparations but not "mock exposed" control antigens lead to increased proliferation of specific cell types, CD3+CD4-CD8(dim) and/ or CD3+CD4-CD8- cells, from HDI-exposed but not from HDI-unexposed subjects. (cdc.gov)
  • Many different cells produce TGF beta and it mediates effects on the proliferation, differentiation and function of many cell types. (thermofisher.com)
  • First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • However, certain factors such as low junctional diversity, thymic selection, and T-cell proliferation upon antigen exposure can affect TCR sharing among individuals. (biorxiv.org)
  • In: Chemically induced cell proliferation: Implications for risk assessment. (cdc.gov)
  • The affinity of a TCR for a given peptide epitope and the specificity of the binding are governed by the heterodimeric αβ T-cell receptors ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The antibody MEM-31 recognizes a conformationally-dependent extracellular epitope of CD8, a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (exbio.cz)
  • Linnebacher M, Wienck A, Boeck I, Klar E: Identification of an MSI-H tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell epitope generated by the (-1) frame of U79260(FTO). (exbio.cz)
  • A cohort of HLA-A2+ NSCLC donors demonstrated that the number of epitope specific CD8+ T cells increased in NSCLC than healthy controls when measured with tetramer derived from the candidate MAGE-A3 epitopes, especially epitope Mp4 (MAGE-A3: 160-169, LVFGIELMEV). (thno.org)
  • Statistical and machine-learning based analyses demonstrated that the MAGE-A3-Mp4 epitope-specific CD8+ T cell clones were mostly in effector and proliferating state. (thno.org)
  • Although the TCRs specific for DQ2.5-glia-a1a and DQ2.5-glia-a2 docked similarly, their interactions with the respective gliadin determinants differed markedly, thereby providing a basis for epitope specificity. (scienceinpublic.com.au)
  • Cancer antigen 15-3, or CA 15-3, is an epitope of a large transmembrane glycoprotein named MUC1 that is derived from the MUC1 gene. (medscape.com)
  • Residual undesired proteins-host-cell proteins (HCPs) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) species-have the potential to affect the safety and efficacy of biopharmaceuticals. (pharmtech.com)
  • The most common protein-based impurities that downstream processes are developed to control include high- and low-molecular-weight species, charge-variants, and host-cell proteins. (pharmtech.com)
  • Class II MHC proteins are generally only found on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (wikidoc.org)
  • The antigens that bind to MHC proteins are always short peptides , 8-10 amino acids long for MHC Class I, and up to 25 or so for MHC Class II. (wikidoc.org)
  • The focus of Dr. Berg's work is on the signaling proteins and pathways regulating T lymphocyte development, differentiation, activation, and migration, with a strong emphasis on T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • This concept implies that olfactory receptor proteins are located in sensory cilia and in the axons. (jneurosci.org)
  • These data indicate that olfactory receptor (OR) proteins are indeed present in the axonal processes and nerve terminals of olfactory sensory neurons, thus supporting the notion that ORs may participate in the molecular processes underlying the fasciculation and targeting of olfactory axons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Until recently however, it has been difficult if not impossible to select and expand T-cell populations specific for more common cancers since cancer cells, unlike virally infected cells do not contain foreign proteins. (ukri.org)
  • In this way we hope to develop therapeutics with heavily engineered cells which should exceed the complexity and refinement possible with traditional therapeutics such as small molecules or therapeutic proteins. (ukri.org)
  • In contrast to TCR T cells, CAR T cells recognize only relatively large proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Investigators have demonstrated other substrates for factor XIIIa, including proteins such as osteopontin, factor V, thrombospondin, vinculin, and endothelial cell receptors α v β 3 integrin and VEGFR-2. (medscape.com)
  • The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Plasmodium vivax invasion of reticulocytes relies on distinct receptor-ligand interactions between the parasite and host erythrocytes. (tropmedres.ac)
  • This suggests that unique tissue-specific factors (including local lipid antigens, cytokines and/or hormones) may shape the population of iNKT cells resident in those tissues, ultimately regulating local immune responses. (elifesciences.org)
  • The cytokines cause polyclonal B-cell activation that induces the production of IgA, IgG, and IgM. (medscape.com)
  • The HDI-stimulated gamma/delta T cells were associated with T(H)1-like cytokines and produce IFN-gamma but not IL-5 or IL-13. (cdc.gov)
  • Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • More recently, we and others have introduced transgenes which alter a T-cell's behaviour, for instance suicide genes, homing receptors and cytokines, or knocked out expression of single genes. (ukri.org)
  • BAFF-R is a type III transmembrane protein that binds with high specificity to BAFF (TNFSF13B). (genscript.com)
  • TAAs) with high specificity to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A set of standard tests are defined for the performance of peptide-TCR binding, including the detection of TCRs binding to a given peptide/antigen, choosing among a set of candidate peptides for a given TCR and determining whether any pair of TCR-peptide bind. (frontiersin.org)
  • Following specific binding of T cell receptors to viral and bacterial-derived peptides bound to MHC ( 5 ), or from neo-antigens ( 8 - 10 ), the appropriate T cells expand, resulting in the increased frequency of T cells carrying such receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Once at the lymph nodes, the APC begins to present antigen peptides that are bound to Class II MHC, allowing CD4 + T cells that express specific TcR's against the peptide/MHC complex to activate. (wikidoc.org)
  • The crystal structures of four different T immune cell receptors (TCRs) in complex with two gluten peptides that play an important role in celiac disease are reported this week in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology . (scienceinpublic.com.au)
  • Although they are often referred to as being inhibitory receptors, a subset of KIR receptors may also play an activating role in NK cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • Estefanía E, Flores R, Gómez-Lozano N, Aguilar H, López-Botet M, Vilches C: Human KIR2DL5 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on the surface of NK and T lymphocyte subsets. (exbio.cz)
  • Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) reinvigorates anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T-cell signaling, relapse frequently occurs after ICB treatment and acquired resistance often emergence after initial response [ 4 ]. (thno.org)
  • These findings suggest that IgG+ memory B cell activity in individuals with P. vivax strain-transcending Abs to DBPII display a limited clonal response with inhibitory blocking directed against a distinct region of the molecule. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Here we determined the T-cell receptor (TCR) usage and fine specificity of patient-derived T-cell clones specific for two epitopes from wheat gliadin (a component of gluten), DQ2.5-glia-a1a and DQ2.5-glia-a2. (scienceinpublic.com.au)
  • To better understand the functional characteristics and fine specificity of protective human Abs to DBPII, we sorted single DBPII-specific IgG+ memory B cells from three individuals with high blocking activity to DBPII. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Human T-cell lines were generated and characterized from peripheral blood of HDI-exposed and HDI-unexposed subjects, using two different HDI antigens, HDI-conjugated albumin and HDI-exposed human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292). (cdc.gov)
  • It's been reported that SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. (proteomecommons.org)
  • Conversely, the innate immune system, including epithelial barriers, the complement system, phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells, provides a much more rapid and less specific response to infection. (nih.gov)
  • The MUC1 protein, also known as polymorphic epithelial mucin or epithelial membrane antigen, has a large extracellular region, a transmembrane sequence, and a cytosolic domain. (medscape.com)
  • Gating strategy using scatter parameters and surface markers in the staining cocktail to identify CD4+ and CD8+ cells. (biolegend.com)
  • The SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cell kit contains SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool (tube S), negative control (tube N) and positive control (tube P) in a convenient packaging for stimulating human blood/ PBMCs along with anti-human LFA-1 PE and a surface stain cocktail consisting of anti-human CD45 PerCP, CD8 Pacific Blue™, CD4 FITC and CD14, CD41, CD15, CD16, CD19 APC/Cyanine7. (biolegend.com)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • These cells were then stained with Fixable Viability Dye eFluor® 450 (Product # 65-0863-14), followed by surface staining with Mouse IgG1 K Isotype Control APC (Product # 17-47. (thermofisher.com)
  • It is believed that this surface-expressed LAP is due to the binding of LAP to GARP (LRRC32), which is a transmembrane protein that is also found at high levels on platelets and activated regulatory T cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mature T h cells are believed to always express the surface protein CD4 . (wikidoc.org)
  • Some APCs also bind native (or unprocessed) antigens to their surface, such as follicular dendritic cells , but unprocessed antigens do not interact with T cells and are not involved in their activation. (wikidoc.org)
  • S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD) , which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. (proteomecommons.org)
  • Regulation of CD8 beta level on T cell surface seems to be an important mechanism to control their effector function. (exbio.cz)
  • Unfortunately, killer cells can have trouble recognizing cancer cells among healthy cells due to complex profiles of surface markers on cancer cells. (igem.org)
  • Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since virtually all undifferentiated NPCs are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), this tumor is an attractive candidate for cellular immunotherapy targeted against tumor-associated viral antigens. (nih.gov)
  • Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • Clinically, EBV-associated malignancies such as Hodgkin's lymphoma offer a unique model to explore antigen-defined immunotherapy approaches because EBV-derived tumor antigens are specific for tumor cells only. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
  • In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells are directly infused and are not induced within the patient. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Passive cellular immunotherapy references A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • My laboratory studies T cells and their role in the generation of immunological memory in response to viral infection and immunization. (utah.edu)
  • Immunological memory, or the ability of the adaptive immune response to recognize previously encountered pathogen epitopes with exquisite specificity and speed, is a fundamental principle in vaccine development, yet this process takes days to weeks to develop. (nih.gov)
  • These methods and results can help us to better understand immune reconstitution following hematopoietic cell transplantation, leading to future studies on the clinical application of adoptive T-cell therapies. (nature.com)
  • A better and deeper understanding of immune reconstitution following allo-HCT is required for further clinical application of these adoptive T-cell therapies. (nature.com)
  • These include personalized anti-cancer vaccines (dendritic cell based) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies for gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancers. (mayo.edu)
  • By isolating immature and immunosuppressive cells from a patient's blood, transforming them into potent immune-stimulatory cells in the laboratory, and then injecting them back directly into the patient's bloodstream or tumor, these novel therapies have the potential to induce long-term tumor-specific durable responses. (mayo.edu)
  • To find new, more effective treatment options for those affected, doctors and scientists are testing numerous immunotherapeutic approaches, including so-called "adoptive" T-cell therapies: This involves isolationg T cells from the patient, modifying them in the culture dish and transferring them back to the patient. (dkfz.de)
  • According to the scientist, it is also conceivable to generate T cell receptor transgenic cell therapies against patient-individual cancer antigens. (dkfz.de)
  • Much more advanced in clinical development than T-cell receptor transgenic cells are cellular therapies using so-called CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor) cells, which have already been approved for the treatment of various leukemias and lymphomas. (dkfz.de)
  • The discovery and characterization of new antigens implicated in the pathogenesis of T1D is a high priority as it can lead to new diagnostic tools and anticipate that studies proposed by Dr. Baker will provide critical information to target autoreactive T cells though antigen-specific therapies. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • We anticipate that we will be able to then create advanced therapies based on heavily engineered T-cells leading to an entirely new field of therapeutics. (ukri.org)
  • Clinical trials of LAK cells in humans are ongoing but this approach has not gained widespread use and is generally considered less effective than other cell therapies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Helper T cells recognize these, with the help of their expression of CD4 co-receptor ( CD4+ ). (wikidoc.org)
  • In this way, they succeeded in producing large numbers of T cells with identical specificity, all of which recognize the cancer antigen NLGN4X. (dkfz.de)
  • This important ability to recognize the many different types of cells allows killers cells to eliminate unhealthy cells but avoid harming healthy cells. (igem.org)
  • This fact is unsettling in that this method of differentiation is currently the only means by which killer cells can recognize cancerous cells. (igem.org)
  • We explore how innate immune cells recognize and respond to pathogens, how genetic mutations in innate immunity contribute to inflammatory and auto-immune diseases, and how obtained information can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies. (utah.edu)
  • For instance, we have shown that administration of T-cells engineered to recognize a cancer antigen can result in clinical responses in children with neuroblastoma. (ukri.org)
  • The SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cell kit provides a convenient, easy to use, and powerful tool for immunology and vaccine research. (biolegend.com)
  • We integrate cell biology, virology, immunology, biochemistry, and functional genomics approaches to tackle questions such as: How are viruses recognized during infection? (utah.edu)
  • An interpretable machine learning approach can recapitulate the molecular features associated to immune protein-protein binding and leverage them for the prediction of immune response specificity. (elifesciences.org)
  • T lymphocytes (T cells) are pivotal in the cellular immune response ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The human immune response to isocyanate , a leading cause of occupational asthma, remains incompletely characterized, including the cell types involved and the form of the chemical that acts as an antigen. (cdc.gov)
  • These data are the first to demonstrate that HDI can selectively stimulate gamma/delta T cells with the potential to modulate the human immune response to exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • They must also be controlled during downstream processing because they have the potential to elicit an immune response in patients due to the use of non-human cell lines (typically Chinese hamster ovary or CHO cells) for production. (pharmtech.com)
  • During an immune response, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) endocytose (absorb) foreign material (typically bacteria or viruses ), which undergoes processing , then travel from the infection site to the lymph nodes . (wikidoc.org)
  • T cells make up a key component of the adaptive immune response and allow the body to respond to the diverse range of pathogens it may encounter. (biorxiv.org)
  • T cells that encounter their specific cognate MHC-presented antigen will bind and proliferate, leading to an immune response. (biorxiv.org)
  • Fig. 8: Clonal expansion of Salmonella-specific effector T cells. (nature.com)
  • Removing senescent T cells from the physiological cycle to maintain the homeostasis of memory and effector T cells is the way of replacement. (hindawi.com)
  • T helper cells (also known as effector T cells or T h cells ) are a sub-group of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell or leukocyte ) that plays an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system . (wikidoc.org)
  • Fig. 7: Characterization of the specificity of T cell clones cross-reactive against nontyphoidal Salmonella . (nature.com)
  • Recently, high-throughput DNA sequencing has enabled large-scale characterization of TCR sequences, producing detailed T cell repertoire (Rep-Seq) ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Receptors, KIR" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • Cytomegalovirus reactivation is still a critical concern following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and cellular immune reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells is necessary for the long-term control of cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. (nature.com)
  • However, cellular immune reconstitution of CMV-specific cytotoxic T-cells (CMV-CTL) is generally considered to be necessary for the long-term control of CMV reactivation after allo-HCT. (nature.com)
  • We propose to build on this work, increasing the complexity of genetic alteration to result in not only a single effect but to allow re-programming of T-cells with new more complex cellular behaviours for therapeutic application. (ukri.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • One of the new emerging mechanisms associated with the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and other tumors is the immune checkpoint pathway, which consists of cellular interactions that prevent excessive activation of T cells under normal conditions. (oncotarget.com)
  • Oncocytic cells in the thyroid are often called Hürthle cells, and oncocytic change is defined as cellular enlargement characterized by an abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm as a result of accumulation of altered mitochondria. (medscape.com)
  • To tackle the complexity of cross-reactive and pathogen-specific T cell responses against related Salmonella serovars, we used mass cytometry, unbiased single-cell cloning, live fluorescence barcoding, and T cell-receptor sequencing to reconstruct the Salmonella -specific repertoire of circulating effector CD4 + T cells, isolated from volunteers challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S . Typhi) or Salmonella Paratyphi A ( S . Paratyphi). (nature.com)
  • Fig. 3: Analysis of libraries of CD38 + CCR7 - T cell clones and fluorescence barcoding to dissect the antigen-specific repertoire of effector CD4 + T cells. (nature.com)
  • Within peripheral tissues iNKT cell recent thymic emigrants exhibit a different TCR repertoire than mature cells, suggesting that the iNKT population is shaped after arrival to the periphery. (elifesciences.org)
  • Moreover, the iNKT cell TCR repertoire changes following immunisation and is shaped by age and environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here we show the features of repertoire diversity and the gene expression profile of HLA-A24 cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells in actual recipients according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern. (nature.com)
  • Superantigen specificity for different Vβ chains results in Vβ skewing, whereby T cells with specific Vβ chains and diverse antigen specificity are overrepresented in the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. (mendeley.com)
  • Here, we characterized the TCR repertoire of MIS-C patients and found a profound expansion of TCRβ variable gene 11-2 (TRBV11-2), with up to 24% of clonal T cell space occupied by TRBV11-2 T cells, which correlated with MIS-C severity and serum cytokine levels. (mendeley.com)
  • The T-cell repertoire derives this high diversity through somatic recombination of the T-cell receptor (TCR) locus, a random process that results in repertoires that are largely private to each individual. (biorxiv.org)
  • All of these factors contribute to shaping the TCRβ repertoire, and understanding their interplay has important implications for the use of T cells for therapeutics and diagnostics. (biorxiv.org)
  • As a result, VDJ recombination, HLA restriction, and antigen exposure collectively contribute to a largely private TCRβ repertoire. (biorxiv.org)
  • The spike is essential for both host specificity and viral infectivity. (proteomecommons.org)
  • We study how our cells detect and respond to viral threats. (utah.edu)
  • Surprisingly, we find that shared antigen exposure to CMV leads to fewer shared TCRβ clones, even after controlling for HLA, indicative of a largely private response to major viral antigenic exposure. (biorxiv.org)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)
  • Our results identify immune-dominant, serovar-specific, and cross-reactive T cell antigens, which should aid in the design of T cell-vaccination strategies against Salmonella . (nature.com)
  • Fig. 4: Cross-reactivity of Salmonella -specific CD4 + T cell clones against different Salmonella serovars. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 5: HlyE and CdtB are S . Typhi- and S . Paratyphi A-specific immunodominant T cell antigens. (nature.com)
  • A core feature of protective T cell responses to infection is the robust expansion and diversification of naïve antigen-specific T cell populations into short-lived effector and long-lived memory subsets. (nih.gov)
  • We now demonstrate that EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) lines can readily be generated from individuals with NPC, notwithstanding the patients' prior exposure to chemotherapy/radiation. (nih.gov)
  • Single-cell RNA-sequence analyses demonstrate the homogenous distribution of the gene expression profile in individual cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells within each recipient. (nature.com)
  • An individual T-cell has a specific complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of T cell receptor (TCR)-α and -β, which is a result of the recombination of somatic TCR V-(D)-J genes and junction diversity. (nature.com)
  • For example, there are sub-groups of suppressor T cells , natural killer T cells , and cytotoxic T cells that are known to express CD4 (although cytotoxic examples have been observed in extremely low numbers in specific disease states, they are usually considered non-existent). (wikidoc.org)
  • However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)
  • However, since only a few NLGN4X-specific T cells can be obtained in this way, which are not sufficient for cell therapy, the scientists resorted to a trick: they isolated the gene coding for the NLGN4X-specific T cell receptor. (dkfz.de)
  • Bunse's team then demonstrated that the NLGN4X-specific T cells are able to kill brain tumor cells in the culture dish. (dkfz.de)
  • Brain tumor-bearing mice treated with transgenic NLGN4X-specific human T cells had a greater than 40 percent response to treatment. (dkfz.de)
  • The foundation of my research centers around neonatal tolerance to organ specific antigens and microbiota. (utah.edu)
  • The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to foster interdisciplinary basic, translational, and clinical research that will define Natural Killer (NK) cell functions and interactions with other components of the innate and adaptive immune system affecting the potency and durability of HIV-1-specific immunity, including vaccine efficacy, reservoir size, reactivation or post-treatment control. (nih.gov)
  • Cell lines infected by HTLV-I express levels of TCR beta mRNA similar to PHA stimulated lymphocytes, suggesting that this gene is not transcriptionally activated as a result of infection by HTLV-I. Cloned T cells of known antigen specificity that are infected by HTLV-I in vitro show impairment of immune function, including loss of antigen-specific responsiveness and the acquisition of alloreactivity. (rupress.org)
  • Further, it has been possible to selectively expand T-cells specific for a particular virus in vitro. (ukri.org)
  • Administration of these specific T-cell populations are remarkably effective and non-toxic treatments for certain rare virally driven cancers. (ukri.org)
  • Gene vector technology developed for gene-therapy have allowed us a radically solution: By introducing a new gene coding for an artificial receptor, we can easily generate large populations of T-cells specific for any antigen. (ukri.org)
  • In Sweden, there has been a steady prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity for the diagnosis of pros- decrease in age-standardized breast cancer mortality in women up tate cancer (15). (lu.se)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • These results show that LMP1 , mour viruses classified by IARC in EBV-specific T-cell response. (who.int)
  • Recognizes the epsilon -chain of the CD3/T cell antigen receptor complex (McMichael, A.J. et al . (rndsystems.com)
  • Bunse's team then isolated from the blood of the vaccinated individuals those T cells that had been activated by NLGN4X and consequently carried a T cell receptor that specifically "recognizes" this glioblastoma-associated antigen. (dkfz.de)
  • Description: The monoclonal mouse IgG1 K immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype control.Applications Reported: This P3.6.2.8.1 antibody has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis.Applications Tested: This P3.6.2.8.1 antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells and mouse splenocytes. (fishersci.com)
  • Of note, CD19, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD123, and CD269 as ideal targets have shown extraordinary potential for CAR-T cell therapy and other targets such as CD23 and SLAMF7 have brought promising future for clinical trials. (hindawi.com)
  • Overall, our data indicate that a CDR3-independent interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike and TCR leads to T cell expansion and possibly activation, which may account for the clinical presentation of MIS-C. (mendeley.com)
  • This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will support basic, translational, and clinical research to improve the understanding of the effector or immunoregulatory potentials of NK cells for HIV prevention, control and/or eradication. (nih.gov)
  • This approach of using genetically engineered T-cells as a medical therapy, has been tested by us and others in early clinical studies with much promise. (ukri.org)
  • Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Receptor-mediated endocytosis of carcinoembryonic antigen by rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. (duke.edu)
  • Uptake of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by isolated rat alveolar cells was time, temperature, and concentration dependent (Kuptake = 2.4 x 10(-7) M). Pretreatment of the alveolar cells with colchicine inhibited internalization of CEA. (duke.edu)
  • CD4 + T cells have TcRs with an affinity for Class II MHC, and it is believed that CD4 is involved in determining MHC affinity during maturation in the thymus . (wikidoc.org)
  • In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
  • This work identified candidate TCRs potentially suitable for TCR-T design targeting HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor antigen. (thno.org)
  • In addition, the isolation and storage of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells have been used to rebuild the immune system for the treatment of hematological malignancies and might be promising for the dynamic equilibrium expansion of functional T cells [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Increased binding scores are observed in T-cell clones with complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β with a "(G)GG" motif. (nature.com)
  • We previously established a direct single-cell analysis to simultaneously identify and quantify in vivo CMV-CTL clones after allo-HCT 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
  • Fig. 1: Mass cytometry identification of effector CD4 + T cells responding to Salmonella infection. (nature.com)
  • Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • they cannot kill infected host (also known as somatic ) cells or pathogens , and without other immune cells they would usually be considered useless against an infection. (wikidoc.org)
  • Towards the end of a HIV infection the number of functional CD4 + T cells falls, which leads to the symptomatic stage of infection known as the acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ). (wikidoc.org)
  • The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. (proteomecommons.org)
  • Plasmodium parasites invade the body's red blood cells and can cause a harmful systemic infection. (utah.edu)
  • We also demonstrated that canine respiratory tissue possesses the relevant receptors for infection with equine influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
  • These cells are capable of homing to the sites of infection where they exit the vasculature, divide and kill infected cells but leave uninfected cells unharmed. (ukri.org)
  • therefore, definitive differentiation of Hürthle cell carcinoma from Hürthle-cell adenoma is based on vascular invasion and/or capsular invasion, as well as on permanent histologic sections or extrathyroidal tumor spread and lymph node and systemic metastases. (medscape.com)
  • Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. (antibodies-online.com)
  • The first PTPase domain has enzymatic activity, while the second one seems to affect the substrate specificity of the first one. (lu.se)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Normal human peripheral blood cells were stimulated overnight with Human IL-2 Recombinant Protein (Product # 14-8029-81), Anti-Human CD3, and Anti-Human CD28 Functional Grade Purifieds (Product # 16-0037-81 and Product # 16-0289-81). (thermofisher.com)
  • The host cells used for fermentation/cell culture produce HCPs necessary for the cells to function (growth, gene transcription, protein synthesis, etc.) and during cell death. (pharmtech.com)
  • S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity. (proteomecommons.org)
  • Lukas Bunse, a scientist at the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and a physician at the University Medical Center Mannheim, relies on the comparatively new concept of "T cell receptor transgenic cells" in his current study: To this end, brain tumor patients were first inoculated with an antigenic fragment of the protein NLGN4X (Neuroligin4X). (dkfz.de)
  • Her work on the T cell tyrosine kinase ITK has revealed a critical role for this TCR signaling protein in autoreactive T cell trafficking into tissues such as the pancreas and the intestine. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Engagement of the highly polymorphic domain II of the P. vivax Duffy-binding protein (DBPII) with the erythrocyte's Duffy Ag receptor for chemokines (DARC) is essential. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Physiologically, the MUC1 protein may be involved in cell adhesion by decreasing the degree of cell-to-extracellular matrix and cell-to-cell interactions. (medscape.com)
  • iNKT cells have been traditionally defined by the expression of an invariant TCR α-chain (Vα14-Jα18 in mice or Vα24-Jα18 in humans) and their capacity to recognise the glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) presented on CD1d. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, from the beginning of puberty after thymus degeneration, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) persists due to the chronic activation of cytomegalovirus in humans causing repeated activation of T cells, which is considered the driving factor of human immune aging [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • As the MHC is encoded by highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci in humans, this process of thymic selection occurs within the context of an individual's HLA type. (biorxiv.org)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that increased age is correlated with decreased overall TCRβ clone sharing, indicating that the pattern of private TCRβ clonal expansion is a general feature of the T-cell response to other infectious antigens. (biorxiv.org)
  • Historically, NK cells have been considered part of the innate immune system, recognizing and eliminating virus-infected or tumor cells either directly by release of cytotoxic granules or indirectly by cytokine release and facilitation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nih.gov)
  • We studied the configuration and expression of the gene encoding the beta chain of the T cell receptor (TCR beta) in cell lines and primary tumor cells infected by the human T cell leukemia/lymphoma (lymphotrophic) virus type I (HTLV-I). Most of the cell lines and all the primary tumor cells showed rearrangement of the TCR beta gene, and in each case the rearrangement was distinct. (rupress.org)
  • The configuration of the TCR beta gene in primary tumor cells infected by HTLV-I was compared with that in the derived cell lines. (rupress.org)
  • In all pairs examined, the configuration in the primary tumor cells was different from that in the cell lines, strongly suggesting that the cells that grow in culture are not the original neoplastic cells. (rupress.org)
  • A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These factors vary by target cell type and the isotype of the primary antibody. (genetex.com)
  • The anti-PD-L1 IgG1 isotype, which is capable of mediating ADCC, was also able to recruit human NK cells to the tumor site in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • By means of in vivo fate mapping, we found a striking variability of immune responses derived from individual CD8(+) T cells and show that robust acute and recall immunity requires the initial recruitment of multiple precursors. (nih.gov)
  • The laboratory course provides insight into the isolation and study of fish immune cells, selected cell markings, functional analysis and measurement of appropriate immune responses in fish. (uib.no)
  • 194 (10) : 4717-28 CD28 Promotes Plasma Cell Survival, Sustained Antibody Responses, and BLIMP-1 Upregulation through Its Distal PYAP Proline Motif. (genetex.com)
  • The Jensen laboratory is focused on antigen processing and presentation and the role of classical and nonclassical histocompatibility (MHC) molecules in regulating immune responses. (utah.edu)
  • What cell factors are required for innate immune responses? (utah.edu)
  • And how do our cells "tune" immune responses once they are engaged? (utah.edu)
  • NK cells can modulate the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune responses by interacting with, editing or killing dendritic cells or B and T cells, thereby bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, we are investigating the role of innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells in innate and adaptive immune responses to these viruses. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
  • KIR receptors contain up to three different extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains referred to as D0, D1, and D2 and play an important role in blocking NK cell activation against cells expressing the appropriate HLA antigens thus preventing cell lysis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Beyond the common features shared by all iNKT cells (including their CD1-restriction and innate-like properties), cells found in discrete tissues have distinct phenotypes and functions that critically modulate the outcome of immunity ( Crosby and Kronenberg, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • On serial sections through the olfactory bulb of mOR37-transgenic mouse lines, double-labeling experiments demonstrated that distinct immunoreactive glomeruli corresponded to glomeruli that were targeted by neurons expressing a particular member of the mOR37 receptor subfamily. (jneurosci.org)
  • Some investigators believe that this condition is distinct from other follicular cell neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • DNA sequence analysis of T-cell receptors was used to further define clonal populations of HDI-responsive T cells. (cdc.gov)
  • A major focus has been understanding the role of intra-islet communication and functional sub-populations of cells in islet function, and how disruption to intra-islet communication mechanisms and changes in sub-populations occur in diabetes and may contribute to islet decline. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)
  • We identified the HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitopes from MAGE-A3 that could effectively induce the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells using artificial APC in vitro . (thno.org)
  • Although antilymphocyte serum was used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-cell and B-cell lymphomas, resulting in temporary decreases in lymphocyte counts or lymph node size, newer humoral immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In melanoma, the malignant black skin cancer, such T-cell receptor transgenic T cells have already been shown to prolong the lives of some patients. (dkfz.de)
  • These HDI-responsive T cells expressed unique oligoclonal gamma/delta rather than alpha/beta T-cell receptors, with characteristics suggestive of antigen-mediated selection and specificity. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this investigation was to characterize human T cells that respond to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), an aliphatic isocyanate routinely used in the automobile body industry. (cdc.gov)
  • Applications Tested: This FNLAP antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of stimulated normal human peripheral blood cells using the Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (cat. (thermofisher.com)
  • Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 μl reagent / 100 μl of whole blood or 10 6 cells in a suspension. (exbio.cz)
  • 95% of individuals with celiac disease carry the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) -DQ2 locus. (scienceinpublic.com.au)
  • Configuration and expression of the T cell receptor beta chain gene in human T-lymphotrophic virus I-infected cells. (rupress.org)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • In both TCRα and TCRβ chains, CDR3 loops have the highest sequence diversity and are the principal determinants of receptor binding specificity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since iNKT cell activation can prevent or promote immunopathology in diverse disease contexts, the strict control of peripheral iNKT cell homeostasis is vital to regulate local immunity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Eliciting long-lived memory T cell response is an ultimate goal of vaccination to provide long-term immunity against cancer. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
  • Accumulating evidence has shown that the immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (T Reg ) play a critical role in the suppression of anti-tumor immunity. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
  • The student will learn about the different organs, cells and molecules and how these work and collaborate, and how cells and functions are regulated and stimulated. (uib.no)
  • Function of T helper cells: Antigen presenting cells ( APCs ) present antigen on their Class II MHC molecules ( MHC2 ). (wikidoc.org)
  • T cells mature in the thymus, where their affinity to MHC molecules is tested prior to subsequent release into the periphery. (biorxiv.org)
  • As an evasion mechanism, many tumors are able to stimulate the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, resulting in an exhausted phenotype of T cells that cannot restrain tumor progression [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The vast diversity of possible T-cell receptors (TCR) is generated by the random recombination of genes in the third complimentary determining regions (CDR3) within a TCR's α and β chains. (biorxiv.org)
  • They are essential in determining B cell antibody class switching , in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells , and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages . (wikidoc.org)
  • Professional antigen presenting cells are primarily dendritic cells , macrophages and B cells , although dendritic cells are the only cell group that expresses MHC Class II constitutively (at all times). (wikidoc.org)
  • Rat alveolar macrophages bound CEA with similar specificity to that of rat Kupffer cells. (duke.edu)
  • Alveolar macrophages, unlike Kupffer cells, did not rapidly exocytose the internalized CEA. (duke.edu)
  • In the Hanley lab, we use a multidisciplinary approach to study the interactions between HIV-1 and myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. (utah.edu)