AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Spinal Cord IschemiaSpinal CordParaplegiaSpinal Cord InjuriesIschemiaAortic Aneurysm, ThoracicParaparesisCerebrospinal Fluid PressureConstrictionReperfusion InjuryAorta, ThoracicReperfusionBlood Vessel Prosthesis ImplantationAortographyRabbitsInjections, SpinalSubclavian ArteryInfarctionSpinal Cord DiseasesParaparesis, SpasticMonitoring, IntraoperativeEvoked Potentials, SomatosensoryMyocardial IschemiaBrain IschemiaThoracic ArteriesAortic Aneurysm, AbdominalSpinal Cord CompressionTime FactorsSpinal Cord NeoplasmsDrainageMotor NeuronsEvoked Potentials, MotorIschemic PreconditioningAorta, AbdominalDisease Models, AnimalAortic DiseasesNeuroprotective AgentsEndovascular ProceduresNeurologic ExaminationHindlimbHypothermia, InducedBlood Vessel ProsthesisCerebrospinal FluidPostoperative ComplicationsRats, Sprague-DawleyVascular Surgical ProceduresAortic AneurysmRegional Blood FlowThoracotomyTreatment OutcomeRandom AllocationSpinal Nerve RootsAngioplastyAneurysm, DissectingSpinal NervesTomography, X-Ray ComputedIntraoperative ComplicationsEmbolismNeuronsIliac ArteryStentsSpinal Cord RegenerationMalondialdehydeIn Situ Nick-End LabelingAortic RuptureAnastomosis, SurgicalSpinal CanalSpinal NeoplasmsCervical VertebraeAnesthesia, SpinalQuadriplegiaProsthesis DesignImmunohistochemistryRetrospective StudiesThoracic VertebraeRecovery of FunctionSpinal DiseasesUmbilical CordPosterior Horn CellsLaminectomyLumbosacral Region
INFARCTIONAorticThoracicInjuryPosterior spinal aCervicalDeficitsRisk of spinal cordPathophysiologyTraumaBrainTissueLevel of the spinal cordMyelopathyCardiovascular DiseasesHemorrhageCerebralSacralAcute spinal cordTraumaticSensoryAnatomyNervesParaplegiaTractsDiagnosisHypoxiaNeurologicalHypotensionAortaSecondaryLumbarEndovascularLesionsDiverse pathologic processesNeurologicTransversePatientsCaudalCorticospinal tractVertebraeCerebrospinal fluidOperativeSymptomsOxygenSegmentThrombosisIncidenceArterialAnesthesiaCanalPatternsDiseasesCompressionInjuries
INFARCTION24
Aortic6
  • Predictors and outcomes of spinal cord injury following complex branched/fenestrated endovascular aortic repair in the US Aortic Research Consortium. (harvard.edu)
  • Preoperative Spinal Drain Placement is Associated with Reduced Risk of Spinal Cord Ischemia in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Aortic Dissection. (harvard.edu)
  • Spinal cord ischemia after endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) has also been reported. (mssm.edu)
  • Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the spinal cord is a dynamic process that frequently occurs during a variety of clinical situations such as thoracoabdominal aortic surgery or spinal cord injury [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During aortic aneurysm surgery, cross-clamping can lead to inadequate blood supply to the spinal cord resulting in neurological deficit. (cochrane.org)
  • To determine the effect of CSFD during thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgery on the risk of developing spinal cord injury. (cochrane.org)
Thoracic5
  • Paraplegia occurs when the legs are affected by the spinal cord damage (in thoracic, lumbar, or sacral injuries), and tetraplegia occurs when all four limbs are affected (cervical damage). (wikipedia.org)
  • Mid-thoracic levels are most vulnerable to ischemia (for example, as a result of thrombosis) as there is only one radicular artery supplying the anterior spinal artery in this region, and sparse anastomoses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Note that the spinal cord level doesn't line up precisely with the corresponding vertebrae, especially caudal to the thoracic spine. (emcrit.org)
  • The spinal cord is located inside the vertebral canal, which is formed by the foramina of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral vertebrae, which together form the spine. (medscape.com)
  • The thoracic cord has 12 segments and provides motor control to the thoracoabdominal musculature. (medscape.com)
Injury49
  • A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms may include loss of muscle function, sensation, or autonomic function in the parts of the body served by the spinal cord below the level of the injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • Injury can occur at any level of the spinal cord and can be complete, with a total loss of sensation and muscle function at lower sacral segments, or incomplete, meaning some nervous signals are able to travel past the injured area of the cord up to the Sacral S4-5 spinal cord segments. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the United States, about 12,000 people a year survive a spinal cord injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or nontraumatic, and can be classified into three types based on cause: mechanical forces, toxic, and ischemic (from lack of blood flow). (wikipedia.org)
  • The International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI), published by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), is widely used to document sensory and motor impairments following SCI. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a "complete" spinal injury, all functions below the injured area are lost, whether or not the spinal cord is severed. (wikipedia.org)
  • An "incomplete" spinal cord injury involves preservation of motor or sensory function below the level of injury in the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
  • First described by Spiller in 1909 [ 2 ], thrombosis of the anterior spinal artery is often due to fracture of a cervical vertebra or a cervical hyperextension injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study was undertaken to study the effects of exogenous H2S on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of spinal cord and the underlying mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effects of exogenous H2S on I/R injury were examined by using assessment of hind motor function, spinal cord infarct zone by Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Compared to I/R injury groups, H 2 S pretreatment had reduced spinal cord infarct zone, improved hind motor function in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In rat model of I/R injury, pretreatment of pre-miR-30c or 3-MA (an inhibitor for autophagy) can abrogated spinal cord protective effect of H2S. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the protective effect of H2S on I/R injury of spinal cord has not been described. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, we attempt to investigated the possible regulation role of H2S on spinal cord I/R injury in vitro or in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although no evidence for miR-30c in spinal cord I/R injury, it has been proved to be a neural protector by targeting brain derived neurotrophic factoras well as neurotrophin signaling and axon guidance [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy, a regulated process of degradation and recycling of cellular constituents, can participated in organelle turnover and the bioenergetic management of starvation of spinal cord injury [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considerable differences exist in terms of clinical complications after traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). (medscape.com)
  • Trauma to the spinal cord typically leads to a combination of symptoms and signs resulting from immediate and delayed injury. (medscape.com)
  • The cord fills the whole spinal canal at the injury level and leads to further secondary ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • Ischemia, toxic metabolic compounds, and electrolyte changes cause a secondary injury cascade. (medscape.com)
  • Several animal models exist to examine physiological and functional changes after the spinal cord injury with aim to explain knowledge about the spinal cord injury in human. (intechopen.com)
  • This chapter compares the arterial spinal cord blood supply of the frequently used species (pig, dog, cat, rabbit and rat) in experimental spinal cord injury and in human. (intechopen.com)
  • Spinal cord injury is associated with sustainable disability and results in loss of bladder, respiratory, cardiac, or sexual functions, and in varying degree of paralysis [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Neonates exposed to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury can have poor neurological and behavioral outcomes including cerebral palsy (CP) and incidences of learning deficits and disabilities due to the diffuse nature of the insults. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, a sensory level to light touch may be absent unless both of these are involved (e.g., a complete injury that involves all spinal cord tracts). (emcrit.org)
  • What treatments from the spinal cord injury literature are effective in patients with DCM? (aofoundation.org)
  • Postmortem microscopic examination of each dog's spinal cord at the lumbar intumescence revealed necrosis of the gray matter with relative white matter preservation suggestive of an ischemic injury. (avma.org)
  • These findings provide a unique behavioral model to define mechanisms and sequelae of perinatal brain injury from antenatal hypoxia-ischemia. (jneurosci.org)
  • Hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is also associated with subsequent cerebral injury in a disproportionately high percentage of the survivors of premature birth ( Volpe, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Uterine ischemia in the dams resulted in a distinct neurobehavioral phenotype in the newborn pups, which was characterized by an increase in forelimb tone that was significantly correlated with histological evidence of persistent injury to subcortical motor pathways involving the basal ganglia and anterior thalamus. (jneurosci.org)
  • There is usually primary spinal cord injury (SCI) that occurs within minutes of the original insult. (medscape.com)
  • To assess the occurrence and risk factors for complications following spinal cord injury during and after inpatient rehabilitation. (medicaljournals.se)
  • A total of 212 persons with a spinal cord injury admitted to specialized rehabilitation centres. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Multi-level random coefficient analyses revealed that complications were common following spinal cord injury. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Complications are common following spinal cord injury. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) is often followed by complications, which add to the detrimental effect that loss of motor, sensory and autonomic function have on a person's health, social participation and quality of life (1-4). (medicaljournals.se)
  • Draining CSF from the lumbar region may lessen the CSF pressure, improve blood flow to the spinal cord and reduce the risk of ischaemic spinal cord injury. (cochrane.org)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) may increase the perfusion pressure to the spinal cord and hence reduce the risk of ischaemic spinal cord injury. (cochrane.org)
  • CSFD did not have a significant benefit in preventing ischaemic injury to the spinal cord. (cochrane.org)
  • Recent work has indicated that direct-current (DC) fields may promote recovery after acute spinal cord injury. (thejns.org)
  • The rats were randomly allocated to one of four groups including 10 rats each: two groups received a 17-gm cord injury and two groups a 53-gm injury. (thejns.org)
  • At 8 weeks after injury, motor and somatosensory evoked potentials (MEP's and SSEP's) were recorded, and the axonal tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was introduced into the cord at T-6. (thejns.org)
  • There is evidence that posttraumatic ischemia is important in the pathogenesis of acute spinal cord injury (SCI). (thejns.org)
  • Thirty rats received a 53-gm clip compression injury on the cord at T-1 and were then randomly and blindly allocated to one of six treatment groups (five rats in each). (thejns.org)
  • Traumatic injury to the spinal cord initiates a series of pathological cellular processes that exacerbate tissue damage at and beyond the original site of injury. (researchsquare.com)
  • Here, we investigate whether Hv1 mediates microglial/macrophage activation and aggravates secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). (researchsquare.com)
  • Hence, therapeutic intervention during the window of secondary injury is key to influence the tissue and behavioral recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). (researchsquare.com)
  • Trauma is the most common cause of spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Posterior spinal a4
  • Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord which is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries. (harvard.edu)
  • Pattern of arterial supply to spinal cord and (left) territories of the anterior and posterior spinal arteries. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior spinal arteries are smaller paired arteries lying just medial to the dorsal roots. (medscape.com)
  • The spinal circulation comprises two paired posterior spinal arteries running down the dorsum of the cord and a single anterior artery found in the median fissure. (biomedcentral.com)
Cervical3
  • Craniocervical junction abnormalities are congenital or acquired abnormalities of the occipital bone, foramen magnum, or first two cervical vertebrae that decrease the space for the lower brain stem and cervical cord. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Nerves to the cervical cord are located closest to the middle of the cord, whereas nerves to the sacrum are located farthest towards the edges of the spinal cord. (emcrit.org)
  • Lhermitte's sign (an electric-shock sensation elicited by neck flexion that runs down the spine and sometimes into the limbs) suggests involvement of the posterior columns of the cervical spinal cord. (emcrit.org)
Deficits4
  • The classic presentation for anterior spinal artery ischemia or infarct is sensory deficits in the following pattern: distal to the lesion, pain and temperature are lost bilaterally (owing to the involvement of anterolateral spinothalamic tracts), but light touch, vibration and position sense are preserved (owing to sparing of dorsal columns). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, a central spinal cord lesion may cause neurologic deficits in a descending order. (emcrit.org)
  • Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy? (jneurosci.org)
  • Prenatal hypoxia-ischemia to the developing brain has been strongly implicated in the subsequent development of the hypertonic motor deficits of cerebral palsy (CP) in premature and full-term infants who present with neonatal encephalopathy. (jneurosci.org)
Risk of spinal cord1
  • however, the risk of spinal cord ischemia remains. (mssm.edu)
Pathophysiology1
  • In this case report, we review acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome and consider the pathophysiology, diagnostic measures and prognostic factors associated with patient recovery. (biomedcentral.com)
Trauma2
  • Compression by intervertebral discs or embolization of disc fragments can also cause ischemia (often without a history of trauma). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Spinal cord disease can result from diverse pathologic processes including trauma . (medscape.com)
Brain11
  • The purpose of the neurologic examination is to establish whether the patient's brain, special senses, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscle and skin receptors are functioning normally. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Neuroprotection of brain and spinal cord from peri-anesthetic ischemia. (mayo.edu)
  • What happens if there is posterior cord ischemia or brain ischemia? (studystack.com)
  • Normal voiding is essentially a spinal reflex modulated by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which coordinates function of the bladder and urethra. (medscape.com)
  • The central nervous system is composed of the brain, brain stem, and the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • The signal transmitted by the brain is routed through 2 intermediate segments (the brainstem and the sacral spinal cord) prior to reaching the bladder. (medscape.com)
  • Autopsy findings indicated acute brain and spinal cord damage due to hypoxia/ischemia (lack of oxygen), apparently a result of the cardiac arrest. (cdc.gov)
  • The death certificate, completed by the coroner of the deceased fire fighter's county, listed "Hypoxia / Ischemia, Acute [of the brain and spinal cord]" as the immediate cause of death, various autopsy findings as intermediate causes, and "Overexertion from responding to a fire call with Fire Dept" as the underlying cause. (cdc.gov)
  • The internal neuromodulation devices market is further segmented into spinal cord stimulation devices, deep brain stimulation devices, and other internal neuromodulation devices (vagus nerve stimulators, sacral nerve stimulators, and gastric electrical stimulators). (seekingalpha.com)
  • On the basis of application, the Neurosurgery Instruments Market is segmented into spinal cord stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and neuroendoscopy applications. (seekingalpha.com)
  • Myelopathy is a clinical diagnosis with localization of the neurological findings to the spinal cord, rather than the brain or the peripheral nervous system, and then to a particular segment of the spinal cord. (bvsalud.org)
Tissue2
  • Research into potential treatments includes stem cell implantation, hypothermia, engineered materials for tissue support, epidural spinal stimulation, and wearable robotic exoskeletons. (wikipedia.org)
  • This reduces the supply of blood and oxygen to the spinal cord (ischaemia) and tissue damage can lead to the partial or incomplete paralysis of the lower limbs (paresis) and paraplegia (paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body). (cochrane.org)
Level of the spinal cord1
Myelopathy2
  • Immediately after surgery, all dogs were paraplegic with pelvic limb neurologic dysfunction consistent with myelopathy affecting the L4 through caudal spinal cord segments. (avma.org)
  • Myelopathy can be the result of primary intrinsic disorders of the spinal cord or from secondary conditions, which result in extrinsic compression of the spinal cord. (bvsalud.org)
Cardiovascular Diseases1
  • The high growth of this segment can be attributed to the high incidence of ischemia and other cardiovascular diseases. (seekingalpha.com)
Hemorrhage2
  • To exclude other causes, such as compression or hemorrhage, MRI was repeated and revealed hyperintensity of the spinal cord gray matter on T2-weighted images, which microscopically corresponded with ischemic neurons and neuronal loss. (avma.org)
  • Fortunately, such diagnosis is generally obvious: hemorrhage, pneumothorax, and spinal shock are easily diagnosed by the experienced clinician. (medicosecuador.com)
Cerebral3
  • Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome is a rare condition comprising a small fraction of neurovascular accidents, the majority of which occur within the cerebral circulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most previous studies have employed models of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in postnatal animals. (jneurosci.org)
  • Various treatments are used to reduce the ischaemic insult to the spinal cord including temporary blood shunts (such as distal atriofemoral bypass and re-connection of intercostal and lumbar vessels), pharmaceutical interventions (to protect the heart and cerebral blood vessels), epidural cooling and CSF drainage. (cochrane.org)
Sacral2
  • The lumbar and sacral portions of the cord have 5 segments each. (medscape.com)
  • The cauda equina (Latin for horse tail) is the collection of lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots that travel caudally prior to exiting at their respective intervertebral foramina. (medscape.com)
Acute spinal cord4
  • A basic knowledge of the signs and symptoms of acute spinal cord dysfunction are required in order to perform a relevant history and physical examination. (medscape.com)
  • Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome with atypical patterns of sensory deficit is uncommon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome (ASCIS) is predictably due primarily to pathology in the anterior spinal artery, its feeders or its branches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data strongly indicate that an applied DC field can produce functional neurological and anatomical improvement in rats with acute spinal cord injuries. (thejns.org)
Traumatic1
  • Various pathological conditions, including surgical treatments, traumatic injuries, embolism, malformations and tumors, result in severe changes in the arterial blood supply to the spinal cord [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
Sensory7
  • Simplified representation of course of major sensory pathways in the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • Muscle weakness (involvement of the corticospinal tract) and sensory loss occur at the spinal cord segmental levels of infarct. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Spinal nerves and corresponding sensory dermatomes are shown above. (emcrit.org)
  • Evaluating for a sensory level using a pin to detect pain sensation is more sensitive to detect a spinal level originating from a lesion in the spinothalamic tract. (emcrit.org)
  • Patients with partial cord involvement may fail to display a sensory level. (emcrit.org)
  • Depending on its pathogenesis, spinal cord disease can manifest with variable impairment of motor, sensory, or autonomic function. (medscape.com)
  • The spinal nerves consist of the sensory nerve roots, which enter the spinal cord at each level, and the motor roots, which emerge from the cord at each level. (medscape.com)
Anatomy3
  • A complete understanding of the anatomy of the arterial blood supply to the spinal cord is critical for the anatomists and clinicians to determinate the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model for next studies. (intechopen.com)
  • This review focuses on spinal cord anatomy. (medscape.com)
  • Basic clinical descriptions of common patterns of spinal cord involvement are related to essential aspects of spinal cord anatomy. (medscape.com)
Nerves6
Paraplegia2
Tracts3
  • The territory of the anterior spinal artery covers the anterolateral and corticospinal tracts, but not the dorsal columns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What operations are the gracilis and cuneatus tracts of the posterior spinal cord assessed during? (studystack.com)
  • Three major tracts run through the spinal cord, as shown below. (emcrit.org)
Diagnosis1
  • The first step towards diagnosis and therapy is recognizing that the patient has some sort of spinal cord pathology. (emcrit.org)
Hypoxia2
  • Antenatal hypoxia-ischemia at preterm gestation results in hypertonia and abnormalities in motor control. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the present study, a new neurobehavioral battery of tests was used to characterize the motor performance of newborn pups after sustained hypoxia-ischemia to the preterm rabbit fetus at 67-70% gestation. (jneurosci.org)
Neurological1
  • The second trial of 33 patients reported that a combination of CSF drainage and papaverine in the region of the spinal cord (intrathecally) reduced the rate of postoperative neurological deficit compared to controls. (cochrane.org)
Hypotension3
  • Spinal cord protective measures (ie, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, steroids, prevention of hypotension) should be used for patients with the aforementioned risk factors undergoing endovascular TAA repair. (mssm.edu)
  • Loss of autoregulation and spinal shock cause systemic hypotension and exacerbate ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • Reduction in myocardial contractility results in decreased cardiac output, hypotension, systemic vasoconstriction, and cardiac ischemia. (medscape.com)
Aorta1
  • The arterial supply of the spinal cord arises from the aorta and at its cephalad and caudal ends from tributaries of the subclavian and iliac arteries. (medscape.com)
Secondary2
  • Dramatic neurologic deterioration following decompressive surgery for intervertebral disk herniation in dogs may be associated with the development of poliomyelomalacia secondary to ischemia. (avma.org)
  • Hours to days after the insult, there may be secondary SCI from edema, ischemia, and electrolyte shifts. (medscape.com)
Lumbar2
  • Within 24 hours after surgery, repeated MRI in all dogs revealed hyperintensity in the spinal cord gray matter of the lumbar intumescence on T2-weighted images. (avma.org)
  • The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum down to the level of the first and second lumbar vertebrae (at birth, down to second and third lumbar vertebrae). (medscape.com)
Endovascular2
  • This investigation reviews the occurrence of spinal cord ischemia after endovascular repair of descending TAAs at the Mount Sinai Medical Center. (mssm.edu)
  • In one patient, cord ischemia developed that manifested as early postoperative left leg weakness occurring after concomitant open infrarenal abdominal and endovascular TAA repair. (mssm.edu)
Lesions2
Diverse pathologic processes1
  • Spinal cord disease results from multiple diverse pathologic processes. (medscape.com)
Neurologic2
  • The neurologic deficit resolved 12 hours after spinal drainage, steroid bolus, and the maintenance of hemodynamic stability. (mssm.edu)
  • For specific nontraumatic neurologic diseases that affect the spinal cord, see Multiple Sclerosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , and other articles listed in Differentials. (medscape.com)
Transverse2
  • Transverse section of spinal cord showing location of main pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Less common causes of neurogenic shock include spinal anesthesia, transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome , and autonomic nervous system toxins. (medscape.com)
Patients5
  • Spinal cord ischemia developed in three of the 53 patients (5.7%) postoperatively. (mssm.edu)
  • Irreversible cord ischemia and paralysis occurred in both of these patients. (mssm.edu)
  • Current knowledge of the long-term outcome in patients with spinal cord ischemia is based on only a few small studies, some of which are discussed here. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Today, in well-organized spinal cord centers, 94% of patients survive the initial hospitalization. (medscape.com)
  • Background: The healing of foot wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus is frequently complicated by critical limb threatening ischemia (neuro-ischemic diabetic foot syndrome, DFS). (mdpi.com)
Caudal1
  • The conus medullaris is the cone-shaped termination of the caudal cord. (medscape.com)
Corticospinal tract1
  • Motor weakness may be used to evaluate the level of a spinal lesion that involves the corticospinal tract. (emcrit.org)
Vertebrae1
Cerebrospinal fluid1
Operative1
Symptoms2
  • The degree and type of present symptoms depend on the affected part of the spinal cord. (intechopen.com)
  • Kwaliteit van Leven Klein zijn kan psychosociale problemen veroorzaken en uit eerder onderzoek is gebleken dat deze problemen vaker voorkomen bij kinderen die in verband met hun lengte verwezen worden naar een arts anxiety zone symptoms [url=http://www.hardenfoundation.org/cheap-med/purchase-serpina-online/]buy serpina 60 caps online[/url]. (ehd.org)
Oxygen1
  • Shock is a life-threatening condition that results in a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand, leading to end-organ ischemia. (medscape.com)
Segment5
  • The spinal cord stimulation devices segment accounted for the largest share of the internal neuromodulation devices market, by type, in 2018. (seekingalpha.com)
  • The large share of this segment can be attributed to the rising healthcare expenditure per capita, an increase in aging demographics, and a growing number of people suffering from FBSS, ischemia, and chronic pain. (seekingalpha.com)
  • Ischemia segment to register the highest CAGR in the spinal cord stimulation applications market during the forecast period. (seekingalpha.com)
  • The ischemia segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. (seekingalpha.com)
  • The coccyx has only 1 spinal segment. (medscape.com)
Thrombosis1
  • If an unusual cause for the spinal thrombosis is suggested, such as vasculitis or infection, one must consider drugs effective in that disorder including steroids and antibiotics, respectively. (medscape.com)
Incidence1
  • Conversely, if spinal stroke is approximately 1.2% of strokes, an overall annual incidence of 12 in 100,000 can be estimated. (medscape.com)
Arterial1
  • The knowledge of the arterial blood supply to the spinal cord is very important in planning the procedures of the spinal cord treatment as well as in animal experiments. (intechopen.com)
Anesthesia1
  • In these 3 dogs, ischemia developed despite probable maintenance of normal spinal cord blood flow and perfusion during anesthesia. (avma.org)
Canal1
  • CT is superior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in visualizing fine bone detail in (but not the contents of) the posterior fossa, base of the skull, and spinal canal. (merckmanuals.com)
Patterns1
Diseases1
Compression2
  • In all dogs, MRI revealed spinal cord compression caused by L3-4 disk herniation. (avma.org)
  • In the present experiments, the therapeutic value of an applied DC field was studied in 40 rats with clip compression injuries of the cord at C7-T1. (thejns.org)
Injuries1
  • In many cases, spinal cord injuries require long-term physical and occupational therapy, especially if it interferes with activities of daily living. (wikipedia.org)