Solar activity. Medical search. Frequent questions

Patterns of solar irradiance and solar variation have been a main driver of climate change over the millions to billions of years of the geologic time scale. (wikipedia.org)
Since 1978, solar irradiance has been directly measured by satellites with very good accuracy. (wikipedia.org)
6 These measurements indicate that the Sun's total solar irradiance fluctuates by +-0.1% over the ~11 years of the solar cycle, but that its average value has been stable since the measurements started in 1978. (wikipedia.org)
Solar irradiance before the 1970s is estimated using proxy variables, such as tree rings, the number of sunspots, and the abundances of cosmogenic isotopes such as 10Be, all of which are calibrated to the post-1978 direct measurements. (wikipedia.org)
Arctic paleoclimate, in particular, has linked total solar irradiance variations and climate variability. (wikipedia.org)
A 2012 paper instead linked the Little Ice Age to volcanism, through an "unusual 50-year-long episode with four large sulfur-rich explosive eruptions," and claimed "large changes in solar irradiance are not required" to explain the phenomenon. (wikipedia.org)
In a new paper, two astrophysicists shred the IPCC-preferred and model-based PMOD solar data set and affirm the ACRIM, which is rooted in observation and shows an increase in total solar irradiance (TSI) during the 1980-2000 period. (notrickszone.com)
The paper shows Total Solar Irradiance [TSI] at the end of the 20th century was at the highest levels of the past 5,000 years, and a correspondence between solar activity and Arctic sea ice concentration. (blogspot.com)
The Possible Role of Solar Activity and Solar Irradiance in Climate Change. (com.mk)

Its activity manifests itself as dark sunspots and bright faculae on its visible surface, as well as violent mass ejections and the acceleration of high-energy particles resulting from the release of magnetic energy in its outer atmosphere. (sciencedaily.com)
Systematic observations of sunspots since the beginning of the 17th century indicate that solar activity also varies on longer timescales, including periods of very low activity, such as the so-called Maunder minimum between 1640 and 1700. (sciencedaily.com)
Before the magnetic nature of sunspots and other phenomena were discovered, a popular theory associated the activity cycle with the planetary orbital periods, primarily motivated by the similarity between the approximately 11-yr solar cycle and the 11.87 orbital period of Jupiter. (sciencedaily.com)
Solar activity has entered a deep decline with scientists saying there have already been 100 days this year where the sun has displayed zero sunspots. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
As the Sun enters a period of 'solar minimum' its activity has decreased, scientists report there have already been 100 days where the sun has displayed zero sunspots. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
Solar activity has been on a declining trend since the 1960s, as indicated by solar cycles 19-24, in which the maximum number of sunspots were 201, 111, 165, 159, 121 and 82, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
One of the most frequently observed events are solar flares: sudden, localized, transient increases in brightness that occur in active regions near sunspots . (windows2universe.org)
The amount of solar activity on the Sun is not constant, and is closely related to the typical number of sunspots that are visible. (windows2universe.org)
The number of sunspots and the levels of solar activity vary with an 11 year period known as the solar cycle . (windows2universe.org)
Sunspots, unemployment, and recessions, or Can the solar activity cycle shape the business cycle? (repec.org)
This paper explores the correlation between the solar activity cycles (as measured by the number of sunspots on the sun surface) and the timing of recessions in the US and other economies. (repec.org)
Learn image processing skills that will help you measure the size of solar sunspots. (montana.edu)
The formation and decay of strong magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere results in the changes of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun, of the intensity of plasma flows coming from the Sun, and the number of sunspots on the Sun's surface. (rael.org)
It is known that the sun exhibits an eleven-year solar cycle that corresponds to a change in the number of sunspots and magnetic activity on the sun. (bard.edu)
This correlation between solar activity and temperature has been critiqued by Schneider … "Over the past few hundred years, there has been a steady increase in the numbers of sunspots, at the time when the Earth has been getting warmer. (com.mk)

Solar flares are powerful bursts of radiation, while coronal mass ejections are massive clouds of solar material and magnetic fields that erupt from the Sun at incredible speeds. (scienceblog.com)
A 2010 study found that the composition of solar radiation might have changed slightly, with in an increase of ultraviolet radiation and a decrease in other wavelengths. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis of solar radiation showed that its maxima and minima almost coincide with the maxima and minima in the number of spots. (rael.org)
Mursula studies space climate, including radiation and particles in our solar system. (climatedepot.com)
The task is made easier by the large quantity of data available to scientists as solar radiation is being monitored on dozens of wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum. (climatedepot.com)
Students experiment with heat transfer through conduction by how well the oven is insulated and radiation by how well it absorbs solar radiation. (teachengineering.org)
First, we looked at the available solar radiation at the earth surface - the input we start with. (psu.edu)
Hottel, H.C., A Simple Model for Estimating the Transmittance of Direct Solar Radiation Through Clear Atmospheres , Solar Energy , 18, 129 (1976). (psu.edu)
Solar geoengineering is the deliberate injection of aerosols (metal oxide nanoparticles) into the troposphere to reflect solar radiation back into space. (scienceforums.net)
Further analysis of the reconstructed SIC record suggests that solar radiation may be an important forcing mechanism behind the historic sea-ice changes. (blogspot.com)
2001). The solar cycle also modulates the flux of short-wavelength solar radiation, from ultraviolet to X-ray and influences the frequency of solar flares, coronal mass ejections and other solar eruptive phenomena. (com.mk)
It is primarily composed of galactic radiation originating outside the solar system in addition to a varying degree of solar radiation. (cdc.gov)
The atmosphere of the Earth protects us and all life on the planet from cosmic rays, solar ultraviolet radiation and solar winds. (lu.se)
Air crew are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic ionizing radiation of galactic and solar origin and are among the more highly exposed occupational groups to ionizing radiation in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Cosmic - radiation dose depends primarily on altitude and geomagnetic latitude and to a lesser degree on solar activity. (cdc.gov)

September 2017 saw a spate of solar activity, with the Sun emitting 27 M-class and four X-class flares and releasing several powerful coronal mass ejections, or CMEs, between Sept. 6-10. (scienceblog.com)
NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory watches the corona at 10 different wavelengths on a 12-second cadence, enabling scientists to track highly dynamic events on the Sun such as these X2.2 and X9.3 solar flares. (scienceblog.com)
NOAA forecasters estimate a 70% chance of M-class solar flares and a 25% chance of X-flares on Sept. 30th. (apparentlyapparel.com)
NASA data shows clearly that sunspot counts and solar flares are dropping which is a clear indicator that solar activity is receding slightly, which means that the Earth's climate will change, only it won't be getting warmer. (com.mk)
Solar energetic particles are emitted in association with solar flares and coronal mass ejections and contribute to the production of cosmogenic radionuclides stored in environmental archives, such as ice cores and tree rings. (lu.se)

These six extreme UV images of the sun by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory track the rising level of solar activity as the sun ascends toward the 2013 peak of the current 11-year sunspot cycle, called Solar Cycle 24. (space.com)

One hypothesis is that these long solar cycles are caused by the gravity forces of the planets in the solar system. (climatedepot.com)
In addition, from the time series analysis of nitrate ion concentration record, three periods of 11 years, 22 years, and about 90 years, which may correspond to well known as solar activity cycles, were detected simultaneously, and it was established that the nitrate ion concentrations in the Antarctic Dome-Fuji ice core serve as a proxy of past solar activity. (nii.ac.jp)
Solar cycles, weather conditions, coastal geographic features, and human activities have been proposed as possible causes ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

In addition, climate scientist Gerald Meehl at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and his colleagues suggest that solar variability is leaving a definite imprint on climate, especially in the Pacific Ocean. (space.com)
Numerous paleoenvironmental reconstructions have looked for relationships between solar variability and climate. (wikipedia.org)
But the Academy of Finland's Centre of Excellence, the Research on Solar Long-term Variability and Effects (ReSoLVE) team, led by Mursula, is not satisfied with the current state of knowledge. (climatedepot.com)
Studying past solar activity can help us to improve the forcing used to drive paleoclimate simulations, and therefore improve our understanding of the climate variability in the past. (lu.se)

For instance, solar energetic particles and cosmic rays could reduce ozone levels in the stratosphere. (space.com)
Effects from September's solar activity were observed as Martian aurora and across the globe on Earth, in the form of events known as ground-level enhancements - showers of neutrons detected on the ground, produced when energetic particles accelerated by a solar eruption stream along Earth's magnetic field lines and flood the atmosphere. (scienceblog.com)
GOES also detected solar energetic particles associated with this activity. (scienceblog.com)
The gas in the solar corona is at very high temperatures (typically 1-2 million kelvins in most regions) so it is almost completely in a plasma state (made up of charged particles, mostly protons and electrons). (windows2universe.org)
The engine of the space climate is the sun, which exerts is influence on its environment by emitting light and releasing solar wind, a stream of charged particles. (climatedepot.com)
All our data on space particles are from the period of heightened solar activity. (climatedepot.com)
When sunlight strikes a solar cell, light particles known as photons excite the negatively charged electrons that usually occupy a quantum state of energy in the so-called valence band around an atom. (unl.edu)
Now greenhouse gases and particles are rapidly added by human activities, altering the atmospheric composition and therefore also the climate conditions. (lu.se)

These STEM Trunks are part of SSI's Solar Eclipse Activities for Libraries (SEAL) initiative and aim to get people excited about upcoming solar eclipses in 2023 and 2024! (mt.gov)
Experience the 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse at Legends Outlets! (legendsshopping.com)

A coronal mass ejection and prominence eruption observed in white light from the SMM (Solar Maximum Mission) spacecraft. (windows2universe.org)
The X-ray brightness from a large flare often exceeds the X-ray output from the rest of the Sun. Another type of event, the coronal mass ejection , typically disrupt helmet streamers in the solar corona . (windows2universe.org)
Coronal mass ejections propagate out in the solar wind, where they may encounter the Earth and influence geomagnetic activity. (windows2universe.org)
The darkest areas on the solar disk are likely coronal holes. (solen.info)

Records of geomagnetic field variations can also be used to relatively date geologic and archaeological archives and even to infer past changes in the Sun's magnetic field ("solar activity"), exploiting their combined influence on atmospheric production of cosmogenic radionuclides. (lu.se)

Even small changes in solar activity can impact Earth's climate in significant and surprisingly complex ways, researchers say. (space.com)
Information dating even further back can be gathered from drillings on ice caps, which contain isotopes that make it possible to draw conclusions on earlier changes in solar activity. (climatedepot.com)
The cosmic ray theory of Svensmark et al postulates that small changes in solar activity can have amplified effects upon the climate by inf. (blogspot.com)
One of the most common sceptical arguments against human-caused climate change is that changes in solar activity, rather than just CO2, is playing the biggest role. (com.mk)

Increased solar activity reduces galactic cosmic ray fluxes in mid-latitudes, thus reducing the atmospheric conductivity in this region, while at the same time solar protons may be "funnelled" by the Earth's magnetic field to polar regions resulting in an increased atmospheric conductivity there. (com.mk)
These results extend the bright, hard GeV emission from the disk observed with Fermi-LAT, seemingly due to hadronic Galactic cosmic rays showering on nuclei in the solar atmosphere. (bvsalud.org)

With multiple views of solar activity, scientists can better track the evolution and propagation of solar eruptions, with the goal of improving our understanding of space weather. (scienceblog.com)
We think most of the observed activity represents curtain eruptions from the 'tiger stripe' fractures, rather than intermittent geysers along them,' said Joseph Spitale, lead author of the study and a participating scientist on the Cassini mission at the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona. (nasa.gov)
Increased solar activity refers to strong solar winds and electromagnetic eruptions called solar storms. (climatedepot.com)

In comparison, the sun varies in the amount of light it emits by only 0.1 percent over the course of a relatively stable 11-year-long pattern known as the solar cycle. (space.com)
In fact, the sun could currently be on the cusp of a miniature version of the Maunder Minimum, since the current solar cycle is the weakest in more than 50 years. (space.com)
The frequency with which these phenomena occur varies in a somewhat irregular activity cycle of about 11 years, during which the global magnetic field of the Sun reverses. (sciencedaily.com)
The solar magnetic field and the activity cycle originate in a self-excited dynamo mechanism based upon convective flows and rotation in the outer third of the solar radius. (sciencedaily.com)
Timing was crucial, as the Sun was coming off of a profound deep minimum through 2009 and just beginning to become active with the start of solar cycle #24. (universetoday.com)
This was the most intense flare recorded during the current 11-year solar cycle. (scienceblog.com)
The X9.3 flare was the most intense flare recorded during the current solar cycle. (scienceblog.com)
JAXA/NASA's Hinode caught this video of an X8.2 flare on Sept. 10, 2017, the second largest flare of this solar cycle, with its X-ray Telescope. (scienceblog.com)
NOAA-NGDC Solar Cycle Data, 2010. (scirp.org)
The spacecraft also will provide the first-ever images of the Sun's poles and the never-before-observed magnetic environment there, which helps drive the Sun's 11-year solar cycle and its periodic outpouring of solar storms. (nasa.gov)
A 2001 paper identified a ~1500 year solar cycle that was a significant influence on North Atlantic climate throughout the Holocene. (wikipedia.org)
Shifting Pattern of Extraordinary Economic and Social Events in Relation to the Solar Cycle ," MPRA Paper 102163, University Library of Munich, Germany. (repec.org)
In point of fact PMOD failed to do this, instead selecting the ERBE results that were known to be degraded and sparse, because that made the solar cycle 21-22 trend agrees with TSI proxy models and the CAGW explanation of CO 2 as the driver of the global warming trend of the late 20th century. (notrickszone.com)
Jing-Song Wang and Liang Zhao from the National Satellite Meteorological Center and the National Climate Center in Peking respectively studied the impact of the 11-year solar activity cycle on June precipitation of various regions in China during the 20th century. (notrickszone.com)
This has been explained by two different top‐down mechanisms: a solar wind driven particle effect in the polar atmosphere during the declining phase of the solar cycle, and the re‐emergence and amplification of heat anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean produced by enhanced solar ultraviolet (UV). (uib.no)
I monitored the intensity and width of this absorption line over five years (i.e. less than one solar cycle), in order to monitor the effects of changing solar magnetic activity on the absorption line, thereby lending insight to magnetic fluctuations within the sun. (bard.edu)
I identified the properties of the Ca II K line, such as the intensity of the line that are correlated with the solar cycle. (bard.edu)
Variation in the solar energy flux is caused by variations in solar activity cycle. (com.mk)
WHO/PQS/E003/PV01: Performance specification: Solar power system for compression-cycle vaccine refrigerator or combined refrigerator and water- pack freezer. (who.int)

EST Sunday, Feb. 9, for the launch of Solar Orbiter, an international collaborative mission between ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA. (nasa.gov)
A new study using two NASA solar observatories reveals that asteroid 3200 Phaethon's tail is not dusty at all but is actually made of sodium gas. (nasa.gov)

New thread to post info on the sun's activity. (projectavalon.net)
It's not just the world that's gone into lockdown, the sun's activity has also fallen and scientists warn this could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
The scientists at the centre want to find out what has occurred in the sun's activity over the past 150 years. (climatedepot.com)

2009). Similarly, unidentified climate imprints on 10Be records could lead to erroneous solar activity reconstructions. (lu.se)

The activity originated from one fast-growing active region - an area of intense and complex magnetic fields - as it travelled across the Sun's Earth-facing side in concert with the star's normal rotation. (scienceblog.com)
This lesson includes several hands-on activities to familarize yourself with the concept of rotation. (montana.edu)
You will then use movies made with actual solar images to study the rotation rate of the Sun. (montana.edu)
This paper investigates the rotation rate of solar activity from a global point of view, considering daily index or flux, instead of individual structures. (aanda.org)
Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 74.4 ( decreasing 1.7 over the previous solar rotation). (solen.info)
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 94.1 - increasing 18.6 over the previous solar rotation. (solen.info)
Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 146 (increasing 23 over the last solar rotation). (solen.info)

These images were captured on Sept. 6, 2017, in a wavelength of extreme ultraviolet light that shows solar material heated to over one million degrees Fahrenheit. (scienceblog.com)

Many of the ways the scientists proposed these fluctuations in solar activity could influence Earth were complicated in nature. (space.com)
There are hundreds of studies showing that climate fluctuations of the past were in sync with solar activity. (notrickszone.com)
Numerous studies in the past have shown that solar fluctuations on decadal, century, and millennial scales have had a significant impact on climate development. (notrickszone.com)
The study clearly shows, yet again, that fluctuations in solar activity do not have the same impact in all regions. (notrickszone.com)
3). Experts connect solar fluctuations, planet's climate. (com.mk)

The annual 14 C data in tree rings is an outstanding proxy for uncovering extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events in the past. (lu.se)

Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 69.2. (solen.info)
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz. (solen.info)
We report the first detection of a TeV Î³-ray flux from the solar disk (6.3σ), based on 6.1 years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. (bvsalud.org)
The flux shows a strong indication of anticorrelation with solar activity. (bvsalud.org)

The sun's magnetic field has become weak, allowing extra cosmic rays into the solar system. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
2007). Due to its cosmic ray origin, the production rate of 10Be is modulated by the solar and geomagnetic shielding, hence providing useful information on changes of solar activity. (lu.se)

In 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics published a statistical study of the isotopic records of solar activity, in which scientists claimed that there is evidence of planetary influence on solar activity. (sciencedaily.com)
The instrument captures X-ray images of the corona to help scientists link changes in the Sun's magnetic field to explosive solar events like this flare. (scienceblog.com)
In addition to casting a breathtaking, passing shadow over the heads of millions of people, this total solar eclipse gives scientists a unique opportunity to study the Sun, Earth, and their interactions. (nasa.gov)

A total solar eclipse will darken a swath of North America as the Moon blocks the light of the Sun for a few minutes on April 8, 2024. (nasa.gov)
A Total Solar Eclipse will happen on April 8, 2024 - mark your calendars! (legendsshopping.com)

To learn more about how such tiny variations in solar energy might impact terrestrial climate, the National Research Council (NRC) convened dozens of experts in many fields, such as plasma physics, solar activity, atmospheric chemistry, fluid dynamics and energetic particle physics. (space.com)
Here we study how December to February climate is affected by two solar‐related drivers: geomagnetic activity (proxy of particle precipitation) and sunspot activity (proxy of solar UV) during 1948-2017. (uib.no)
Our results suggest that solar wind related particle precipitation and (lagged) solar UV mechanism provide independent, significant circulation signals in the North Atlantic winter. (uib.no)
Our knowledge regarding solar particle storms is mostly limited to the advent of neutron monitors in the 1950s, and satellites in the 1970s. (lu.se)
In the last decade, five extreme solar particle storms were detected in radionuclide records from ice cores and tree rings over the last 10,000 years. (lu.se)

On millennial timescales, paleoclimate indicators have been compared to cosmogenic isotope abundances as the latter are a proxy for solar activity. (wikipedia.org)
Cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 10Be in ice cores, are excellent tools to reconstruct past solar activity (e.g. (lu.se)

In 17th century, though, there was a prolonged reduction in solar activity called the Maunder minimum, which lasted roughly from 1645 to 1700. (rael.org)

To reconstruct solar activity over a millennium with an extremely good time resolution of just one year, the researchers used tree-ring archives from England and Switzerland. (com.mk)
Using ice core radionuclide data it is possible to reconstruct the spectral hardness and fluence spectra of the events, which are estimated to be about 100 times larger than modern events, as well as their relationship with solar activity levels. (lu.se)

One historical long-term correlation between solar activity and climate change is the 1645-1715 Maunder minimum, a period of little or no sunspot activity which partially overlapped the "Little Ice Age" during which cold weather prevailed in Europe. (wikipedia.org)
Holly Shaftel Instrumentally measured or reconstructed past climate changes often show positive correlation with solar activity at the wide range of time scales, such as from monthly (Takahashi et al. (com.mk)

They suggest a "significant percentage" of recent climate change has been solar-driven. (notrickszone.com)
Detailed knowledge about how climate and human activities influence the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane is needed in order to make the informed and effective decisions needed for combating climate change. (lu.se)
Improving the knowledge about feedback processes (from e.g. natural and human-induced vegetation changes), regional climate change or the influence of external natural forcing factors (e.g. solar forcing) will narrow down the uncertainties. (lu.se)

This also raises the interesting possibility that NASA's MAVEN spacecraft - which recently arrived in orbit around Mars - might just detect similar activity in the tenuous Martian atmosphere as well. (universetoday.com)
Solar Orbiter will observe the Sun with high spatial resolution telescopes and capture observations in the environment directly surrounding the spacecraft to create a one-of-a-kind picture of how the Sun can affect the space environment throughout our solar system. (nasa.gov)
The first of the four quarter sections that make up the solar array's ring-shaped outer part is carried to the Planck spacecraft for integration to the base of the service module. (esa.int)
In recent decades observations of unprecedented accuracy, sensitivity and scope (of both solar activity and terrestrial climate) have become available from spacecraft and show unequivocally that recent global warming is not caused by changes in the Sun. Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula. (wikipedia.org)

Their statistical analysis appeared to show that these coincidences are not due to chance, which would mean that the planets affect solar activity after all. (sciencedaily.com)
Earth is the oddball among the terrestrial planets in the inner solar system with its robust magnetic field. (universetoday.com)
Students use models to simulate seasonal changes, calculate gravity on other planets, create a phases of the moon slider and more-with an all-in-one kit that explores the solar system hands on! (danburylibrary.org)
Use this printable solar system craft when learning about the planets and their position in relation to the Sun. (teachstarter.com)
Students will decorate and cut out the sun and planets and attach them to the mobile to create a fun, eye-catching display of the solar system. (teachstarter.com)
Students can practice ordering the planets by creating this solar system hanging mobile. (teachstarter.com)

The PMOD rationale for using models to alter the Nimbus7/ERB data was to compensate for the sparsity of the ERBS/ERBE data and conform their gap results more closely to the proxy predictions of solar emission line models of TSI behavior. (notrickszone.com)

Still, "the light reaching the top of the Earth's atmosphere provides about 2,500 times as much energy as the total of all other sources combined," solar physicist Greg Kopp at the University of Colorado told SPACE.com. (space.com)
Events seen in the study tended to drop 140 to 120 kilometres in altitude in the Venusian atmosphere, highly suggestive of auroral activity seen in the ionosphere of Earth. (universetoday.com)
NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16, or GOES-16, watches the Sun's upper atmosphere - called the corona - at six different wavelengths, allowing it to observe a wide range of solar phenomena. (scienceblog.com)
Rising above the Sun's chromosphere , the temperature jumps sharply from a few tens of thousands of kelvins to as much as a few million kelvins in the Sun's outer atmosphere, the solar corona. (windows2universe.org)

We use reanalysis data of sea‐level pressure (SLP) and zonal wind (U) to show that both geomagnetic activity and sunspot activity independently and simultaneously produce atmospheric circulation responses in the North Atlantic whose evolutions clearly differ from each other. (uib.no)
We find the lagged sunspot activity responses in SLP to form zonal pressure patterns (wave‐train structure) resembling the Eurasian pattern. (uib.no)
Geomagnetic activity responses remain essentially the same when we introduce the lag with respect to sunspot activity supporting its independency as a driving mechanism. (uib.no)

In 2012, Astronomy & Astrophysics published a statistical study of the isotopic records of solar activity, in which Abreu et al. (sciencedaily.com)

This report provides a snapshot of the growth and activity in the compound photovoltaic technologies which underpin the solar market. (compoundsemiconductor.net)
Asif Anwar, Director, Strategy Analytics Strategic Technologies Practice, adds, "Despite the bankruptcy proceedings at Solyndra and Evergreen Solar, photovoltaic device and module manufacturers continue to announce efficiency improvements and capacity expansions. (compoundsemiconductor.net)
They learn about the benefits of solar power, and how architectural and building engineers integrate photovoltaic panels into the design of buildings. (teachengineering.org)
Lesson 2 covers fundamental principles of light concentration that are important for a number of solar energy conversion technologies - both thermal and photovoltaic conversion. (psu.edu)

https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1578472/solar-storm-warning-eruption-sun-blow-earth-time-predicted-space-weather/amp?gaa_at=la&gaa_n=AYc4yst-4T. (projectavalon.net)

19 November 2022 - Extreme Solar Activity Due to a Special Planetary Alignment? (projectavalon.net)

How this energy release occurs, and the relationship between different types of solar activity, is one of the many puzzles facing solar physicists today. (windows2universe.org)
In collaboration with an international team of colleagues, two UNL physicists have helped reveal the atomic-level mechanisms of a specially fabricated material that could improve the efficiency of solar cells. (unl.edu)

Key instruments aboard NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory, or STEREO, include a pair of coronagraphs - instruments that use a metal disk called an occulting disk to study the corona. (scienceblog.com)
The book commences with a brief review of the historical progress on the understanding of the solar-terrestrial connection and moves on to an objective scrutiny of the various hypothesis. (com.mk)

Solar activity may influence processes linked with trade wind strength. (space.com)

Many new types of solar panels are being develped for building applications, including building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), which create carbon-free electricity on site, while serving as roofing materials, patio overhangs and/or window shading devices. (teachengineering.org)

At midnight the visible solar disk was spotless. (solen.info)
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 12 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 219) and 9 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 139) SDO images on the visible solar disk. (solen.info)

Analysis of radioactive isotopes in tree rings and in polar ice sheets show that other such grand minima of solar activity have occurred over the past millenium, and also revealed a number of quasi-periods in the activity variations, ranging from 80 to about 2000 years. (sciencedaily.com)
Furthermore, detailed statistical analyses have time and again shown that apparent similarities between some planetary periods and solar activity variations were consistent with chance and were statistically insignificant. (sciencedaily.com)
They compared the quasi-periods found in this data set between 40 and 600 years with periods in the tidal torque exerted on a thin shell in the solar interior, which they assumed to be ellipsoidally deformed. (sciencedaily.com)
found seemingly striking similarities between the solar and the planetary periods in 5 period bands. (sciencedaily.com)
The quasi-periods in the isotope data therefore provide no evidence that there is any planetary effect on solar activity. (sciencedaily.com)
Models indicate that the combination of solar variations and volcanic activity can explain periods of relative warmth and cold between A.D. 1000 and 1900. (wikipedia.org)
These isotopes indicate that the sun was exceptionally active during the 20th century but periods of even greater activity took place thousands of years ago. (climatedepot.com)
Data from the paper shows Arctic sea ice concentrations were similar [or less than] the present during the Medieval & Roman Warm Periods & the late Holocene Climate Optimum, when solar activity was relatively high. (blogspot.com)

P. Stauning, "Reduced Solar Activity Disguises Global Temperature Rise," Atmospheric and Climate Sciences , Vol. 4 No. 1, 2014, pp. 60-63. (scirp.org)
A new post by Dan Pangburn shows that solar activity explains 95% of global temperature change over the past 403 years since 1610, including. (blogspot.com)

Without the reduction in the solar activity-related contributions the global temperatures would have increased steadily from 1980 to present. (scirp.org)
The authors find Arctic sea ice was at the highest concentrations during the Little Ice Age [LIA], corresponding to a period of very low solar activity [the LIA is coincidentally when instrumental observations of global temperatures began]. (blogspot.com)

We have both direct and indirect observations on solar activity available to us. (climatedepot.com)
It is based partly on my own observations and analysis, and partly on data from some of these solar data sources . (solen.info)

A paper under open review for Climate of the Past reconstructs climate and levels of 9 lakes in East Africa and finds the climate of East Africa is highly complex with each lake demonstrating vastly different behavior over the past 1,000 years, despite essentially the same forcings from ENSO and solar activity. (blogspot.com)

Under the present atmospheric composition, this past solar luminosity would have been insufficient to prevent water from uniformly freezing. (wikipedia.org)

claimed that there is evidence of planetary influence on solar activity. (sciencedaily.com)
In the three decades following 1978, the combination of solar and volcanic activity is estimated to have had a slight cooling influence. (wikipedia.org)
Can solar activity influence the occurrence of economic recessions? (repec.org)

During British Science Week , on the morning of Friday 20 March 2015, a solar eclipse will be visible over the UK. (britishscienceassociation.org)
Our activity sheet shows how to use different food to understand what's going on during the Solar Eclipse. (britishscienceassociation.org)
Good luck, and don't forget to Tweet us your edible eclipse pictures: @ScienceWeekUK #edibleeclipses (Please remember not to look directly at the sun when doing any eclipse activity. (britishscienceassociation.org)
The BBC has a range of events and activities for the Solar Eclipse, including the return of Dara O Briain and Professor Brian Cox to Jodrell Bank and our TV screens for three consecutive nights starting Wednesday 18 March. (britishscienceassociation.org)
This is a collection of 180 solar eclipse activity ideas for public libraries to use with patrons! (mt.gov)
This will be the last annular solar eclipse visible from the continental U.S. until June 21, 2039. (legendsshopping.com)

On the world scale, over the last 44 years (for which the data is available), all 4 maximums of the solar activity overlapped with minimums of the unemployment rate in the G7 countries, followed by its spikes within 2-3 years. (repec.org)
The dangers of utilizing ex-post-facto corrections by those who did not participate in the original science teams of satellite experiments are that erroneous interpretations of the data can occur because of a lack of detailed knowledge of the experiment and unwarranted manipulation of the data can be made based on a desire to support a particular solar model or some other nonempirical bias. (notrickszone.com)
Journal Article] High-Resolution 10Be and 36Cl Data From the Antarctic Dome Fuji Ice Core (-100 Years Around 5480 BCE): An Unusual Grand Solar Minimum Occurrence? (nii.ac.jp)
Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. (solen.info)
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. (solen.info)

With a new reconstructed record of solar activity, inferred from the radioactive isotopes of beryllium and carbon in ice cores covering the past 9400 years, Abreu et al. (sciencedaily.com)
The authors also show, contrary to claims of climate alarmists, that ENSO/El Nino activity at the end of the 20th century was near the lowest levels of the past 1,000 years, and solar activity at the end of the 20th century was at the highest levels of the past 1,000 years. (blogspot.com)
Second graph shows solar activity at the end of the 20th century was at the highest levels of the past 900 years. (blogspot.com)
A paper published today in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology reconstructs Arctic sea ice near West Greenland over the past 5,000 years and finds that solar activity "may be an important contributor to the sea-ice changes. (blogspot.com)

Phenomena and Processes2

Health Care1

Irradiance9

Sunspots15

Radiation15

Flares5

NASA's Solar Dynamics Ob1

Cycles3

Variability4

Particles8

20232

Coronal4

Geomagnetic Field1

Changes in solar activity4

Galactic2

Eruptions3

Cycle19

NASA2

Sun's activity3

Reconstructions1

Rotation7

Ultraviolet1

Fluctuations5

Extreme solar energeti1

Flux4

Cosmic2

Scientists3

Total Solar E2

Particle5

Cosmogenic2

17th century1

Reconstruct2

Correlation2

Climate change3

Spacecraft4

Planets6

Proxy1

Atmosphere4

Sunspot activity3

Astronomy1

Photovoltaic4

Eruption1

20221

Physicists2

Terrestrial2

Processes1

Types of solar1

Visible solar disk2

Periods8

Temperature2

Global Temperatures2

Observations2

Forcings1

Atmospheric composition1

Influence3

Eclipse6

DATA5

Past4