• The patterns of seed dispersal are determined in large part by the dispersal mechanism and this has important implications for the demographic and genetic structure of plant populations, as well as migration patterns and species interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seed dispersal is likely to have several benefits for different plant species. (wikipedia.org)
  • We collected mature cones and seeds of ten species of Ephedra in southwestern United States and measured nine morphological traits for each species. (springer.com)
  • Two species ( E. funerea and E. nevadensis ) have cone and seed morphologies intermediate between two seed dispersal syndromes. (springer.com)
  • Bird dispersal is thought to be the ancestral form of seed dispersal in ephedras as it is common in the Old World where Ephedra originated, but the three North American species dispersed by birds are not monophyletic. (springer.com)
  • Davidson DW, Morton SR (1984) Dispersal adaptations of some Acacia species in the Australian arid zone. (springer.com)
  • One possibility is that dioecious species suffer a competitive disadvantage with cosexuals because only half of the individuals in a dioecious population are seed bearing. (bioone.org)
  • A recent study of the seed dispersal methods of rainforest trees demonstrates that these methods play a primary role in the organization of plant species in tropical forests. (harvard.edu)
  • They analyzed the dispersal mechanisms and spatial distributions of 561 tree species found in the plot. (harvard.edu)
  • What they discovered was that species clustering was strongly correlated to the species' mode of seed dispersal. (harvard.edu)
  • Each species was categorized by one of five dispersal methods: ballistic (where seeds are liberated explosively), gravity, gyration (where the progression of seeds to the ground is slowed by the shape of the seeds), wind, and animal, the last of which was subcategorized by fruit size. (harvard.edu)
  • Upon comparison across all species and seed dispersal categories, they determined that trees with ballistic dispersal methods tended to have the tightest cluster size, with trees dispersing their seeds via gravity, gyration, wind, and fruit of increasing size showing progressively more diffuse spatial distributions. (harvard.edu)
  • Seed Dispersal and Seedling Establishment of Pinon and Juniper Species" by J. C. Chambers, Eugene W. Schupp et al. (usu.edu)
  • The number of seeds dispersed per hectare per day by each animal species was determined based on the number of seeds per faecal pellet, the number of faecal pellets per animal per day, and the density of animals per hectare. (newzealandecology.org)
  • This study examined how forest edges, fruit display size, and fruit colour influenced rates of seed dispersal in an endemic, bird-dispersed, New Zealand mistletoe species, Alepis flavida . (newzealandecology.org)
  • 2002) whereby data is presented in support of the contention that we overstated our argument that possums may be the only dispersal vector for large seeded native New Zealand species. (newzealandecology.org)
  • Several tropical forest legume species producing hard and brightly-colored seeds, which apparently evolved as mimics of fleshy fruit and arillate-seed models, have been presumed to be dispersed by avian frugivores through non-mutualistic interactions involving sensorial deception. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Here we examine the interactions between a typical so-called "mimetic seed" species and its potential dispersers in an Amazonian forest site, and propose that such interactions are best interpreted as mutualistic. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Intact Ormosia seeds were found in stomach contents of large-bodied terrestrial birds - including one tinamou, one trumpeter, and two cracid species which appear to be the main dispersers. (uea.ac.uk)
  • We argue that the hard, non-elastic O. lignivalvis seeds, and perhaps a number of other so-called mimetic-seed species, can function as similarly shaped and sized mineral grit universally swallowed by large gallinaceous birds, in that they help to crush and grind the mostly pliable seeds digested by their dispersers. (uea.ac.uk)
  • We consider other primate species as a potential seed disperser and conclude that Dialium germination is dependent on passage through bonobo guts. (hal.science)
  • We then use these results to assess the potential use of two different mechanistic wind dispersal models (WINDISPER and WALD) as descriptors of seed dispersal ecology for this species. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
  • Seed dispersal by ungulates is relatively understudied in South Africa, and with the variety of ungulate species found in the region, it is felt that more studies about this would help with understanding these systems which in turn would help with long-term conservation. (ukzn.ac.za)
  • Dispersal units of the species comprise fruits and seeds. (kib.ac.cn)
  • Seed Dispersal and Germination of an Endangered and Rare Species Urophysa rockii (Ranunculaceae)[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(3): 303-309. (kib.ac.cn)
  • Directional seed dispersal into tree-fall gaps may enhance seedling survival of light-demanding species and thus influence forest regeneration. (pensoft.net)
  • Many plant species rely on animal frugivores to disperse their seeds. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Bird species that may have the greatest potential to disperse a large volume and wide variety of plants, including large-seeded plants, tended to be less abundant outside of extensive forests, although one species, the figbird Sphecotheres viridis, was much more abundant in these areas. (edu.au)
  • The results suggest that the dispersal of certain plant taxa would be limited in this fragmented landscape, although the potential for the dispersal of large-seeded plants may remain, despite the loss of several large-gaped disperser species. (edu.au)
  • The seed dispersal mode of each species was determined based on published literature, the Kew Seed Information Database (http://data.kew.org/sid/) and the fruit and seed morphological traits. (plant-ecology.com)
  • 3) The seed dispersal modes affected species selection and vegetation restoration strategy directly. (plant-ecology.com)
  • To restore vegetation quickly and effectively, the species which have natural spread ability should be selected for afforestation plan, and species dispersal corridors are needed. (plant-ecology.com)
  • For both approaches and both ant species, seed dispersal was predominantly (44-84 % of all seeds) within 50 m from the maternal source, with fewer dispersal events at longer distances. (edu.au)
  • Ants in this semi-arid environment have demonstrated a greater capacity to disperse seeds than estimated elsewhere, which highlights their important role in this system, and suggests significant novel ecological and evolutionary consequences for myrmecochorous species in arid/semi-arid Australia. (edu.au)
  • The diet was quantified by analyzing the seeds found in fecal samples and testing the preference for plant resources, niche breadth, the importance of each bat species as dispersors, and the level of trophic niche overlap. (edu.pe)
  • The binturongs' fondness for these fruits creates a symbiosis, with the species playing an important role in seed dispersal, especially for strangler figs. However, these enigmatic mammals are threatened with extinction. (oryxthejournal.org)
  • A huge number of plant species is intentionally dispersed and cultivated by humans, but it is often associated with the dispersal of contaminant species. (grassland-restoration.eu)
  • Besides introducing new alien species, the unintentional dispersal of propagules by horticultural trade probably constitutes a more general LDD pathway for a large number of species, both native and alien, consequently having complex effects on plant populations and communities. (grassland-restoration.eu)
  • In my PhD project I explored the role of pollinators on seed set in clover seed production, and how pollinator abundance and species richness in turn were affected by local management and landscape composition. (lu.se)
  • In the case of fleshy-fruited plants, seed-dispersal in animal guts (endozoochory) often enhances the amount, the speed, and the asynchrony of germination, which can have important plant benefits. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dispersal characteristics and dispersal way of seeds and the biological characteristics of seed germination of Urophysa rockii were investigated in this paper. (kib.ac.cn)
  • Compared with darkness, light couldn't increase seed germination percentage, so light was not indispensable for germination of U.rockii. (kib.ac.cn)
  • The result showed that the filter paper was a better germination media for U.rockii seed germination than wet sand. (kib.ac.cn)
  • Seed Germination in Desert Plants. (kib.ac.cn)
  • Germination characteristics of Dendrophthoe pentandra seed[J]. Plant Diversity and Resources (植物分类与资源学报), 35 (1): 73-80Ma SB (马绍宾), Li DZ (李德铢), 2002. (kib.ac.cn)
  • In spermatophyte plants, seed dispersal is the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants have limited mobility and rely upon a variety of dispersal vectors to transport their seeds, including both abiotic vectors, such as the wind, and living (biotic) vectors such as birds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some plants are serotinous and only disperse their seeds in response to an environmental stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Competition with adult plants may also be lower when seeds are transported away from their parent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seed dispersal also allows plants to reach specific habitats that are favorable for survival, a hypothesis known as directed dispersal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seed dispersal may also allow plants to colonize vacant habitats and even new geographic regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Related plants often produce seeds that are dispersed in very different ways, raising questions of how and why plants undergo adaptive shifts in key aspects of their reproductive ecology. (springer.com)
  • Here we analyze the evolution of seed dispersal syndromes in an ancient group of plants. (springer.com)
  • Friedman WE, Carmichael JS (1996) Double fertilization in Gnetales: implications for understanding reproductive diversification among seed plants. (springer.com)
  • The writeup said that it was astonishing how many plants sprouted from the seeds the dog picked up. (proteacher.net)
  • The New Zealand avifauna has declined from human impacts, which might leave some larger-seeded native plants vulnerable to dispersal failure. (newzealandecology.org)
  • We tested whether two larger exotic frugivores (blackbird Turdus merula and song thrush T. philomelos ) dispersed native plants with seeds too large for the two smaller native frugivores. (newzealandecology.org)
  • To examine rates of seed dispersal, fruit removal rates were compared between plants growing on forest edges and in forest interior, and also between two morphs of plants with different coloured fruits. (newzealandecology.org)
  • Seed dispersal and fruit dispersal both of them refers to the carrying of these particular structures to places away from the plants producing them to other wider regions. (botanystudies.com)
  • Plants have adopted this dispersal mechanism because they are fixed to the ground therefore they had to develop a mechanism for distribution of their seeds and fruits. (botanystudies.com)
  • My research seeks to provide new insights to such an objective by focusing on the roles and impacts of nonrandom seed dispersal by lemur frugivores in biodiverse rainforests in Madagascar, where a majority of plants have traits adapted for seed dispersal by animals and the highly diverse plant communities are vying for a limited set of frugivore generalist taxa for seed dispersal services. (ox.ac.uk)
  • My work demonstrated that nonrandom seed dispersal by frugivores could positively affect plant populations and structure the spatial associations and the interactions between plants within a community. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Plants make seeds that can grow into new plants, but if the seeds just fall to the ground under the parent plant, they might not get enough sun, water or nutrients from the soil. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
  • Aims Fruit types and seed dispersal modes of plants play an important role in forest regeneration and colonization. (plant-ecology.com)
  • The seed dispersal mode spectrum of woody plants, herbs and lianas in the communities of Shilin Geopark were not significantly different from each other. (plant-ecology.com)
  • Fruit types and seed dispersal modes of plants in different communities in Shilin Geopark, Yunnan, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(6): 663-671. (plant-ecology.com)
  • We start by decomposing 'drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal' into intrinsic drivers (i.e. variation in traits of individual plants) and extrinsic drivers (i.e. variation in ecological context). (nau.edu)
  • Humanity has been an important dispersal vector for plants throughout history with its importance increasing especially fast in recent times. (grassland-restoration.eu)
  • Long-distance dispersal (LDD) events are very rare and highly stochastic processes, but they are disproportionately important and drive several large-scale ecological processes of key conservation importance. (grassland-restoration.eu)
  • We contend that this does not alter our overall conclusions, but agree that additional work is needed to balance any potential positive effects of possums as seed dispersers against their significant negative impacts on forested ecosystems. (newzealandecology.org)
  • The kererū is important in the seed dispersal of large native berries in forest ecosystems. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
  • Ants are prominent seed dispersal agents in many ecosystems, and dispersal distances are small in comparison with vertebrate dispersal agents. (edu.au)
  • Bats play a vital role in natural ecosystems in arthropod suppression, seed dispersal, and pollination. (cdc.gov)
  • Seed and cones traits were mapped onto two recent phylogenies to help reveal the evolutionary history of seed dispersal syndromes. (springer.com)
  • However, it is still unclear today as to how specific traits, conditions and trade-offs (particularly within short seed dispersal) affect LDD evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • We examine two spatially explicit models to determine the effect of a reduction in seed dispersers on the invasibility and persistence of dioecious populations. (bioone.org)
  • Even though dioecious females were allowed to produce twice as many seeds as cosexuals, our results show that a reduction in the number of seed dispersers causes a decrease in the ability of dioecious progeny to find uninhabited sites, thus reducing persistence times. (bioone.org)
  • Together with the native silvereye ( Zosterops lateralis ) they are the major seed dispersers over large areas of New Zealand. (newzealandecology.org)
  • Ormosia lignivalvis (Leguminosae: Papilionaceae) is a relatively rare but widespread canopy tree producing naked seeds with a conspicuous, bicolored (scarlet and black) hard seed coat, containing no nutrient rewards to its putative dispersers. (uea.ac.uk)
  • They are fruit eaters and excellent seed dispersers, helping in plant succession of barren areas. (besgroup.org)
  • The limitation of these seed dispersers is their maximum gape of about 14 mm. (besgroup.org)
  • Seed dispersal plays a critical role in rainforest regeneration patterns, hence loss of avian seed dispersers in fragmented landscapes may disrupt forest regeneration dynamics. (edu.au)
  • abstract = "Scatter-hoarding animals spread out cached seeds to reduce density-dependent theft of their food reserves. (wur.nl)
  • Long-distance seed dispersal (LDD) is a type of spatial dispersal that is currently defined by two forms, proportional and actual distance. (wikipedia.org)
  • While optimal control strategies for single individuals and small stands of R. ponticum are well described, effective regional control of the plant demands an improved understanding of its spatial dynamics, in particular its dispersal ecology. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, taking a phylogenetic and temporal approach, data showed that by using fruiting trees as seed-dispersal foci, lemur frugivores structure the spatial and phylogenetic patterns of early-stage plant-plant associations, setting the template for post-dispersal processes that influence ultimate patterns of plant recruitment. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This behaviour could lead to directed dispersal into areas with lower densities of conspecific trees, where seed and seedling survival are higher, and could profoundly affect the spatial structure of plant communities. (wur.nl)
  • Dispersal distances and deposition sites depend on the movement range of the disperser, and longer dispersal distances are sometimes accomplished through diplochory, the sequential dispersal by two or more different dispersal mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The naturalised European blackbird ( Turdus merula ) is the most widely distributed avian seed disperser in New Zealand. (newzealandecology.org)
  • This plant-animal interaction highlights positive effects between two major organisms of the Congo basin rainforest, and establishes the role of the bonobo as an efficient disperser of Dialium seeds. (hal.science)
  • Functional variation among frugivorous birds: implications for rainforest seed dispersal in a fragmented subtropical landscape. (edu.au)
  • We used this information to assess differences in the seed dispersal potential of frugivorous bird assemblages in a fragmented rainforest landscape of southeast Queensland, Australia. (edu.au)
  • Chambers JC, MacMahon JA (1994) A day in the life of a seed: movements and fates of seeds and their implications for natural and managed systems. (springer.com)
  • These findings can have critical implications for understanding the dynamics and functioning of biodiverse plant communities, given that seed dispersal determines the ecological patterns of plant diversity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To examine this proposition, we tracked seeds of a light-demanding palm ( Attalea butyracea ), with a focus on spiny rats ( Proechimys semispinosus ), the most-likely seed-removal agents. (pensoft.net)
  • Seed dispersal of Attalea phalerata (Palmae) by crested caracaras ( Caracara plancus ) in the Pantanal and a review of frugivory by raptors Ararajuba. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bonobos in turn ingest fruits with seeds that are disseminated in their feces (endozoochory) at considerable distances (average: 1.25 km after 24 hr of average transit time). (hal.science)
  • The empty dry brown fruits (textured and magnificent in and of themselves) will persist through the winter, but the phenomenon of revealing the red seeds on this tree will likely be over in a few days. (harvard.edu)
  • I describe seed dispersal by a ground weta in Nelson lakes National Park, and hypothesise that the unusual characteristics of fleshy fruits in New Zealand may result from coevolution with weta. (newzealandecology.org)
  • The fruits are exposed and quickly become gooey pulp embedded with seeds. (wikipedia.org)
  • This prevents them from swallowing bigger fruits, although they are able to handle larger, multi-seeded soft fruits. (besgroup.org)
  • We placed five fresh fruits (with their seed) in semi-permeable exclosures to exclude larger mammals at each station and tracked the directions in which seeds were moved and deposited intact. (pensoft.net)
  • We studied fruit dispersal in a lowland secondary forest near Kaikoura, where the only remaining native frugivores are relatively small (silvereye Zosterops lateralis , and bellbird Anthornis melanura ). (newzealandecology.org)
  • On the other hand, a total of 185 h of vigils of 5 fruiting tree crowns failed to result in any observed cases of seed removal by arboreal frugivores. (uea.ac.uk)
  • E. antisyphilitica ), and those with small, dry cone bracts and large seeds are dispersed by seed-caching rodents (e.g. (springer.com)
  • Seed dispersal by seed-caching rodents is common in North America and appears to have evolved several times, but this syndrome is absent form other continents. (springer.com)
  • Small mammals, particularly rodents, are often important seed-dispersal agents in Neotropical forests. (pensoft.net)
  • An example of LDD would be that of a plant developing a specific dispersal vector or morphology in order to allow for the dispersal of its seeds over a great distance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seeds dispersed by ants (myrmecochory) are not only dispersed short distances but are also buried underground by the ants. (wikipedia.org)
  • We established seed-removal stations at three distances relative to 28 gaps (gap center, gap edge, and intact forest 10 m from a gap edge) in a lowland forest in Central Panama. (pensoft.net)
  • From parentage assignment, we could not distinguish the maternal from each parent pair assigned to each seed, so we applied two approaches to estimate dispersal distances, one conservative (CONS), where the parent closest to the ant midden was considered to be maternal, and the second where both parents were deemed equally likely (EL) to be maternal, and used both distances. (edu.au)
  • Maximum seed dispersal distances detected were 417 m (CONS) and 423 m (EL), more than double the estimated global maximum. (edu.au)
  • Mean seed dispersal distances of 40 m (±5.8 SE) (CONS) and 79 m (±6.4 SE) (EL) exceeded the published global average of 2.24 m (±7.19 SD) by at least one order of magnitude. (edu.au)
  • Declines in native birds in New Zealand have raised questions about whether seed dispersal limits plant regeneration and whether introduced mammals such as brushtail possums ( Trichosurus vulpecula ) can replace absent native birds. (newzealandecology.org)
  • The goals of the workshop were to discuss seed dispersal by ungulates in Southern Africa and thus share and improve the collective knowledge on this ecological process and potentially initiate a network of collaborators. (ukzn.ac.za)
  • There is growing realization that intraspecific variation in seed dispersal can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. (nau.edu)
  • Cassowaries continue to be one of nature's most critical gardeners, with a new study into seed dispersal through their scats reaffirming their role in the ecological function of pockets of remnant rainforests. (phys.org)
  • I also performed crossing and cultivation experiments, and studied pollen micromorphology, pollination biology, breeding systems and seed dispersal mechanisms. (lu.se)
  • The bonobo-dialium positive interactions: seed dispersal mutualism. (hal.science)
  • And I investigated the interactions between pests and natural enemies under different management and landscape regimes, in order to elucidate which of these factors may contribute to functioning natural control in white clover seed production. (lu.se)
  • Avian dispersal of "mimetic seeds" of Ormosia lignivalvis by terrestrial granivores: Deception or mutualism? (uea.ac.uk)
  • Here we focus on seed dispersal mutualism between an animal (bonobo, Pan paniscus) and a plant (velvet tamarind trees, Dialium spp. (hal.science)
  • Understanding the value of frugivore-mediated seed dispersal depends upon comprehending the interaction between animals' foraging behaviors and the patterns of seed dispersal services they provide. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dalling, JW & Wirth, R 1998, ' Dispersal of Miconia argentea seeds by the leaf-cutting ant Atta colombica ', Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 705-710. (illinois.edu)
  • Seed dispersal is sometimes split into autochory (when dispersal is attained using the plant's own means) and allochory (when obtained through external means). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the distance and distribution of ant-mediated dispersal in arid/semi-arid environments remains poorly explored. (edu.au)
  • Remaining intrinsic drivers are poorly understood, and range from effects that are probably widespread, such as plant height, to drivers that are most likely sporadic, such as fruit or seed colour polymorphism. (nau.edu)
  • We tested this hypothesis with Central American agoutis and Astrocaryum standleyanum palm seeds on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. (wur.nl)
  • We radio-tracked seeds as they were cached and re-cached by agoutis, calculated the density of adult Astrocaryum trees surrounding each cache, and tested whether the observed number of trees around seed caches declined more than expected under random dispersal. (wur.nl)
  • Seedling establishment success was negatively dependent on seed density, and agoutis carried seeds towards locations with lower conspecific tree densities, thus facilitating the escape of seeds from natural enemies. (wur.nl)
  • Each seed-containing chamber has opened and a few lucky birds have had a feast. (harvard.edu)
  • We determined the relative contribution to seed dispersal by birds and possums in native secondary forest at Kowhai Bush, Kaikoura. (newzealandecology.org)
  • How far do birds disperse seeds in the degraded tropical landscape of Hong Kong, China? (besgroup.org)
  • We recorded a similar number of seed-crushing birds and large-gaped birds with fruit-dominated diets across site types. (edu.au)
  • Joshua B. Plotkin, a junior fellow in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University, and co-author Tristram Seidler published the results of their study on seed dispersal methods in the journal Public Library of Science - Biology (PLoS Biology). (harvard.edu)
  • Methods and terminology of study on seed morphology from China[J]. Acta Botanica BorealOccidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 24 (1): 178-188Li CY (李春雨), 2005. (kib.ac.cn)
  • This strong correlation demonstrates the long-term impact that these dispersal methods have on the organization of the large-scale forest. (harvard.edu)
  • Greene DF, Johnson EA (1989) A model of wind dispersal of winged or plumed seeds. (springer.com)
  • Students could also be on the lookout for seeds being dispersed by the wind. (proteacher.net)
  • Students explore seed dispersal by designing their own wind dispersed seed structure. (lessonplanet.com)
  • Hakea (Proteaceae) has winged seeds that rely on wind movement for dispersal, with seed dispersal being most effective in a post-fire environment. (edu.au)
  • The wind disperses silk cotton seeds - the "silk" we use was created to help the seeds move easily through the air. (thehindu.com)
  • Exploring characteristics of fruit types and dispersal modes in different plant communities could improve our understanding on the natural expansion mechanism of vegetation restoration, which is helpful for reducing karst rocky desertification. (plant-ecology.com)
  • This behaviour may be a widespread mechanism leading to highly effective seed dispersal by scatter-hoarding animals. (wur.nl)
  • Small mammals may have dispersed seeds into and within tree-fall gaps because they favored caching seeds in areas that offered increased cover, which is typical of gaps, and consequently protection from predation. (pensoft.net)
  • I also examined how spatiotemporal dynamics of the main clover seed pests affected seed yields through seed predation. (lu.se)
  • Recent research led by scientist Lara Shepherd used DNA sequencing to examine the origins of kōwhai seeds found on the beaches of the Chatham and Kermadec Islands. (tepapa.govt.nz)
  • One of my postgraduate students in Hong Kong, Jacqui Weir , measured how long seeds take to pass through the guts of Chinese (= light-vented) ( Pycnonotus sinensis ) and Red-whiskered Bulbuls ( P. jocosus ) and, using radio-telemetry, how far the bird moved, on average, during the gut passage time. (besgroup.org)
  • However, we do not have a good understanding of the drivers or causes of intraspecific variation in dispersal, how strong an effect these drivers have, and how widespread they are across dispersal modes. (nau.edu)
  • I will describe the results of two field experiments designed to quantify the dispersal pattern of R. ponticum seeds: 1. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
  • We used microsatellite markers and parentage assignment to quantify the distance and distribution of dispersed seeds of Acacia karina, retrieved from the middens of Iridomyrmex agilis and Melophorus turneri perthensis. (edu.au)
  • You could give them a fruit (apple, orange, grapes) to eat as they walk along and then talk about how they helped disperse the seeds of that fruit. (proteacher.net)
  • The first fruit, with its beautiful yellow and pink surface has just begun to split open its seed-containing chambers (carpels) to reveal singlets and pairs of bright red seeds. (harvard.edu)
  • Our objective was to study the effects of fruit types and seed dispersal modes on vegetation restoration in Shilin Geopark, Yunnan, China. (plant-ecology.com)
  • Fruit/seed size is the second most widely studied intrinsic driver, and is also relevant to a broad range of seed dispersal modes. (nau.edu)
  • The evolutionary history of Ephedra in North America suggests that the means of seed dispersal has been malleable. (springer.com)
  • Identifying factors that influence the ability of horticultural substrates to disperse seeds will also enable us to give better estimations of the magnitude and effectiveness of this dispersal pathway. (grassland-restoration.eu)
  • Understanding dispersal is becoming more and more important in the face of global climate change and the ever-increasing anthropogenic habitat destruction and alteration. (grassland-restoration.eu)
  • Overall, there is a highly significant relationship between mode of seed dispersal and the clustering and arrangement of mature trees in the rainforest," says Plotkin. (harvard.edu)
  • Seed Dispersal by Ungulates from Southern Africa was the title of a workshop organised at UKZN by the School of Life Sciences in partnership with the Centre for Invasion Biology, SANParks and the French National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (Irstea). (ukzn.ac.za)
  • While it has been suggested that such small mammals may preferentially disperse seeds into tree-fall gaps ( Carvajal and Adler 2008 ), this directed dispersal has not yet been verified. (pensoft.net)
  • An example would be a rare or unique incident in which a normally-lemur-dependent deciduous tree of Madagascar was to have seeds transported to the coastline of South Africa via attachment to a mermaid purse (egg case) laid by a shark or skate. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a first step to developing a better understanding, we present a broad, but not exhaustive, review of what is known about the drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal, and what remains uncertain. (nau.edu)
  • We then review our understanding of the major intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal, with an emphasis on variation among individuals. (nau.edu)
  • Finally, we present a selection of outstanding questions as a starting point to advance our understanding of individual variation in seed dispersal. (nau.edu)
  • These results suggest that the maintenance of dioecy in the presence of hermaphroditic competitors requires a substantial increase in relative fitness and/or a large dispersal advantage of dioecious seeds. (bioone.org)
  • Laboratory measurements of seed resistance, elasticity, and hardness showed that Ormosia seeds are extremely hard, and could, therefore, aid in the mechanical breakdown of softer seeds which make up a large proportion of the diet of these terrestrial granivores. (uea.ac.uk)