Root nodules plant. Medical search. Frequent questions

Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
however, it may be that the basic genetic and physiological requirements were present in an incipient state in the last common ancestors of all these plants, but only evolved to full function in some of them: Two main types of nodule have been described in legumes: determinate and indeterminate. (wikipedia.org)
Indeterminate nodules are found in the majority of legumes from all three sub-families, whether in temperate regions or in the tropics. (wikipedia.org)
Altogether, results of this project will provide insight into determinants and mechanisms used by the economically important group of soybean plants to maintain the integrity of specialized, root-derived organs, an aspect that is relevant also in the light of ongoing attempts to engineer non-legumes into rhizobial hosts. (europa.eu)
The symbiotic relationship between rhizobia, a type of soil bacteria, and some legumes may offer a blueprint for developing these "self-fertilizing" plants. (technologyreview.com)
Rhizobia infect legumes, which provide them a home in the form of nodules in their roots. (technologyreview.com)
Boosting nitrogen fixation could enhance overall plant productivity for farmers who grow legumes while reducing or eliminating nitrogen fertilizer use. (isaaa.org)
Plants such as soybeans, peas, peanuts, and other legumes benefit from symbiotic microbes that live in the soil and in plant tissues. (acs.org)
In legumes, the nitrogen-fixing microbes live in nodules that form on plants' roots. (acs.org)
Recently, peat-based root nodule bacterial inoculants containing TAL strains are using as biofertilizer in seven legumes distributed by Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Myanmar [9]. (scirp.org)
Bergersen F.J. 1982 Roots Nodules of legumes: Structure and Functions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Legumes, such as soybeans, alfalfa and clovers, are plants that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into plant-usable nitrogen. (missouri.edu)
The co-colonization of the roots of legumes with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the effects on P and Mn uptake are discussed. (intechopen.com)
The answer has been provided by special strains of bacteria which colonise the roots of legumes such as subterranean ('sub') clover and extract nitrogen from the air for the use of the plant. (the-rathouse.com)
My lab's major area of interest is root-microbe interactions in legumes. (sdstate.edu)
Legumes such as soybean form symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria resulting in root nodules. (sdstate.edu)
The nodules are specialized structures where atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by the bacterium, which in turn, is utilized by legumes for growth and development. (usda.gov)
However, some plant species, including legumes, are able to generate their own nitrogen-fixing because they host bacteria in their roots. (nationalpeanutboard.org)
A cover crop is a ready-to-sow seeds of fast-growing plants-often legumes or grasses-planted in late summer or fall into empty or fallow garden beds. (almanac.com)
Legumes work in harmony with bacteria that lives on their roots. (almanac.com)

Another type of determinate nodule is found in a wide range of herbs, shrubs and trees, such as Arachis (peanut). (wikipedia.org)
Here, we propose to decipher the molecular determinants that maintain determinate nodule identity using the B. diazoefficiens - soybean model. (europa.eu)
A 15-day-old Sesbania stem nodule revealed typical ultrastructure features of a determinate nodule, containing several bacteroids within symbiosomes. (usda.gov)

Indeed, high nitrogen content blocks nodule development as there is no benefit for the plant of forming the symbiosis. (wikipedia.org)
Cui S , Inaba S, Suzaki T, Yoshida S (2023) Developing for nutrient uptake: Induced organogenesis in parasitic plants and root nodule symbiosis. (parasiticplants.org)
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, in symbiosis with plants, facilitate acquisition of nutrients from the soil to their host. (uni-koeln.de)

The possibility that glutamate might serve as a source of reducing power, supporting fixation of N 2 to NH 3 by bacteroids in soybean root nodules, was investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Nitrogen fixation by excised soybean root nodules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Identification with proteomics of novel proteins associated with the peribacteroid membrane of soybean root nodules. (mpg.de)

Nitrogen fixation in the nodule is very oxygen sensitive. (wikipedia.org)
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia takes place in specialized organs of legume host plants, the root nodules. (europa.eu)
While rather deep molecular insights into plant-rhizobia recognition, early nodule organogenesis, regulation of nodulation and nitrogen fixation are available, much less is known about how nodule integrity is maintained and the origin of the underlying morphogenetic program. (europa.eu)
Evaluation of the effectiveness of Myanmar Bradyrhizobim strains isolated from soil samples of major black gram growing areas of Myanmar for plant growth and nitrogen fixation w as studied in pot experiments with completely randomized design and three replicates. (scirp.org)
In addition to the enhancement of scientific knowledge and scholarship, this research has economic and environmental benefits since symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume root nodules alleviates the use of chemical fertilizers. (sdstate.edu)
Q6: How does nitrogen fixation occur in plants? (virtualtourist.com)
A6: Nitrogen fixation occurs when nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is then used by plants. (virtualtourist.com)
Differentiation of plant cells during symbiotic nitrogen fixation. (mpg.de)

As a result, the plants require far less applied nitrogen fertilizer than other staple crops. (technologyreview.com)
In subsequent vegetable and fruit crops, plant water uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and photosynthesis are all impaired. (soci.org)
Plant breeders, especially in Asia, are actively seeking genetic solutions that will create crops capable of withstanding erratic environments. (soci.org)
These practices-such as boosting plants' genetic diversity and planting "cover crops" that fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and add it to the soil-can help improve soil health and return more carbon to the earth. (nationalgeographic.com)
Farmers plant sunflowers as part of a mix of cover crops to improve soil, conserve water, and reduce pesticide use. (nationalgeographic.com)
Most plants, including our crops, take up nitrogen from the soil and are thus not naturally exposed to very high nitrogen concentrations. (sciencedaily.com)
Ongoing work aims to decipher the genetic basis of the ultra-absorptive plant structures discovered in this study, which may ultimately be transferred to our crops and thereby increase their nitrogen uptake rate. (sciencedaily.com)
4. Crop Rotation and Cover Crops: Rotating crops and planting cover crops can help improve soil fertility by increasing the nitrogen content. (virtualtourist.com)
Because plants use nitrogen from the soil, farming crops can often deplete the available fixed nitrogen in the soil faster than it can be regenerated. (nationalpeanutboard.org)
All of these attributes make peanuts an excellent crop to plant in rotation with other crops. (nationalpeanutboard.org)
Planting cover crops at the end of the growing season is becoming more popular, even in small gardens. (almanac.com)
Here's advice and our charts for planting cover crops by region. (almanac.com)
Cover crops literally make a living "cover" to sustain soil life until spring planting. (almanac.com)
When Do You Plant Cover Crops? (almanac.com)
Oats are fast-growing, cool-season crops with fibrous roots that loosens tight soil. (almanac.com)

Soybean field not previously planted to soybeans. (pioneer.com)
Field not previously planted to soybeans shows symptoms of nitrogen deficiency. (pioneer.com)
These bacteria form a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants like soybeans, peas, and clover. (virtualtourist.com)

Outlines are given for genetic engineering and plant breeding. (mdpi.com)

The bacteria reside in nodules on the plant's roots and convert nitrogen gas into ammonia, which can be utilized by the plant. (virtualtourist.com)
The rhizobium bacteria, or more specifically Bradyrhizobium , that develop in nodules on the peanut plant's roots live off of the plant itself. (nationalpeanutboard.org)

So the team plans to reduce the carbon footprint of fertilizer by genetically engineering plants and soil microbes to, in effect, make their own. (technologyreview.com)
But now you can introduce many genes into plants-and not just the plants, but the soil microbes associated with plants," Voigt explains. (technologyreview.com)
Endophytic microorganisms are referred to as the microbes that inhabit the internal parts of a plant. (frontiersin.org)
Only a few microorganisms such as endophytic microbes and mycorrhiza fungi can be exceptional and find their way into the inner tissues of a plant. (frontiersin.org)
Root exudates are complex mixtures making up a chemical language for recruiting and establishing beneficial rhizosphere microbes. (unl.edu)
Rhizosphere microbes, in turn, help maintain the long-term health of the plant. (unl.edu)
Bayer and Ginkgo Bioworks are forming a new company to exploit the potential of synthetic biology to improve microbes that help plants grow. (acs.org)
A major scientific target of the two firms' technology will be to design microbes with an improved ability to deliver nitrogen to plants. (acs.org)
Two major research thrusts in the lab are to determine plant mechanisms that (i) dictate the development of symbiotic root nodules and (ii) recruit beneficial microbes. (sdstate.edu)

these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. (pfaf.org)
In effect, a feedback loop was initiated that caused the rhizobia to start fixing more atmospheric nitrogen, which the plant then use to make more seeds. (isaaa.org)
The bacteria reside in these root nodules, where they use a nitrogenase enzyme to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonium (NH4+), a form of nitrogen available to the plant. (pioneer.com)
A survey of agricultural technologies influencing the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds in crop plants is presented, including observations on the effects of light, temperature, mineral nutrition, water management, grafting, elevated atmospheric CO 2 , growth and differentiation of the plant and application of elicitors, stimulating agents and plant activators. (mdpi.com)
However, atmospheric nitrogen cannot be directly utilized by plants. (virtualtourist.com)
3. Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria: Certain bacteria, known as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants. (virtualtourist.com)
And once the nodules are formed [the bacteria] takes the atmospheric nitrogen from the air and fixes the nitrogen from the air to the plant, from the plant to the soil. (nationalpeanutboard.org)

As a reflection, p arasitic plants and legume species produce specialized organs, the haustorium and the nodule, respectively, in order to acquire unique routes for nutrient uptake through intimate interaction with surrounding organisms. (parasiticplants.org)
summaries recent advances on the molecular control of haustorium development in Orobanchaceae species and root nodule establishment in legume family with step-by-step comparisons, with the focus on the common regulatory roles of phytohormones and environmental nitrogen at different stages of corresponding organogenesis. (parasiticplants.org)
As the climate warms, resilient invasive species like Autumn olive can gain even more of a foothold over native plants. (nature.org)
In the farmed plant species, specialized ants exclusively defecate on hyper-absorptive warts on the walls inside the plant. (sciencedaily.com)
In closely-related non-farmed plant species living in the same Fijian rainforests, the ants do not show this farming behaviour. (sciencedaily.com)
All species of Elaeagnaceae have root nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Frankia ). (efloras.org)
The capacity to fix nitrogen is advantageous to species colonizing disturbed habitats and may account, in part, for the occurrence of Russian olive ( Elaeagnus angustifolia ) as an invasive plant in parts of North America. (efloras.org)
Bromeliaceae is a diversified family of plants with terrestrial or epiphytic habitats, encompassing about 2,900 described species ( Holst & Luther 2004 HOLST, B.K. & LUTHER, H.E. 2004. (scielo.br)
Several Bradyrhizobium species are able to induce effective nodules in black gram cultivars. (scirp.org)
They are nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbionts of many species of woody dicotyledonous plants. (bvsalud.org)

To this end, we aimed to identify promoters exhibiting cell type enriched expression in roots of the model legume Lotus japonicus , as no comprehensive set of such promoters usable in legume roots is available to date. (biomedcentral.com)
This is done in nodules on legume roots. (nzdl.org)

living in root nodules of leguminous plants. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Although by far the majority of plants able to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules are in the legume family Fabaceae, there are a few exceptions: Actinorhizal plants such as alder and bayberry can form (less complex) nitrogen-fixing nodules, thanks to a symbiotic association with Frankia bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Evidence that associated soil bacteria may influence root hair infection of actinorhizal plants by Frankia. (who.int)
Nodulation of actinorhizal plants (Alnus rubra Bong, and others) by isolated Frankia strains occurred either at a low frequency or not at all under axenic conditions. (who.int)
But nodulation was achieved under nonsterile conditions and four strains of bacteria were isolated which promoted nodulation when plants were inoculated with the bacteria plus Frankia. (who.int)
Root hair deformation occurred when roots of A. rubra were inoculated with these bacterial isolates, or with the bacteria plus Frankia, but rarely or not at all when roots were inoculated with the actinomycete alone. (who.int)

Establishment and maintenance of mutualistic plant-microbial interactions in the rhizosphere and within plant roots involve several root cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
The progression of legume root interactions with rhizobial bacteria has been addressed in numerous studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. (usda.gov)
These causes are a result of interactions between the plant genotype and the prevailing or changing environment. (soci.org)

The Rhizobium bacteria present in the root nodules of pea plants can fix one of the following from the atmosphere. (philoid.com)
The Rhizobium bacteria present in the root nodules of pea plants can fix nitrogen. (philoid.com)
To increase the growth of these nitrogen-fixing nodules, after soaking and just prior to planting, mix legume seeds with rhizobium culture powder. (nzdl.org)

Interestingly, soybean nodules elicited by a Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens mutant lacking the general stress response sigma factor σEcfG also formed ectopic roots (host's project), pointing to a bacteria-plant signalling system that is crucial for nodule persistence and integrity. (europa.eu)
The nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight and acetylene reduction activity of the plant inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii LauBG38 were significantly higher in ARA per plant, nodule and shoot dry weights than the other tested isolates in both Yezin -4 and Yezin-7 black gram varieties. (scirp.org)

Effects of O 2 concentrations and various haemoglobins on respiration and nitrogenase activity of bacteroids from stem and root nodules of Sesbania rostrata and of the same bacteria from continuous cultures. (microbiologyresearch.org)
strain MUS10 forms nodules on the roots and stems of Sesbania rostrata, a green manure crop. (usda.gov)
strain MUS10 forms nitrogen-fixing stem nodules on Sesbania rostrata, a tropical green-manure crop. (usda.gov)

These determinate nodules lose meristematic activity shortly after initiation, thus growth is due to cell expansion resulting in mature nodules which are spherical in shape. (wikipedia.org)
Initiation and developmental progression of haustorium and nodule require signal guidance from the interacting partners and acquisition of new cell fates regulated by intrinsic hormonal and gene networks. (parasiticplants.org)
For this relationship to develop, rhizobia bacteria must be present in the root initiation area. (pioneer.com)

They gain entrance into the seed, leaf, stem, and root of a plant and they are not harmful to the host plant ( Yadav, 2018 ). (frontiersin.org)
RhizoDive is an exciting high school laboratory opportunity where students learn about nitrogen sustainability, microbial biodiversity and/or plant meristems (stem cells). (sdstate.edu)
In this study, anatomical and morphological changes leading to the formation of stem nodules are reported. (usda.gov)
In this study, the ultrastructural events associated with the formation of stem nodules were investigated. (usda.gov)
A2: Nitrogen promotes healthy leaf and stem growth, enhances chlorophyll production, and stimulates root development, leading to increased productivity and higher crop yields. (virtualtourist.com)

Gel filtration of nitrogenase from soybean root nodule bacteroids. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Properties of terminal oxidase systems of bacteroids from root nodules of soybean and cowpea and of N 2 -fixing bacteria grown in continuous culture. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Abstract Many antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, crop protection agents and food preservatives originate from molecules produced by bacteria, fungi or plants. (scienceopen.com)
In fact, when a farmer plows under a crop of rye he does not add any material to the soil excepting what the plant obtained from the air, and this is always available from the air. (wikisource.org)
The plant is widely grown in the tropics as a green manure, often as a cover crop. (pfaf.org)
Further research in this area will help farmers to increase crop yield through less chemical fertilizer input and more recycling of plant nutrients. (usda.gov)
Two main fields of interest form the background of actual demand for optimized levels of phenolic compounds in crop plants. (mdpi.com)
Peanut hay, or the plant material left behind after the peanut pods are harvested, also has residual nitrogen in the vines and leaves that can be tilled back into the soil to decompose and naturally fertilize the field for the next crop to be planted. (nationalpeanutboard.org)
Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) , a legume, is used as a cover crop to restore nitrogen to the soil for healthier plants. (almanac.com)

Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia. (wikipedia.org)

Root expression patterns are independent of infection with rhizobial bacteria, providing a stable read-out in the root section responsive to symbiotic bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Keeping nodules in check: Interplay of rhizobial and host factors controlling nodule morphogenesis and identity in legume plants. (europa.eu)

Inoculate peas to encourage formation of nitrogen-producing nodules on the plant roots. (johnnyseeds.com)
The situation improved dramatically when the role of the bacteria in the root nodules came to light, followed by techniques to inoculate the seed with compatible varieties of bacteria. (the-rathouse.com)

The regulation of plant thiol metabolism highlights nature's ability to engineer pathways that respond to multiple inputs and cellular demands using mechanisms that range from the simple to the elaborate. (unl.edu)
Role of abscisic acid in the regulation of cell expansion in roots at low water potentials. (agri.gov.il)

Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. (scienceopen.com)
A method is presented for the rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA (50,000 base pairs or more in length) which is free of contaminants which interfere with complete digestion by restriction endonucleases. (scienceopen.com)
These molecular events coordinate host responses across root cell layers during microbe invasion, ultimately triggering changes of root cell fates. (biomedcentral.com)
However, tools to globally resolve the succession of molecular events in the host root at the cell type level have been lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
GUS fusions to characterize promoters stemming from Arabidopsis, tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) or L. japonicus with respect to their expression in major cell types of the L. japonicus root differentiation zone, which shows molecular and morphological responses to symbiotic bacteria and fungi. (biomedcentral.com)
We will combine plant molecular genetics, cell biology with transcriptomics and metabolomics to unravel cells, genes and metabolic networks that contribute to the checkpoint system ensuring nodule integrity. (europa.eu)
Plant Molecular Biology. (usda.gov)
We examine the role of miRNAs in nodule development using a number of different approaches including genetics, genomics, molecular and cellular biology and microscopy. (sdstate.edu)

Aspartate aminotransferase in alfalfa nodules: localization of mRNA during effective and ineffective nodule development and promoter analysis. (usda.gov)
The tools for manipulating plants have been pretty ineffective to date. (technologyreview.com)

These are always associated with the axils of lateral or adventitious roots and are formed following infection via cracks where these roots emerge and not using root hairs. (wikipedia.org)
Increased herbage yield in alfalfa associated with selection for fibrous and lateral roots. (usda.gov)
Research article describing soybean nodule and lateral root GRNs work by post-doc Shuchi Smita published in collaboration with Qin Ma lab ( in silico plants ). (sdstate.edu)

Sixty-eight bacterial strains were isolated from 3 different microhabitats of V. gigantea and from 2 microhabitats of T. aeranthos bromeliad plants. (scielo.br)
The nonendophytic bacterial strains were not detected within the nodule tissue. (who.int)

Biological control of Phytophthora root rots on alfalfa and soybean with Streptomyces . (usda.gov)
Suppression of the root-lesion nematode ( Pratylenchus penetrans ) in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) by Streptomyces spp. (usda.gov)
Decreased NADH glutamate synthase activity in nodules and flowers of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) transformed with an antisense glutamate synthase transgene. (usda.gov)
NADH-glutamate synthase in alfalfa root nodules. (usda.gov)
Analyses of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene structure and expression in alfalfa nodules. (usda.gov)

Fertility may be defined as that condition of the soil which yields the maximum of that material which the plant is capable of using for the best development of those qualities which the farmer desires. (wikisource.org)
Soil compaction limits rooting and root hair development. (pioneer.com)
Their role in nodule development is largely unknown. (sdstate.edu)
We are proud to be part of this center and lead efforts on infrastructure development for plant imaging and informatics. (sdstate.edu)
A1: Nitrogen is a vital nutrient required for various plant processes, including photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and overall growth and development. (virtualtourist.com)
nodule development on the lower peanut root. (nationalpeanutboard.org)

Plant Physiology. (usda.gov)
Research has demonstrated that millions of years of ant agriculture has remodeled plant physiology. (sciencedaily.com)
Research, led by Dr Guillaume Chomicki from the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, has demonstrated that millions of years of ant agriculture has remodelled plant physiology. (sciencedaily.com)
This supports the notion that millions of years of ant agriculture have remodelled plant physiology, shifting from ant-derived nutrients as by-products to active and targeted fertilization on hyper-absorptive sites. (sciencedaily.com)

Plants have evolved various strategies to adapt nutrient limited condition. (parasiticplants.org)
After penetration, intracellular hyphae form fine-branched structures in cortical cells termed arbuscules, representing the major site where bidirectional nutrient exchange takes place between the host plant and fungus. (uni-koeln.de)
A9: Yes, excessive nitrogen can lead to an imbalance in soil nutrients, causing nutrient deficiencies or toxicity in plants. (virtualtourist.com)
Soil Microbiology and Its Effects on Nutrient Availability and Uptake in Plants (and other things)! (jakesonline.org)

Microorganisms that live inside and around a plant can supply it with essential substances, such as phytohormones and essential nutrients. (scielo.br)
Nitrogen from the air (N 2 ) enters the nitrogen cycle through several unique types of microorganisms that can convert N 2 gas to inorganic forms usable by plants. (missouri.edu)
Some of these microorganisms live in the soil, while others live in nodules of roots of certain plants. (missouri.edu)
Soil microorganisms naturally break down components in soil, such as dead plants and organisms. (jakesonline.org)

How do we use plant and microbial engineering, and biotechnology, to chip away at carbon emissions from agriculture? (technologyreview.com)
A better understanding of the relationships between soil pH, organic matter content (SOM), microbial community, soil P content and the plant strategies to mobilize it, as well as plant effects on the soil solution concentrations of Mn, is important for the management of these systems. (intechopen.com)
We are also interested in determining plant mechanisms that influence the microbial diversity in the rhizosphere and plant intercellular spaces. (sdstate.edu)

The energy for splitting the nitrogen gas in the nodule comes from sugar that is translocated from the leaf (a product of photosynthesis). (wikipedia.org)

Here, we show that among 45 transcription factors up-regulated in mycorrhizal roots of the legume Lotus japonicus, expression of a unique GRAS protein particularly increases in arbuscule-containing cells under low phosphate conditions and displays a phylogenetic pattern characteristic of symbiotic genes. (uni-koeln.de)

Out of 24 tested promoters, 11 showed cell type enriched activity in L. japonicus roots. (biomedcentral.com)
11 promoters from Arabidopsis (10) or tomato (1) with enriched activity in major L. japonicus root and nodule cell types have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
Cross-section of L. japonicus root (differentiation zone). (biomedcentral.com)

As related plants are actinorhizal, it is believed that the plant "switched partner" in its evolution. (wikipedia.org)

Once it takes root, it is a prolific seed producer, creating 200,000 seeds from a single plant each year. (nature.org)
These plants have seeds that are easy to scatter, and they do the hard work of fixing nutrients in the soil and improving soil condition over the winter before spring planting. (almanac.com)

Having a genome map is a key step in understanding how these remarkable plants thrive in stressful environments. (nationalgeographic.com)

Parasponia, a tropical genus in the Cannabaceae is also able to interact with rhizobia and form nitrogen-fixing nodules. (wikipedia.org)
There has to be a native bacteria present in the soil and that has to come into contact with the root of the peanut plant to form a nodule on the roots. (nationalpeanutboard.org)

To determine if host plant abundance determined the size of clover root weevil (CRW) Sitona obsoletus larval populations, a study was conducted over 4 years in plots sown in ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) (cv. (frontiersin.org)

This study elucidates the mechanisms employed by endophytes in protecting the plant from diseases and different bioactivities of importance to humans with a focus on endophytic bacteria and fungi. (frontiersin.org)
This review aimed to present the various mechanisms of action used by endophytes in protecting a plant and report some bioactivities of importance to people with special emphasis on endophytic bacteria and fungi. (frontiersin.org)

These are human health and plant resistance to pathogens and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. (mdpi.com)

In WP3, a combination of metabolomics and transcriptomics will be applied to identify metabolites and gene networks involved in the nodule-to-root conversion elicited by ΔecfG and nbcl mutants. (europa.eu)
defense-response gene mRNA and isoflavonoid phytoalexin levels in roots. (usda.gov)
The soybean GmN6L gene encodes a late nodulin expressed in the infected zone of nitrogen-fixing nodules. (mpg.de)

MIT is not historically known as a leader in the agricultural research space," team member Mary Gehring, a plant biologist at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and an associate professor of biology at MIT, said in a public presentation of the group's project in April. (technologyreview.com)

But it has never been decided just what the chemical composition should be to produce the best results, for the simple reason that it is not known exactly what the requirements of the plants are. (wikisource.org)
Nor does a chemical analysis of the plant itself answer the question. (wikisource.org)
The bacteria adhere to the roots and create a chemical bond, forming root tissue (nodules) around the bacteria. (pioneer.com)
In such cases the soybean plant will not recognize the bacteria chemical reaction, and thus will not initiate nodular tissue formation. (pioneer.com)
Chemical signals from the roots that invite the bacteria to colonize can be reduced with limited rooting. (pioneer.com)

At the present time, the more thoughtful and cautious among those studying the question of plant growth from a scientific standpoint are by no means settled upon the point. (wikisource.org)
There are certain elements which are no doubt necessary for proper growth, but the analysis of the content of the plant and of the soil does not give a very complete notion of the proper conditions under which certain substances should exist when in the soil. (wikisource.org)
As a result, plant growth is erratic and exhibits abiotic disorders. (soci.org)
Dr Chomicki, the lead author of the study, says: 'The speed at which plants can take up nitrogen is a key limitation to plant growth rate. (sciencedaily.com)
Root growth of avocado [ Persea Americana Mill] is more sensitive to salinity than shoot growth. (agri.gov.il)
Almost all the soils in Australia are low in natural fertility, lacking nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, the three major nutrients needed for plant growth. (the-rathouse.com)
Many also lack one or more 'trace elements', which, like vitamins, are required in minute quantities for healthy plant and animal growth. (the-rathouse.com)
Fertilizers play a vital role in promoting healthy plant growth and increasing agricultural productivity. (virtualtourist.com)
Manure is often used as a natural fertilizer, as it provides not only nitrogen but also other essential nutrients for plant growth. (virtualtourist.com)
Q1: Why is nitrogen important for plant growth? (virtualtourist.com)
A3: While synthetic nitrogen fertilizers can enhance plant growth, excessive use can lead to environmental issues like water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. (virtualtourist.com)
Fertilisers are substances that can be supplied to the soil so as to improve the soil quality and promote the growth of any plants grown in this soil. (appropedia.org)

One of the main reasons of the annual reduction in plant production all around the world is the occurrence of abiotic stresses as a result of an unpredicted changes in environmental conditions. (techscience.com)

Within legume root nodules, nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3), which is then assimilated into amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA as well as the important energy molecule ATP), and other cellular constituents such as vitamins, flavones, and hormones[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
The additional transport proteins sped up the overall export of nitrogen from root nodules. (isaaa.org)
Nitrogen is taken up by plant roots and combined into organic substances in the plant, such as enzymes, proteins and chlorophyll. (missouri.edu)
GRAS proteins are an important family of transcriptional regulators in plants, named after the first three members: GIBBERELLIC ACID-INSENSITIVE, REPRESSOR of GAI, and SCARECROW. (uni-koeln.de)
The very small proteins encoded by plant viruses are often overlooked due to their short sequences and uncertain significance. (techscience.com)

strain MUS10 entered the host tissue through cracks created by the emerging adventitious root primordia and multiplied within the intercellular spaces. (usda.gov)

Endophytes are abundant in plants and studies are continuously emanating on their ability to protect plants from pathogens that cause diseases especially in the field of agriculture. (frontiersin.org)

Healthy nodules on soybean root. (pioneer.com)

Anatomy34

Organisms68

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs58

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture16

Information Science4

Health Care5

Legumes20

Determinate nodule3

Symbiosis3

Soybean root nodules3

Nitrogen fixation8

Crops15

Soybeans3

Genetic1

Plant's roots2

Microbes9

Atmospheric7

Species10

Legume roots2

Leguminous Plants1

Frankia5

Interactions4

Rhizobium3

Bradyrhizobium2

Sesbania3

Initiation3

Stem5

Bacteroids2

Crop7

Symbiotic relationship1

Rhizobial2

Inoculate2

Regulation2

Molecular8

Ineffective2

Lateral3

Strains2

Alfalfa5

Development6

Physiology4

Nutrient4

Microorganisms4

Microbial3

Splitting the nitrogen1

Lotus1

Japonicus3

Actinorhizal1

Seeds2

Genome1

Form2

Clover1

Mechanisms2

Biotic and abiotic1

Gene3

Biology1

Chemical5

Growth12

Abiotic1

Proteins5

Tissue1

Pathogens1

Healthy1