• The altered reactivity of IPN neurons of α5SNP rats to nicotine was confirmed electrophysiologically. (pasteur.fr)
  • We now report on the difference in the breath-print and content of VOCs between rats with mild and severe lesions of DA neurons, serotonergic neuronal lesions, and transgenic (Tg) rats carrying the PD-producing A53T mutation of the SNCA (α-synuclein) gene. (haifa.ac.il)
  • In rats injected with α-synuclein ribbons, characteristic α-synuclein deposits (red) form in dopaminergic neurons (left panel), in dopaminergic axons (middle), and in oligodendrocytes (right). (alzforum.org)
  • Fibrils did not seed Lewy bodies, but were associated with a 30 percent loss of dopaminergic neurons, and about a 25 percent loss of motor control in the rats' forepaws, even in wild-type rats. (alzforum.org)
  • Among dopaminergic neurons, about half died, nerve terminals in the striatum disappeared, and the rats lost about 75 percent of control in their forepaws. (alzforum.org)
  • Journal Article] Activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons following tactile stimuli in rats. (nii.ac.jp)
  • RESULTS: In healthy Wistar rats, we find intracellular Aβ42 (iAβ42) in neurons throughout the brain at all ages, but levels vary greatly between brain regions. (lu.se)
  • To dissect the neuronal mechanisms underlying the vulnerability to nicotine addiction in carriers of the α5SNP, we created rats expressing this polymorphism using zinc finger nuclease technology and evaluated their behavior under the intravenous nicotine-self-administration paradigm. (pasteur.fr)
  • The transgenic (TG) TgF344-AD rat has been reported to develop age-dependent AD features including neuronal loss and neurofibrillary tangles, despite only expressing APP and PSEN1 mutations, suggesting an improved modelling of AD hallmarks. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The authors also report the development of Thy-1 transgenic rat strains with widespread neuronal expression of the calcium indicator GCaMP6f. (neurobiology-sapienza.it)
  • This, taken together with our human results, indicate that the McGill rat model in fact models the underlying wild-type neuronal population-specific vulnerability to Aβ42 accumulation. (lu.se)
  • We did not observe any consistent changes in brainstem levels of catecholamines or of mRNA levels of Dbh in the transgenic strains . (bvsalud.org)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Does transgenic feed cause histopathological changes in rats? (edu.au)
  • We have generated a transgenic rat model of this disease and provide experimental evidence that CMT1A is caused by increased expression of the gene for peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22, gas-3). (mpg.de)
  • The key difference between transgenic and gene targeted (knockout or knockin) animals is that in knockout and knockin models the genomic changes are targeted, meaning a desired DNA sequence is altered at a specific locus in the target genome via homologous recombination, with an engineered segment of DNA replacing a homologous endogenous segment. (cyagen.com)
  • For example, this examine demonstrates that IUE with the human full size DISC1 gene into the rat cortex led to amphetamine hypersensitivity. (inacj.com)
  • A knockout rat is a genetically engineered rat with a single gene turned off through a targeted mutation (gene trapping) used for academic and pharmaceutical research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knockout rats can mimic human diseases and are important tools for studying gene function (functional genomics) and for drug discovery and development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice, rats, and humans share all but approximately 1% of each other's genes making rodents good model organisms for studying human gene function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knockout rat models are an alternative to mice that may enable the creation of new gene disruptions that are unavailable in the mouse. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the completion of the rat genome sequence provides very key information, how these diseases relate to gene function requires an efficient method to create knockout rat models in which specific genomic sequences are manipulated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rat ES cells were only recently isolated and no demonstration of gene modification in them has been reported. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alternatively, ENU mutagenesis is a common random mutagenesis gene knockout strategy in the mouse that can also be used in the rat. (wikipedia.org)
  • Davis, JRE 2011, ' Imaging of endocrine gene expression in a humanized transgenic rat ', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol. 1245, no. 1, pp. 38-39. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Effects of transgenic expression of dopamine beta hydroxylase (Dbh) gene on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • Long-accepted plant breeding methods for incorporating new diversity into crop varieties, experience from two decades of research on and commercialization of transgenic crops, and expanding knowledge of plant genome structure and dynamics all indicate that if a gene or trait is safe, the genetic engineering process itself presents little potential for unexpected consequences that would not be identified or eliminated in the variety development process before commercialization. (nature.com)
  • In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)
  • By blocking this receptor in the carotid body with MK-7264/AF-219, blood pressure fell significantly in hypertensive rats. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The human renin-angiotensinogen double transgenic rat (dTGR) is a model of hypertension. (go.jp)
  • These changes were similar to those reported in other hypertension models, such as the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). (go.jp)
  • Knockout rat disease models for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, hypertension, and diabetes using zinc-finger nuclease technology are being commercialized by SAGE Labs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is the most widely used animal model of essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy . (bvsalud.org)
  • In the current study, we used a transgenic experiment to test the hypothesis that reduced Dbh expression predisposes the SHR to hypertension and that augmentation of Dbh expression would reduce blood pressure . (bvsalud.org)
  • We therefore aimed to further characterise the progression of AD-like pathology and cognition in the TgF344-AD rat from young-adults (6 months (m)) to mid- (12 m) and advanced-stage (18 m, 25 m) of the disease. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • At the time of sacrifice, the average systolic blood pressure of the dTGRs was 258 mmHg, while that of age-matched, normal Sprague-Dawley rats was 135 mmHg. (go.jp)
  • Both mice and rats are relatively small, easily handled, have a short generation time, and are genetically inbred. (wikipedia.org)
  • While mice have proven to be a useful rodent model and techniques have been developed for routine disruption of their genes, in many circumstances rats are considered a superior laboratory animal for studying and modeling human disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rats are physiologically more similar to humans than are mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, rats have a heart rate more similar to that of humans, while mice have a heart rate five to ten times as fast. (wikipedia.org)
  • Every year in the United States, millions of animals including monkey's, rats, mice, rabbits, cats, and dogs suffer experimentation to test the biocompatibility of products before they are. (nova.edu)
  • 2003). The therapeutic effects of different genes delivered by ment of the hGFAP promoter used here has been extensively studied and lentiviral vectors have been documented in a number of animal found to be up-regulated after several different stimuli both in vitro and models, both in rodents and primates, and examples include delivery in vivo in transgenic mice (Brenner et al. (lu.se)
  • Using AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice models, an obvious increased AP-1 activity was detected in dermal tissue after exposure to TiO2 NPs for 24 h. (cdc.gov)
  • Additional developments with zinc finger nuclease technology in 2009 led to the first knockout rat with targeted, germline-transmitted mutations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Until the commercial development of mobile DNA technology in 2007 and zinc-finger nuclease technology in 2009, there were only two technologies that could be used to produce rat models of human disease: cloning and chemical mutagenesis using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, rat models are superior to mouse models for testing the pharmacodynamics and toxicity of potential therapeutic compounds, partially because the number and type of many of their detoxifying enzymes are very similar to those in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • The study fed these rats NK603 , the Monsanto variety of GM corn that's grown across North America and widely fed to animals and humans. (whale.to)
  • There were no effects on the fertility of female or male rats at exposures to NHC (the active moiety of molnupiravir) about 2 and 6 times higher, respectively, than in humans receiving the recommended dose (see section 5.3). (who.int)
  • 1991. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling with dichloromethane, its metabolite, carbon monoxide, and blood carboxyhemoglobin in rats and humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Few years ago, the first transgenic rat model of HD, carrying a truncated huntingtin cDNA fragment with 51 CAG repeats under control of the native rat huntingtin promoter, was introduced. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • We have been using this animal model in our research and review here our experience with the behavioural, neurophysiological, and histopathological phenotype of the transgenic Huntington's disease rats with relevant literature. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • We anticipate that the CMT rat model will facilitate the identification of a cellular disease mechanism and serve in the evaluation of potential treatment strategies. (mpg.de)
  • It is widely believed that the rat is a better model than the mouse for human cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis, and many autoimmune, neurological, behavioral, and addiction disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • In an HLA-B27 transgenic rat model repetitive dosing of HD5 reduced the expansion of pro-inflammatory CD4+ T-cells, and decreased the levels of soluble TNF and number of cell-surface B272 molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In rats orally exposed for one week to E171 at human relevant levels, titanium was detected in the immune cells of Peyer's patches (PP) as observed with the TiO 2 -NP model NM-105. (nature.com)
  • Treatment also improved the angiogenic balance and proteinuria in the transgenic model, and it reduced angiotensin receptor activating antibodies in both. (jci.org)
  • Studies employ a transgenic animal model of spondyloarthritis and cells from human subjects including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), to evaluate effects of HLA-B27 expression and misfolding on ER stress and its consequences for cytokine production and cellular function. (nih.gov)
  • There is substantial evidence that both inflammation and oxidative damage contribute to the pathogenesis of motor neuron degeneration in the G93A SOD1 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). (karger.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Expression of iAβ42 in healthy Wistar rats predominates in the same structures where iAβ accumulates and Aβ plaques initially form in the much used, Wistar based McGill-R-Thy1-APP rat model for AD. (lu.se)
  • The difference between wild-type Wistar rats and these AD model rats, with respect to Aβ42, is therefore quantitative rather that qualitative. (lu.se)
  • Temporal sensitivity changes with extended training in a bisection task in a transgenic rat model. (bvsalud.org)
  • Next, in order to study the potential of autologous cell replacement therapy we transplanted progenitors derived from a PD patient into a pre-clinical rat model. (lu.se)
  • Generation of topically transgenic rats by in utero electroporation and in vivo bioluminescence screening. (inacj.com)
  • The authors then injected 10 μg of each preparation into the substantia nigra of wild-type rats. (alzforum.org)
  • Previously, we have reported an altered content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath of rats following a 50% reduction in striatal dopamine (DA) content induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. (haifa.ac.il)
  • We found modestly increased adrenal expression of Dbh in transgenic rats versus SHR non-transgenic controls that was associated with reduced adrenal levels of dopamine and increased plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine . (bvsalud.org)
  • This includes free strategy design prior to your purchase, construction of transgenic or targeting vectors (including BAC recombineering), creating and characterizing targeted ES cells, microinjection of mouse or rat embryos, and breeding and genotyping of the resulting animals. (cyagen.com)
  • Ribbons also produced more Lewy bodies in the transgenics than in wild-type rats, and seeded glial cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes as well. (alzforum.org)
  • The production of knockout rats was not economically or technically feasible until 2008. (wikipedia.org)
  • Technology developed through funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and work accomplished by the members of the Knock Out Rat Consortium (KORC) led to cost-effective methods to create knockout rats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knockout rat models can also complement existing transgenic mouse models. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) could theoretically be used to create rats with specific mutations by mutating somatic cells, and then using these cells for SCNT, this approach has not been used successfully to create knockout rats. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study we used a lentiviral vector that drives transgenic populations (BloÈmer et al. (lu.se)
  • Disposition in Fischer 344 rats following intravenous and oral administration. (cdc.gov)
  • HLA-B27 transgenic rats develop features of enteropathic arthropathy with arthritis and gut inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Recently, TiO2 nanoparticle s (TiO2 NPs) have been demonstrated to cause chronic inflammation and lung tumor formation in rats, which may be associated with the particle size of TiO2. (cdc.gov)
  • For a lot of scientific questions, this system can complement and even substitute the usage of transgenic rats and supply a novel know-how for behavioral neuroscience. (inacj.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To characterize the brain-wide expression of Aβ42 throughout the life span of outbred Wistar rats, and to relate these findings to brains of human subjects without neurological disease. (lu.se)
  • There are a number of hypothesized that regulating the transgene with a GFAP promoter in a different vectors that transduce cells in the brain in a slightly different viral vector would give rise to a high transgenic expression in the manner (for a review see, e.g. (lu.se)
  • Materials and methods approach to regulate transgenic expression. (lu.se)
  • [2012 Sept] Shocking findings in new GMO study: Rats fed lifetime of GM corn grow horrifying tumors, 70% of females die early Up to 50% of males and 70% of females suffered premature death . (whale.to)
  • Cyagen's top priority is to provide high quality mouse and rat models. (cyagen.com)
  • We offer all the services necessary to create your desired mouse or rat models. (cyagen.com)
  • Rat models have been used to advance many areas of medical research, including cardiovascular disease, psychiatric disorders (studies of behavioral intervention and addiction), neural regeneration, diabetes, transplantation, autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis), cancer, and wound & bone healing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Effects of excitotoxicity in the hypothalamus in transgenic mouse models of Huntington disease. (lu.se)
  • We derived 2 new transgenic SHR-Dbh lines expressing Dbh cDNA under control of the Brown Norway (BN) wild type promoter. (bvsalud.org)
  • Both studies (60% and 30% of corn in the diet) showed changes in morphology and cell-counts that indicate that GM crops may have an effect on rat health. (edu.au)
  • The costs of meeting regulatory requirements and market restrictions guided by regulatory criteria are substantial impediments to the commercialization of transgenic crops. (nature.com)
  • A Human Polymorphism in CHRNA5 Is Linked to Relapse to Nicotine Seeking in Transgenic Rats. (pasteur.fr)
  • In conclusion, the α5SNP polymorphism is a major risk factor for nicotine intake at high doses and for relapse to nicotine seeking in rats, a dual effect that reflects the human condition. (pasteur.fr)
  • The importance of developing the rat as a more versatile tool for human health research is evidenced by the $120 million investment made by the NIH via the Rat Genome Sequencing Project Consortium, resulting in the draft sequence of a laboratory strain of the brown or Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). (wikipedia.org)
  • Recombinant human/mouse/rat BMP-2 (355-BM) induces alkaline phosphatase production in the ATDC5 mouse chondrogenic cell line. (novusbio.com)
  • Mature human BMP-2 shares 100% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat BMP-2. (novusbio.com)
  • Much knowledge about AD comes from studies of transgenic rodents expressing mutated human amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) to increase Aβ production or the Aβ42/40 ratio. (lu.se)
  • METHODS: Aβ42 immunolabeling of 12 Wistar rat brains (3-18 months of age) and brain sections from six human subjects. (lu.se)
  • Gastric mucosal cells and epithelial tissues isolated from the stomach of the transgenic rats were cultured at permissive temperature (33 degrees C), and proliferative cells were cloned by colony formation. (wikigenes.org)
  • α5SNP rats self-administered more nicotine at high doses and exhibited higher nicotine-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking than wild-type rats. (pasteur.fr)
  • The present study, aimed to investigate the effects of feeding a GM-corn diet to rats at two doses (60% and 30%) by studying the morphological features of the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine, both at light and electron microscopic levels. (edu.au)
  • By contrast, in transgenic animals an engineered segment of DNA is randomly integrated, such that the inserted DNA could end up almost anywhere in the host genome, and does not normally disrupt the homologous endogenous sequence. (cyagen.com)
  • When such nucleases (or their DNA or mRNA precursors) designed to target a specific site in the mouse or rat genome are microinjected into fertilized eggs, cleavage at the target site followed by imperfect repair can result in small deletions (and insertions, more rarely) of one or more base pairs. (cyagen.com)
  • Consequently, many genetic manipulation techniques widely used in the mouse are not possible in the rat. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elucidating genes that influence how HLA-B27 causes spondyloarthritis in rats. (nih.gov)
  • Their larger size makes rats more conducive to study by instrumentation, and also facilitates manipulation such as blood sampling, nerve conduction, and performing surgeries. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiencies of producing transgenic rats by the ooplasmic injection of sperm heads (intracytoplasmic sperm injection: ICSI) and elongating spermatids (elongating spermatid injection: ELSI) exposed to the EGFP DNA solution. (elsevierpure.com)
  • They report that injecting different types of α-synuclein aggregate into rat brains resulted in distinct pathologic consequences. (alzforum.org)
  • Thus, sperm heads and elongating spermatids were practically useful as the vector of exogenous DNA if the DNA-exposed spermatogenic cells were microinseminated into rat oocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • HLA-B27-Homodimer-Specific Antibody Modulates the Expansion of Pro-Inflammatory T-Cells in HLA-B27 Transgenic Rats. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSION: HD5 predominantly inhibits early TNF production and expansion of pro-inflammatory CD4+ T-cells in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In all TiO 2 -treated rats, stimulation of immune cells isolated from PP showed a decrease in Thelper (Th)-1 IFN-γ secretion, while splenic Th1/Th17 inflammatory responses sharply increased. (nature.com)
  • 16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The lines are deposited with the RRRC (Rat Resource & Research Center), from which you can order animals. (brodylab.org)
  • The observed changes in catecholamine metabolism were associated with increased blood pressure and left ventricular mass in both transgenic lines. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rats fed GM corn and traces of Roundup suffered severe organic damage including liver damage and kidney damage. (whale.to)
  • How many embryos are injected for transgenic production, and what is the success rate? (cyagen.com)
  • Comparing mouse and rat mutants can facilitate the distinction between rodent-specific and general mammalian phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Tg rats had an increased content of 3-octen-1-ol and 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol in blood, while in brain tissue, hexanal, hexanol, and 2,3-octanedione were present in controls but absent in Tg rats. (haifa.ac.il)
  • Levels of 1-heptyl-2-methyl cyclopropane were increased in brain tissue of Tg rats. (haifa.ac.il)
  • PMP22-transgenic rats develop gait abnormalities caused by a peripheral hypomyelination, Schwann cell hypertrophy (onion bulb formation), and muscle weakness. (mpg.de)
  • 2.1-kb hGFAP promoter or a 1.5-kb rat neuron-speci®c enolase (rNSE) promoter (control vector) has been described elsewhere (Jakobsson et al. (lu.se)
  • Normotensive cyp1a1ren-2 transgenic rats with normal plasma prorenin and aldosterone levels were given 0.125% indole-3-carbinol (I3C) orally for a period of 12 wk. (nih.gov)
  • French researchers secretly studied, for two years, 200 rats fed with transgenic maize. (whale.to)
  • The aim of this short report was to describe the histopathological characteristics of the renal changes in this rat strain in detail. (go.jp)