- Rattus
- We report a case of uterine torsion in a Sprague Dawley rat ( Rattus norvegicus ). (scielo.org.za)
- COSTELLO, M A and MEYER, L C R . Uterine torsion in a Sprague Dawley rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) . (scielo.org.za)
- A laboratory rat or lab rat is a rat of the species Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) which is bred and kept for scientific research. (wikipedia.org)
- tumors among rats
- First published by Food and Chemical Toxicology in September 2012, the article presented a two-year feeding study in rats, and reported an increase in tumors among rats fed genetically modified corn and the herbicide RoundUp. (wikipedia.org)
- There were even significant variations in the incidences of adrenal medulla tumors among rats from the same source raised in different laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
- strains
- With the use of the tail flick model, dose-response curves were constructed to codeine, morphine, oxycodone and oxymorphone (the O-demethylated metabolite of oxycodone) in both rat strains. (aspetjournals.org)
- Genetic analysis of 117 albino rat strains collected from all parts of the world carried out by a team led by Takashi Kuramoto at Kyoto University in 2012, showed that the albino rats descended from hooded rats and all the albino rats descended from a single ancestor. (wikipedia.org)
- Scientists have bred many strains or "lines" of rats specifically for experimentation. (wikipedia.org)
- Other common strains are the Sprague Dawley, Fischer 344, Holtzman albino strains, Long-Evans, and Lister black hooded rats. (wikipedia.org)
- cortex
- However, both mouse and rat microdialysis studies have failed to find an increase in extracellular serotonin in the prefrontal cortex following acute or chronic atomoxetine treatment. (wikipedia.org)
- Atomoxetine's ability to increase prefrontal cortex firing rate in anesthetized rats could not be blocked by D1 or α2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, but could be potentiated by NMDA or an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, suggesting a glutamatergic mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
- mice
- The rat had been on a 12hour light:dark cycle (lights on at 07:00) and had access ad libitum to drinking water and a diet of commercially available cubes for mice (Epol, South Africa). (scielo.org.za)
- While less commonly used for research than mice, rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science. (wikipedia.org)
- This was the first in a series of development that have begun to make rats tractable as genetic research subjects, although they still lag behind mice, which lend themselves better to the embryonic stem cell techniques typically used for genetic manipulation. (wikipedia.org)
- Many investigators who wish to trace observations on behavior and physiology to underlying genes regard aspects of these in rats as more relevant to humans and easier to observe than in mice, giving impetus to the development of genetic research techniques applicable to rat. (wikipedia.org)
- Metabolism
- Eight-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing dietary fiber at the 5% level for 3 weeks to examine the effect on the lipid metabolism and immune function. (go.jp)
- Metabolic
- Torsion of the uterus can be accompanied by haemostatic and metabolic complications, which could have caused the death of the rat. (scielo.org.za)
- 1994
- The genetics of rats was studied by William Ernest Castle at the Bussey Institute of Harvard University until it closed in 1994. (wikipedia.org)
- mammary
- The methylnitrosourea(MNU)-induced model of ER + mammary cancers in female Sprague-Dawley rats has been routinely used in our laboratories for screening chemopreventive agents. (aacrjournals.org)
- We recently reported that metformin was ineffective in preventing mammary cancers in this model when given to rats on a standard diet (Thompson, et al, Cancer Prev Res. (aacrjournals.org)
- Serum of the rats in the various groups was obtained at 78 days of age, and at the end of the study (when mammary tumors were present). (aacrjournals.org)
- Of interest, metformin was consistently ineffective in preventing mammary cancers in rats given either standard or Western diet. (aacrjournals.org)
- Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the major steroid precursor of androgens and estrogens produced in peripheral tissues in primates, is an effective chemopreventive agent in the N -methyl- N -nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat mammary tumor model. (aacrjournals.org)
- When we examined whole mounts of mammary glands derived from rats exposed to higher levels of DHEA (600 ppm), we observed a striking increase in lobular development. (aacrjournals.org)
- Play media A 1972 study compared neoplasms in "Sprague-Dawley" rats from six different commercial suppliers and found highly significant differences in the incidences of endocrine and mammary tumors. (wikipedia.org)
- fatty
- Oxidation of short and medium chain C2-C8 fatty acids in Sprague-Dawley rat colonocytes. (bmj.com)
- METHODS: Isolated rat colonocytes were incubated in the presence of a concentration range of 1-14C labelled C2-C8 fatty acids. (bmj.com)
- clinical
- 1984) described Sprague-Dawley rats with clinical and biochemical characteristics similar to human inherited torsion dystonias, and named the mutation Dystonie (dt) . (springer.com)
- She was therefore with a male rat until 12 hours before the 1st clinical examination. (scielo.org.za)
- female
- A tumor incidence of 57 per cent was observed in 150 female rats allowed to live out their life-span as normal, control animals on standard laboratory chow. (aacrjournals.org)
- The mean life span of normal female Sprague-Dawley rats in this laboratory was 760 ± 21 days, with individuals ranging in life span from 193 to 1100 days. (aacrjournals.org)
- During routine cage changing, a Sprague Dawley adult breeding female was found dead in her cage by the animal attendant. (scielo.org.za)
- Male and female Crl:CD(SD)BR rats (30/sex/group) were exposed to EPG at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2g/kgbw/day or at 5% (w/w) in the diet prior to (13weeks), during, and after two consecutive matings. (rti.org)
- Additionally, young adult female rats were fed 1.25 PCB for 21 days and the same hormones were assessed. (osu.edu)
- Male and female rats were injected with SU (20mg/kg, sc) or vehicle (control). (ahajournals.org)
- whereas only 27% (7 of 26) of the female rats showed HR-phenotype. (ahajournals.org)
- Furthermore, crossing non-responsive male and female rats from the HR colony markedly decreased the proportion of rats exhibiting HR phenotype in the F1-generation (HR 15% and 0%, male vs. female, respectively), consistent with the presence of modifier genes. (ahajournals.org)
- In the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat, the O-demethylation of codeine to morphine is catalyzed by cytochrome P4502D1 (CYP2D1), which is absent in the female Dark Agouti (DA) rat. (aspetjournals.org)
- Mutation
- Interestingly, an INDEL mutation in HIF1α was found in all SD rats, both in HR and non-HR. However, mutations in PTTG1 and CGNL1 genes were present only in the HR SD rats. (ahajournals.org)
- In addition, HR rats showed exacerbated hemodynamic response to CH as compared to the non-HR SD rats (RVSP: 72±5 mmHg vs. 49±4 mmHg) consistent with increased hypoxia signaling and a gain-of-function HIF1α mutation. (ahajournals.org)
- A previously unrecognized mutation in HIF1α in SD rats is associated with increased susceptibility to severe PAH, which requires the presence of mutations in additional unique modifier genes. (ahajournals.org)
- laboratory
- Laboratory rats share origins with their cousins in domestication, the fancy rats. (wikipedia.org)
- Over the next 30 years rats were used for several more experiments and eventually the laboratory rat became the first animal domesticated for purely scientific reasons. (wikipedia.org)
- As there is evidence that the hooded rat was known as the "Japanese rat" in the early 20th century, Kuramoto concluded that one or more Japanese hooded rats might have been brought to Europe or the Americas and an albino rat that emerged as a product of the breeding of these hooded rats was the common ancestor of all the albino laboratory rats in use today. (wikipedia.org)
- Laboratory rats are frequently subject to dissection or microdialysis to study internal effects on organs and the brain, such as for cancer or pharmacological research. (wikipedia.org)
- Laboratory rats not sacrificed may be euthanized or, in some cases, become pets. (wikipedia.org)
- In October 2003, researchers succeeded in cloning two laboratory rats by nuclear transfer. (wikipedia.org)
- serum
- There was no significant effect on the serum lipid levels, but the serum IgG level of the rats fed on guar gum was significantly lower than that of the rats fed on cellulose. (go.jp)
- Furthermore
- Furthermore, tumors from rats treated with MNU alone or rats treated with MNU plus DHEA were examined for the presence of mutations in the Ha- Ras oncogene. (aacrjournals.org)
- strain
- Related studies with a smaller number of animals indicated that male rats of the same strain were 5 times less susceptible to tumor formation than females. (aacrjournals.org)
- Our lab has identified a unique sub-strain of SD rats that is hyper-responsive (HR) to SU5416 (SU) alone and develops severe progressive PAH in response to single injection of SU, even in absence of chronic hypoxia (CH). (ahajournals.org)
- A chief criticism was that each part of the study had too few rats to obtain statistically useful data, particularly because the strain of rat used, Sprague Dawley, develops tumors at a high rate over its lifetime. (wikipedia.org)
- humans
- Studies in rats have shown that p-cresol is primarily conjugated with glucuronide to produce p-cresylglucuronide, though this may not be applicable to humans. (wikipedia.org)
- significantly
- In addition, the epidydimal adipose tissue weight of the rats fed on PHGG was significantly higher than that of the rats fed on cellulose. (go.jp)
- The IgA and IgG productivity in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes was significantly higher in the rats fed on guar gum, glucomannan and pectin than in those fed on cellulose, while the effect on Ig productivity in spleen lymphocytes was not as marked. (go.jp)
- Thirty-day-old PCB treated rats displayed significantly elevated leptin levels and depressed triiodothyronine concentrations. (osu.edu)
- Young adult rats exposed to PCB for 21 days displayed significantly depressed leptin concentrations, however PCB had no effect on thyroid hormones in this group. (osu.edu)
- We also observed significantly higher HIF1α and BNIP3 (a downstream target of HIF1α) expression in the lungs of HR SD rats. (ahajournals.org)
- The highest dose of DHEA (600 ppm) significantly decreased tumor incidence from 95 to 45% and increased tumor latency and decreased tumor multiplicity from 4.1 to 0.5 tumors/rat. (aacrjournals.org)
- Domestic rats differ from wild rats in many ways: they are calmer and significantly less likely to bite, they can tolerate greater crowding, they breed earlier and produce more offspring, and their brains, livers, kidneys, adrenal glands, and hearts are smaller. (wikipedia.org)
- concentrations
- Atomoxetine has been found to act as an NMDA receptor antagonist in rat cortical neurons at therapeutic concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
- colony
- The first rat colony in America used for nutrition research was started in January 1908 by Elmer McCollum, and then nutritive requirements of rats were used by Thomas Burr Osborne and Lafayette Mendel to determine the details of protein nutrition. (wikipedia.org)
- widely
- At the press conference, Séralini emphasized the study's potential cancer implications, and photographs from the article of treated rats with large tumors were widely circulated by the media. (wikipedia.org)
- Most are derived from the albino Wistar rat, which is still widely used. (wikipedia.org)
- METHODS
- Methods Single atrial myocyte of SD rats was obtained by enzymatic dissociation method. (bmj.com)
- study
- This one-generation study assessed the potential of esterified propoxylated glycerol (EPG) to affect reproduction and offspring development in rats. (rti.org)
- In the present study 15-and 30-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed gestationally and lactationally to 1.25 ppm of Aroclor 1254®, a mixture of 52 PCB congeners, via maternal diet, to determine the effect on leptin and thyroid hormones. (osu.edu)
- The aim of the study was to test whether the DA rat and the SD rat pretreated with the CYP2D1 inhibitor quinine showed attenuation in analgesia to codeine and oxycodone. (aspetjournals.org)
- In this study, we evaluated metformin in rats placed on either standard diet (4% fat) or a Western diet (20% fat, low calcium). (aacrjournals.org)
- The rats were placed on standard diet or Western diet at 43 days of age, given MNU (via the jugular vein) once at 50 days of age, and administered metformin or vehicle at 57 days of age for the remainder of the study. (aacrjournals.org)
- This study concluded that the three crops caused liver, kidney and heart damage in the rats. (wikipedia.org)
- found
- The French Society of Toxicologic Pathology pointed out that, because such tumors are commonly found in older rats, the inclusion in the article of those images from treated rats, without also showing control rats, was misleading. (wikipedia.org)
- commonly
- Rat-catchers would not only make money by trapping the rodents, but also by selling them for food, or more commonly, for rat-baiting. (wikipedia.org)
- Research
- Research on the effects of 2-furoic acid in rats showed an increase in bile salts and acute toxicity suggesting potential toxic effects. (wikipedia.org)
- young
- Kato M, Onodera T (1986) Observation on the development of osteochondrosis in young rats. (springer.com)
- model
- The influence of pharmacogenetics on opioid analgesia: studies with codeine and oxycodone in the Sprague-Dawley/Dark Agouti rat model. (aspetjournals.org)
- studies
- The data included three rat-feeding studies published by Monsanto scientists on MON 810. (wikipedia.org)
- control
- There was a slight decrease in the percentage of tumors bearing Ha- Ras mutations in tumors derived from MNU-control rats as contrasted with tumors from MNU-DHEA (120 and 600 ppm)-treated rats. (aacrjournals.org)
- Rats were then placed on the control diet for the ensuing 15 weeks. (aacrjournals.org)
- Rats were treated alternatively at 3-week intervals either with diet containing DHEA or with control diet. (aacrjournals.org)
- Single
- Objective To explore possible electrophysiological mechanisms of single atrial myocyte by evaluating the effects of angiotensinII (AngII) and telmisartan on transient outward potassium currents (I to ) and L-type calcium currents (I Ca-L ) in Sprague-Dawley rats. (bmj.com)
- Heart
- It concluded that MON 863, a corn rootworm-resistant Bt corn developed by Monsanto, caused health problems in rats, including weight changes, triglyceride level increases in females, changes in urine composition in males, and reduced function or organ damage in the liver, kidney, adrenal glands, heart and haematopoietic system. (wikipedia.org)
- days
- Eighty-seven per cent of all tumors appeared after the rats were 540 days of age, and the mean lifespan after a tumor was first observed was 140 days. (aacrjournals.org)
- similar
- One hundred similar rats on a special fatrich diet developed an 80 per cent tumor incidence. (aacrjournals.org)
- changes
- Kato M, Onodera T (1987) Early changes of osteo-chondrosis in medial femoral condyles from rats. (springer.com)
- In rats a marginal iron deficiency that does not cause anemia disrupted axon growth in the auditory nerve affecting auditory brainstem latency without major changes in myelination. (wikipedia.org)
- weight
- The varied and striking efficacy of DHEA was achieved in the absence of any significant effect on body weight gain in the treated rats. (aacrjournals.org)
- level
- Conclusion AngII and telmisartan had directly electrophysiological effects on SD rat atrial myocytes as well as telmisartan had antagonist effects on AngII at the level of angiotensin receptor. (bmj.com)
- Popular
- Rat-baiting was a popular sport which involved filling a pit with rats and timing how long it took for a terrier to kill them all. (wikipedia.org)
- less
- The animal attendant indicated that he had not noticed any untoward behaviour or sickness in the rat during the previous cage change 48 hours earlier However, about 12 hours before death the rat was less active than usual. (scielo.org.za)
- Techniques
- Our rat hepatocytes are prepared using the same careful isolation and cryopreservation techniques as our human lots. (thermofisher.com)
- Although
- Although uterine torsion is a rare condition in rats, it should be considered as a potential complication of gestation in animal breeding units. (scielo.org.za)
- period
- Rats were treated with DHEA for a period of 7 weeks immediately before and after MNU injection. (aacrjournals.org)
- In Japan, there was a widespread practice of keeping rats as a domesticated pet during the Edo period and in the 18th century guidebooks on keeping domestic rats were published by Youso Tamanokakehashi (1775) and Chingan Sodategusa (1787). (wikipedia.org)
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