RNAiSiRNASiRNAsGenesDouble-strandedMoleculesMRNAInvestigational RNA interferenceDsRNAShRNAHairpinPathwayRISCMechanismHumansMiRNAsProteinDrosophilaProteinsSuppressionSilenceNanoparticlesSmallAGO2ViralVirusesTherapiesSynthesisAntiviralCellsNeurologicalCellularTherapeuticTargetsTransfectionMechanismsTherapyMiceInsects
RNAi34
- RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression. (wikipedia.org)
- Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules, microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), are central to components to the RNAi pathway. (wikipedia.org)
- RNAi is an RNA-dependent gene silencing process that is controlled by RISC and is initiated by short double-stranded RNA molecules in a cell's cytoplasm, where they interact with the catalytic RISC component Argonaute. (wikipedia.org)
- Exogenous dsRNA initiates RNAi by activating the ribonuclease protein Dicer, which binds and cleaves dsRNAs in plants, or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in humans, to produce double-stranded fragments of 20-25 base pairs with a 2-nucleotide overhang at the 3′ end. (wikipedia.org)
- This accomplishment will now allow biologists to fully exploit RNA interference (RNAi), a natural cellular mechanism that has already been co-opted by scientists for myriad purposes such as hunting for cancer genes, stopping viral infections and more recently, treating diseases in clinical trials. (sciencedaily.com)
- For every gene, depending on the size of its protein-coding RNA, there are potentially 500 to 5000 different small RNAs that can trigger RNAi," explains Hannon. (sciencedaily.com)
- Based on an idea by Hannon, a pioneer in RNAi technology, and using molecular tools developed in the Lowe laboratory, the team designed an assay that tests thousands of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules at a time for their ability to shut down genes of interest in cells and identifies the most potent RNAi triggers. (sciencedaily.com)
- ShRNAs that were inefficient at triggering RNAi failed to spur the destruction of their target (or sensor) genes' RNA and that of the fluorescent marker. (sciencedaily.com)
- But shRNAs that were potent RNAi triggers caused the efficient destruction of the target gene's RNA and that of the fluorescent marker as well. (sciencedaily.com)
- In particular, the RNA interference (RNAi) pathways are of notable significance for the control of viral infections. (mdpi.com)
- The strategy is based on the RNA interference (RNAi), a process which has been the winning research of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006. (europa.eu)
- RNAi is activated when RNA molecules occur as double-stranded pairs in the cell. (europa.eu)
- The consensus was pro-RNA interference, seeing no risk: "No plausible risk hypotheses were identified that can be considered unique to RNAi [RNA interference] mechanisms when compared to other genetically engineered plants with similar traits. (yogaesoteric.net)
- Published in the March 21, 2010 advance online edition of the journal Nature , the results demonstrate the feasibility of using both nanoparticles and RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics in patients. (nanowerk.com)
- It's the first time anyone has found an RNA fragment from a patient's cells showing the mRNA was cut at exactly the right base via the RNAi mechanism," Davis said. (nanowerk.com)
- To facilitate the genetic analysis of muscle assembly and maintenance, we have developed a method for efficient RNA interference (RNAi) in Drosophila primary cells using double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). (harvard.edu)
- We established conditions for RNA interference (RNAi) in C. elegans to target multiple genes simultaneously in a high-throughput setting. (biomedcentral.com)
- RNA interference (RNAi)-based technology has been proven as a novel approach for insect pest control. (potatobeetle.org)
- Resistance to such inhibitors has already been observed, guiding the prediction of their use in combination therapies with other targeted agents such as RNA interference (RNAi). (biomedcentral.com)
- RNA interference (RNAi), a powerful method of repressing gene expression using small RNA hairpins, has brought significant advances in biomedical research, particularly for perturbing gene function to dissect genotype-phenotype relationships. (juniperlifesciences.com)
- RNAi is a double-stranded RNA-mediated mechanism evolved to regulate gene expression to combat viral DNA post-transcriptionally. (juniperlifesciences.com)
- RNAi works by processing double-stranded RNA hairpins into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or micro-RNAs (miRNAs). (juniperlifesciences.com)
- RNAi is a natural system evolved by organisms to inhibit gene expression, either by cleaving a particular RNA or inhibiting the translation of a particular RNA. (biologyonline.com)
- A large industry has grown around synthetic exogenous RNA molecules like siRNA, shRNA and other RNAi strategies. (biologyonline.com)
- Calantha, a product of the company GreenLight Biosciences, contains the active ingredient ledprona, which uses a mechanism called RNA interference (RNAi) to kill the Colorado potato beetle, a notorious pest, by turning off genes it needs to survive. (thenewlede.org)
- RNA Interference (RNAi) technology has made it possible to effectively regulate gene expression. (altogenlabs.com)
- RNAi interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism and has been well recognized as an important antiviral immunity in eukaryotes. (virosin.org)
- In this study, we screened all the nonstructural proteins of HCV and found that HCV NS2 could suppress RNAi induced either by small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in mammalian cells. (virosin.org)
- Moreover, we demonstrated that NS2 could suppress RNAi via its direct interaction with double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and siRNAs, and further identified that the cysteine 184 of NS2 is required for the RNAi suppression activity through a serial of point mutation analyses. (virosin.org)
- Kakumani PK, Ponia SS, Sood V, Chinnappan M, Banerjea AC, Medigeshi GR, Malhotra P, Mukherjee SK, Bhatnagar RK (2013) Role of RNA interference (RNAi) in dengue virus replication and identification of NS4B as an RNAi suppressor. (virosin.org)
- RNA interference (RNAi), by which disease genes such as those identified for spino-cerebellar ataxia and Huntington's disease can be specifically silenced, has great potential in becoming a successful therapeutic strategy for these diseases. (ox.ac.uk)
- RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process that occurs in cells where small RNA molecules 'silence' or decrease the activity of specific genes by preventing them from making proteins. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
- RNAi is also a biotechnology tool in which double-stranded RNA sequences ( dsRNA ) are synthesised and then trimmed into tiny fragments called small interfering RNA. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
- This study examines the limitations of oral RNA interference ( RNAi ) as a strategy to disrupt viral transmission by Ae. (bvsalud.org)
SiRNA10
- Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger (sense) strand and the guide (antisense) strand. (wikipedia.org)
- R2D2 carries tandem double-stranded RNA-binding domains to recognize the thermodynamically stable terminus of siRNA duplexes, whereas Dicer-2 the other less stable extremity. (wikipedia.org)
- With this adenovirus vector, an active siRNA sequences (N1-PPRV) was transcribed into the infected cells as a short hairpin RNA precursor (shRNA, with approximately 50 nt). (europa.eu)
- It proves that the RNA interference mechanism can happen using siRNA in a human. (nanowerk.com)
- The specific dsRNAs are processed into small interfering RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-induced silencing complex. (usda.gov)
- Bennasser Y, Le SY, Benkirane M, Jeang KT (2005) Evidence that HIV-1 encodes an siRNA and a suppressor of RNA silencing. (virosin.org)
- In a noteworthy development in the pharmaceutical industry, SiSaf Ltd, a renowned RNA delivery and therapeutics firm, recently announced that the U.S. FDA has granted Orphan Drug Designation and Rare Pediatric Disease Designation to its novel siRNA therapeutic, SIS-101-ADO, for the treatment of Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis Type 2 (ADO2). (biopharmatrend.com)
- This biological process involves the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules that can downregulate or suppress the expression of specific genes. (biopharmatrend.com)
- The short interfering RNA (siRNA) agent SLN360 was well tolerated and lowered lipoprotein(a) by up to 98% in volunteers without cardiovascular disease but with elevated Lp(a) in the small dose-ranging APOLLO trial. (medscape.com)
- In a recently initiated project we are also investigating how short interfering RNAs (siRNA) might be used in combination with the metal-based drugs to optimize anticancer activity. (lu.se)
SiRNAs3
- It is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of approximately 21 to 23 nucleotide siRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
- RNA interference can be induced by synthetic short double-stranded RNA molecules containing around 21-25 nucleotides (short interfering RNAs - siRNAs). (europa.eu)
- Nanowerk News ) A team of researchers and clinicians from UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has published the first proof that a targeted nanoparticle-used as an experimental therapeutic and injected directly into a patient's bloodstream-can navigate into tumors, deliver double-stranded small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and turn off an important cancer gene. (nanowerk.com)
Genes9
- The initiating dsRNA can also be endogenous (originating in the cell), as in pre-microRNAs expressed from RNA-coding genes in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
- Cells can inhibit the expression of intrinsic or foreign genes at the mRNA level by RNA interference. (europa.eu)
- RNA interference occurs in plants, animals, and humans and it is already being used as a method to study the function of genes and as a defence strategy against diseases. (europa.eu)
- A professor from South Carolina University (SCU) who conducts medical research on plant genes is bringing forth new findings on RNA interference technology that have Monsanto squirming. (yogaesoteric.net)
- Furthermore, the research showed that the RNA technology actually interferes with mammalian genes, regulating their expressions. (yogaesoteric.net)
- I mean, you're eating a plant and taking in plant RNAs and they are regulating the expression of your genes? (yogaesoteric.net)
- The discovery of RNA interference, the mechanism by which double strands of RNA silence genes, won researchers Andrew Fire and Craig Mello the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. (nanowerk.com)
- The effect of K(ATP) channels is dependent on the RNA interference genes Dcr-2, AGO2, and r2d2, indicating that an activity associated with this potassium channel participates in this antiviral pathway in Drosophila. (cnrs.fr)
- We further demonstrated that suppression of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or RNA interference of essential autophagy genes enhanced cell death induced by IM in cell lines and primary CML cells. (lu.se)
Double-stranded4
- Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) activates a biochemical machinery into the cell which degrades those mRNA molecules with a genetic code complementary to that of the dsRNA. (europa.eu)
- A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, double-stranded) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, messenger). (usda.gov)
- These include modulation of the expression of unintended partially-complementary mRNAs and activation of an innate immune response by binding of double-stranded RNA to Toll-like receptors. (biologyonline.com)
- We hypothesized that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting the Zika virus ( ZIKV ) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) genomes produced by engineered bacterial symbionts could trigger an antiviral response. (bvsalud.org)
Molecules5
- Scientists have developed a powerful method that allows them to sift through thousands of candidate hairpin-shaped RNA molecules at a time and pull out only those RNAs that potently shut down the activity of a target gene. (sciencedaily.com)
- A research team led by scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) has developed a powerful method that allows them to sift through thousands of candidate hairpin-shaped RNA molecules at a time and pull out only those RNAs that potently shut down the activity of a target gene. (sciencedaily.com)
- Such silencing RNA molecules can be introduced into the cell and activate the RNA interference machinery to silence the complementary mRNA sequence. (europa.eu)
- The research showed that mice take up small RNA molecules when they eat genetically engineered plants. (yogaesoteric.net)
- Further investigation revealed RNA molecules in both mice and human blood tissue. (yogaesoteric.net)
MRNA3
- After transcription, the shRNA is processed into active 21-nucleotides RNAs by a cellular enzyme called Dicer, and it recognises and destroys the viral mRNA target. (europa.eu)
- In contrast, RNA interference targets the messenger RNA (mRNA), which encodes the information needed to make a protein. (nanowerk.com)
- The RISC complex binds to a small strand of RNA and uses this strand to find target mRNA. (biologyonline.com)
Investigational RNA interference2
- Drug maker Alnylam Pharmaceuticals has announced that the ILLUMINATE-A trial, a phase 3 study of lumasiran, an investigational RNA interference product targeting glycolate oxidase, met its primary end point in a study of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). (ajmc.com)
- Zilebesiran, an investigational RNA interference therapeutic agent with a prolonged duration of action, inhibits hepatic angiotensinogen synthesis. (cdc.gov)
DsRNA1
- When the dsRNA is exogenous (coming from infection by a virus with an RNA genome or laboratory manipulations), the RNA is imported directly into the cytoplasm and cleaved to short fragments by Dicer. (wikipedia.org)
ShRNA1
Hairpin1
- All we had to do then was to sort these cells out, pull out each cell's genetic material and sequence the short hairpin RNA," explains graduate student Christof Fellman, who together with post-doctoral fellow Johannes Zuber led these efforts. (sciencedaily.com)
Pathway3
- ARGONAUTE-2 and associated miRNAs form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which targets mRNAs for translational silencing and degradation as part of the RNA interference pathway. (rug.nl)
- Fabozzi G, Nabel CS, Dolan MA, Sullivan NJ (2011) Ebolavirus proteins suppress the effects of small interfering RNA by direct interaction with the mammalian RNA interference pathway. (virosin.org)
- The Drosophila piRNA pathway provides an RNA-based immune system that defends the germline genome against selfish genetic elements. (nih.gov)
RISC2
- The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). (wikipedia.org)
- These small RNAs then bind to homologous mRNAs and induce their degradation through the recruitment of the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). (juniperlifesciences.com)
Mechanism2
- This accomplishment will now allow biologists to fully exploit RNA interference, a natural cellular mechanism that has already been co-opted by scientists for myriad purposes. (sciencedaily.com)
- To comprehend the potential of SIS-101-ADO, one needs to understand the basic working mechanism of RNA interference. (biopharmatrend.com)
Humans2
- According to Zhang's research, RNA interference technology could impact heart disease in humans. (yogaesoteric.net)
- Still, there have been many potential roadblocks to applying RNA interference technology in humans. (nanowerk.com)
MiRNAs2
- miRNAs are a family of small non-coding RNAs that emerged as significant and versatile regulators involved in regulation of immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, single-stranded, small non-coding RNAs that have been shown to act as essential regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. (frontiersin.org)
Protein7
- The trigger is a tiny piece of RNA, which, by attaching to a matching piece of the target gene's RNA, spurs its destruction, thereby shutting down the production of protein from that gene. (sciencedaily.com)
- One specific RNA molecule from rice proved to inhibit a protein that functions to remove bad LDL cholesterol from the blood. (yogaesoteric.net)
- Aqil M, Naqvi AR, Bano AS, Jameel S (2013) The HIV-1 Nef protein binds argonaute-2 and functions as a viral suppressor of RNA interference. (virosin.org)
- Haasnoot J, de Vries W, Geutjes EJ, Prins M, de Haan P, Berkhout B (2007) The Ebola virus VP35 protein is a suppressor of RNA silencing. (virosin.org)
- These tiny fragments match with messenger RNA, which carries the genetic instructions for making a specific protein, and turn off protein production. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
- Author Manuscript and RNA repair protein AlkB-derived enzyme mixture was first used to remove methylations at the Watson-Crick face. (cdc.gov)
- After 4 weeks of conversion, we performed global analyses of RNA and protein levels by RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry. (lu.se)
Drosophila2
- Here, we show that in Drosophila ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)) mediate resistance to a cardiotropic RNA virus, Flock House virus (FHV). (cnrs.fr)
- Chromatin-associated RNA interference components contribute to transcriptional regulation in Drosophila. (edu.sa)
Proteins1
- Ji J, Glaser A, Wernli M, Berke JM, Moradpour D, Erb P (2008) Suppression of short interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing by the structural proteins of hepatitis C virus. (virosin.org)
Suppression1
- Recently, we developed a vector that mediates suppression of gene expression through RNA interference. (uu.nl)
Silence1
- SLN360 is designed to lower Lp(a) production by using RNA interference to silence messenger RNA transcribed from the LPA gene in liver cells. (medscape.com)
Nanoparticles1
- It builds on lipid nanoparticle technology by adding silicon for structural integrity and durability, resulting in nanoparticles with improved RNA loading capacity and protection from hydrolysis. (biopharmatrend.com)
Small4
- There is still very little that is known about small RNA biogenesis," says Hannon. (sciencedaily.com)
- These results indicate that viral delivery of small interfering RNAs can be used for tumor-specific gene therapy to reverse the oncogenic phenotype of cancer cells. (uu.nl)
- Guo Z, Li Y, Ding SW (2019) Small RNA-based antimicrobial immunity. (virosin.org)
- Mosquitoes mono-colonized with Escherichia coli producing dsZIK or dsCHIK did not display reduced viral titers following exposure to virus -contaminated bloodmeals and failed to generate dsZIK- or dsCHIK-derived small interfering RNAs. (bvsalud.org)
AGO21
- Our data emphasize the importance of gene expression regulation through the dynamic AGO2-RNA association for human neuronal development. (rug.nl)
Viral1
Viruses1
Therapies2
- The FDA's recognition of SIS-101-ADO and the underlying RNA interference technology reinforces the potential of RNA-based therapies in managing a wide range of medical conditions. (biopharmatrend.com)
- The development of therapies targeting messenger RNA has made possible significant lowering of lipoprotein(a). (medscape.com)
Synthesis2
- Despite its biological importance, transfer RNA (tRNA) could not be adequately sequenced by Author Manuscript standard methods due to abundant post-transcriptional modifications and stable structure, which interfere with cDNA synthesis. (cdc.gov)
- Widely used RNA-seq methods start with adapter ligation and cDNA synthesis of biological RNA samples followed by PCR amplification to generate sequencing libraries1. (cdc.gov)
Antiviral2
- Dataset contains Excel files with raw data underlying Figures 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 2B, 3A, 3B and 4 of paper 'Antiviral RNA interference activity in cells of the predatory mosquito, Toxorhynchites amboinensis. (gla.ac.uk)
- Limitations in harnessing oral RNA interference as an antiviral strategy in Aedes aegypti . (bvsalud.org)
Cells1
- In this article, we have used an RNA interference approach in order to analyse the effects of SMN depletion on snRNP assembly in HeLa cells. (cnrs.fr)
Neurological1
- RNA interference based gene therapy for neurological disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Cellular1
Therapeutic2
- Antisense RNA produced intracellularly by an expression vector may be developed and find utility as novel therapeutic agents. (wikipedia.org)
- Zilebesiran, an RNA Interference Therapeutic Agent for Hypertension. (cdc.gov)
Targets1
- We aim at identifying targets on DNA- or RNA-level that may facilitate the development of novel generations of highly efficient metal-based protocols for treatment of cancers. (lu.se)
Transfection1
- As an alternative to the knockout model, RNA interference was used to decrease UOX expression using stable transfection in a mouse hepatic cell line (ATCC, FL83B). (cdc.gov)
Mechanisms2
- Molecular mechanisms for regulation of gene expression at different levels: remodeling of chromatin, initiation of transcription, nuclear transport and signalling, and RNA interference. (lu.se)
- Epigenetic and RNA-mediated mechanisms. (lu.se)
Therapy2
- By suppressing its expression, the RNA therapy aims to restore bone mass and quality to nearly normal levels. (biopharmatrend.com)
- As SiSaf prepares for first-in-human clinical trials for SIS-101-ADO, it's evident that this groundbreaking RNA therapy could well pave the way for new treatment options for rare bone and skeletal diseases. (biopharmatrend.com)
Mice2
- We also demonstrate the usefulness of this approach to achieve conditional, tissue-specific RNA interference in Cre-expressing transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
- We designed plants that make a cocktail of three human tumor suppressor RNAs and then fed those plants to mice", says Vance. (yogaesoteric.net)
Insects1
- Her research lines up with findings from Chinese researcher Dr. Chen-Yu Zhang, who has confirmed new dangers of RNA interference technology in plants engineered to kill insects. (yogaesoteric.net)