Rna cap binding proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Bacterial RNA polymerase (RNA Pol) can initiate transcription in vitro by accepting nucleotide metabolites capped with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc), and uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). (biosyn.com)
Our goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms whereby the genomic RNA of influenza-like viruses is, on the one hand, the template for transcription and replication of the viral genome by its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and, on the other hand, an Achilles' heel, whose recognition as non-self can trigger an innate immune response to counter the viral infection. (embl.org)
The observed binding mode is maintained in the context of heterotrimeric influenza polymerase, placing ANP32A in the immediate vicinity of known host-adaptive PB2 mutants. (nature.com)
Replication of IAV is carried out by the RNA-dependent RNA viral polymerase that functions as a heterotrimeric complex, formed from separate components PA, PB1 and PB2. (nature.com)
Elongating RNA polymerase II is targeted by macromolecular assemblies that regulate mRNA synthesis and processing. (mskcc.org)
Although recruitment of the capping enzymes to the transcription complex is dependent on phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of the Rpb1 subunit of polymerase II (Po1-II), there may be additional levels of control that coordinate capping with elongation. (mskcc.org)
During initiation , RNA polymerase (an enzyme) attaches to a 'promotor' sequence which indicates the start of the section of gene that is to be copied. (biologydictionary.net)
Bound to the promotor, RNA polymerase severs the weak hydrogen bonds between each nitrogenous base pair and essentially unzips the double DNA strand. (biologydictionary.net)
Specific sequences on DNA, called promoters , determine where the RNA polymerase binds and how frequently it initiates transcription. (basicmedicalkey.com)
In bacteria , a single RNA polymerase produces the primary transcript precursors for all three major classes of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). (basicmedicalkey.com)

Transcription (genetics) Five-prime cap Gross CH, Shuman S (September 1998). (wikipedia.org)
The eponymous FinO protein was discovered as a regulator of F plasmid conjugation nearly 50 years ago, and acts to bind a single partner sRNA called FinP to stabilize FinP and facilitate its interactions with its antisense partner, the mRNA encoding the major F plasmid transcription factor, TraJ 5 . (nature.com)
Most cytoplasmic-replicating negative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs) initiate genome transcription by cap snatching. (wur.nl)
Altogether, the results implicate a more complex situation in which, besides PB, additional cytoplasmic sources are used during transcription/cap snatching of cytoplasmic-replicating and segmented NSVs. (wur.nl)
These studies are being extended to viral RNPs (the physiological RNA synthesis units) to understand the behaviour of the viral nucleoprotein during replication and transcription and to include host factors important for viral replication. (embl.org)
eIF4E, a protein modulates translation of maternal mRNAs in early embryos before the onset of zygotic transcription. (affbiotech.com)
The transcription process, including the role of messenger RNA and Enzymes, will also be highlighted in the study to understand the process of protein synthesis. (nativeassignmenthelp.co.uk)
However, it has been proven that more than 62% of genomic DNA serves as a template for transcription, which indicates that there are abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human transcriptome [ 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
SncRNAs are less than 200 nt in length, consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
The process of gene expression is a combination of transcription and translation , where a sequence of DNA code provides the information necessary to construct a new protein molecule from available cellular materials. (biologydictionary.net)
A gene is a segment of DNA that functions as a unit to generate an RNA product or, through the processes of transcription and translation, a polypeptide chain. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Because bacteria do not contain nuclei, ribosomes bind to mRNA as it is being transcribed, and protein synthesis occurs simultaneously with transcription. (basicmedicalkey.com)

sRNAs usually work by pairing with target mRNAs, often with the assistance of protein partners called RNA chaperones. (nature.com)
Heterogeneous population of RNA granules serve as motile units to translocate, store, translate, and degrade mRNAs in the dendrites contain cis -elements and trans -acting factors such as RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs to convey stimulus-, transcript-specific local translation. (frontiersin.org)
The existence of mRNAs retaining both nuclear cap binding protein and EJC in the distal sites of neuronal processes suggests that some localized mRNAs have not yet undergone the "very first translation," which contribute to the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
Through this interaction, mRNAs and their associative proteins form messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) that are actively transported along the cytoskeleton to intracellular destinations. (frontiersin.org)
The source of host mRNAs from which the cytoplasmic NSVs snatch capped-RNA leader sequences has remained elusive. (wur.nl)
Nuclear mRNA transcripts acquire a protein coat composed of cap- and RNA-binding proteins that allow nuclear export and dictate the functional program of cytoplasmic mRNAs ( Moore, 2005 ). (rupress.org)
Some mRNAs are programmed for immediate translation, a process that remodels the protein coat and assembles a polysome. (rupress.org)
The 5'- terminal ends of cellular mRNAs contain an m7GpppN cap, in which N can be any nucleotide. (biosyn.com)
The RNA helicase eIF4A and the scaffold protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) and the capping protein eIF4E are part of the complex that loads the mRNAs onto the 40 S ribosomal subunit, together with eIF3. (biosyn.com)
eIF4E binds to the 7 methyl GTP cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs. (affbiotech.com)
Recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures. (affbiotech.com)
The activity of LARP1 is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1): a eukaryotic protein kinase complex that integrates nutrient sensing with mRNA translation, particularly that of TOP mRNAs. (au.dk)
Poly(A) binding protein (PABPC1) normally stimulates mRNA translation by interacting with several translation initiation factors bound to the 5'- end of mRNAs. (expasy.org)
NF90/NF110 are also functional in inhibiting viral replication through binding to viral mRNAs. (ijbs.com)
The mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes exhibit an interesting exception to the central dogma: their pre-mRNAs do not have the correct information to specify a functional protein. (openstax.org)
The mRNAs of this pathogen must be modified by the addition of nucleotides before protein synthesis can occur. (openstax.org)

These enzymes are very much similar to protein tyrosine phosphatases in their structure and mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
A total of five major Open Reading Frames (ORF) were found in COVID-19: the ORF 1a/b region coding replicase and other enzymes, the spike or S protein ORF, M or membrane glycoprotein ORF, E or small membrane protein ORF and the N or nucleocapsid ORF ( fig. 1 )[ 5 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Here we show that the triphosphatase (Pct1) and guanylyltransferase (Pce1) enzymes of the fission yeast capping apparatus bind independently to the elongation factor Spt5. (mskcc.org)
The C-terminal domain of the 990-amino acid Schizosaccharomyces pombe Spt5 protein, composed of repeats of a nonapeptide motif (consensus sequence TPAWNSGSK), is necessary and sufficient for binding to the capping enzymes in vivo (in a two-hybrid assay) and in vitro. (mskcc.org)
We suggest that Spt5-induced arrest of elongation at promoter proximal positions ensures a temporal window for recruitment of the capping enzymes. (mskcc.org)
In the organism major part of the body components is protein by nature and the enzymes carrying out almost all biological activities are also proteins. (cbsetuts.com)
Genes are transcribed by enzymes called RNA polymerases that generate a single-stranded RNA identical in sequence (with the exception of U in place of T) to one of the strands of the double-stranded DNA. (basicmedicalkey.com)

The eukaryotic ribosome consists of 4 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and 80 ribosomal proteins (RPs). (au.dk)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)
Eukaryotic (and prokaryotic) tRNAs and rRNAs also undergo processing before they can function as components in the protein-synthesis machinery. (openstax.org)
Eukaryotic protein-coding sequences are not continuous, as they are in prokaryotes. (openstax.org)
The goal of our research group is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation phase of protein synthesis in eukaryotic organisms. (nih.gov)
Eukaryotic genes are transcribed in the nucleus by three different RNA polymerases , each principally responsible for one of the major classes of RNA. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Ribavirin competitively inhibits the binding of eIF4E to the m7G RNA cap. (haematologica.org)
4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) block the interaction of eIF4E with eIF4G to negatively regulate the formation of the eIF4F complex. (biosyn.com)
PABP binding to poly(A) increases PABP's affinity to eIF4G and the affinity of eIF4E for the cap as well. (biosyn.com)
studied the interaction of synthetic N7-substituted GMP cap anlogs with the eIF4E mononucleotide binding site. (biosyn.com)
The Kds of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), GMP, and cap derivatives interactions with eIF4E were determined. (biosyn.com)
Figure 3 shows molecular models of the cystal structure of eIF4E, in complex with the cap m7GpppA, and a 4EBP1 peptide. (biosyn.com)
Phosphorylation of eIF4E on serine 209 regulates the affinity of this protein for the 7 methyl GTP cap and/or RNA. (affbiotech.com)
Component of the CYFIP1-EIF4E-FMR1 complex which binds to the mRNA cap and mediates translational repression. (affbiotech.com)
In the CYFIP1-EIF4E-FMR1 complex this subunit mediates the binding to the mRNA cap. (affbiotech.com)
The interaction between PABPC1 and eIF4G forms a protein bridge between 5'- and 3'-ends, enhancing cap binding by eIF4E and RNA binding by eIF4G and PABPC1. (expasy.org)
Both eIF4A and eIF4E bind to eIF4G and form the eIF4F complex. (nih.gov)
Whether translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), the mRNA cap binding and rate-limiting factor required for translation, is a target for cytotoxicity and cell death induced by cadmium , a human carcinogen, was investigated. (cdc.gov)
Exposure of human cell lines, HCT15, PLC/PR/5, HeLa, and Chang, to cadmium chloride resulted in cytotoxicity and cell death, and this was associated with a significant decrease in eIF4E protein levels. (cdc.gov)
Similarly, specific silencing of the expression of the eIF4E gene, caused by a small interfering RNA, resulted in significant cytotoxicity and cell death. (cdc.gov)
Further studies revealed the absence of alterations in the eIF4E mRNA level in the cadmium -treated cells despite their decreased eIF4E protein level. (cdc.gov)
In addition, exposure of cells to cadmium resulted in enhanced ubiquitination of eIF4E protein while inhibitors of proteasome activity reversed the cadmium -induced decrease of eIF4E protein. (cdc.gov)
Taken together, our results demonstrate that the exposure of cells to cadmium chloride resulted in cytotoxicity and cell death due to enhanced ubiquitination and consequent proteolysis of eIF4E protein, which in turn diminished cellular levels of critical genes such as cyclin D1. (cdc.gov)

In starvation conditions, the reinitiating ribosomes bypass uORFs 2-4 and reinitiate at GCN4 instead, owing to lowered availability of the ternary complex (TC)-comprised of initiation factor 2 (eIF2), GTP, and initiator Met-tRNAi-which binds to the small (40S) ribosomal subunit to assemble a 43S preinitiation complex (PIC). (nih.gov)

Its genome consist of single-stranded plus sense RNA which is capped at 5' end and polyadenylated at 3' end[ 6 , 7 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
In bacteria and archaea , structural proteins with related functions are usually encoded together within the genome in a block called an operon and are transcribed together under the control of a single promoter , resulting in the formation of a polycistronic transcript ( Figure 12.30 ). (pressbooks.pub)
The bookends of the viral genome are responsible for many of the virus's critical functions, including initiation of replication, protein synthesis, and messenger RNA synthesis. (williamhaseltine.com)
Moreover, understanding the details of how the ends of the viral genome interact with viral and cellular proteins is a prerequisite to the discovery of new antiviral drugs. (williamhaseltine.com)
As it enters a cell, the viral genome is organized as a compact package bound to multiple nucleocapsid capsid (N) proteins (Figure 4). (williamhaseltine.com)
The viral genome itself serves as a template for the synthesis of the very first viral proteins located in a long open reading frame that begins at the "AUG" initiation codon located 266 nucleotides from the 5 prime end of the genome, buried deep within the 5' stem-loop structures. (williamhaseltine.com)
Question: How do the translation machinery, translation initiation, and associated initiation factors recognize the genome RNA complexed with the N protein. (williamhaseltine.com)
Virus protein synthesis begins when the ribosomes bind the 5′ end of the genome and initiate synthesis (Figure 5). (williamhaseltine.com)
The nucleoprotein plays critical roles in viral RNA replication and genome assembly, and nucleozin was shown to block replication of H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 viruses in cell culture experiments and also to protect mice from lethal challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A H5N1. (drugdiscoveryopinion.com)
Studies of human genome demonstrate that protein-coding genes only occupy less than 2% of the entire genome [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
Other genes in the mitochondrial genome encode 40- to 80-nucleotide guide RNAs. (openstax.org)
Abstract: RNA transcribed from the genome in the nucleus bears little resemblance to the RNA polymer it will ultimately become in the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein. (uci.edu)

PB2 genes (viral ribonucleoproteins [RNPs]) and are most- encoded protein sequences have not been extensively ly located in the functional domains related to RNP-RNP reported. (cdc.gov)
These codes also help in the analysis of the gene sequencing and the protein sequencing of the amino acid in the genes. (nativeassignmenthelp.co.uk)
The proteins encoded by these genes were members of the interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) family, IFITM-1, IFITM-2 and IFITM-3. (drugdiscoveryopinion.com)
In the online version, these sections contain links to more information about proteins encoded by over 17,000 known or predicted human genes. (cshlpress.com)

The enzyme polynucleotide 5′-phosphatase (RNA 5′-triphosphatase, RTPase, EC 3.1.3.33) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction a 5′-phosphopolynucleotide + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } a polynucleotide + phosphate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. (wikipedia.org)
Every antibody, enzyme and chemical messenger is created from protein. (biologydictionary.net)

The only specific molecular function known is the catalysis of the reaction: a 5′-end triphospho-(purine-ribonucleotide) in mRNA + H2O = a 5′-end diphospho-(purine-ribonucleoside) in mRNA + phosphate RTPases cleave the 5′-terminal γ-β phosphoanhydride bond of nascent messenger RNA molecules, enabling the addition of a five-prime cap as part of post-transcriptional modifications. (wikipedia.org)
We review the relationship between different classes of these granules and discuss how spatial organization regulates messenger RNA translation/decay. (rupress.org)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates cell proliferation. (biosyn.com)
In other words, it masquerades as a cellular messenger RNA. (williamhaseltine.com)
FIGURE 5: Messenger RNA being translated by a ribosome. (williamhaseltine.com)
Although biochemical studies indicate that N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) is the most prevalent internal modification in messenger RNA, an in-depth study of its distribution and functions has been impeded by a lack of robust analytical methods. (scienceopen.com)
A genic segment of DNA may be called a store of information and that information is transferred to mRNA in coded form therefore, the RNA produced from a gene segment is called messenger RNA. (cbsetuts.com)

Enteroviruses are a group of single-stranded sense RNA viruses that commonly cause infections, especially in infants and children. (medscape.com)
The protein has a preference for binding single stranded DNA and RNA. (idhinhibitor.com)

Small RNAs (sRNAs) control a variety of physiological responses across bacterial species 1 . (nature.com)

We subse- the mechanism of influenza viral infection and replication quently used 15,785 protein sequences from the National in different host species. (cdc.gov)
This paper describes a novel method for identifying amino acid sites that distinguish specific sets of protein sequences, by comparative analysis of matched alignments. (biomedcentral.com)
The method presented was applied to an analysis of influenza A PB2 protein sequences, with the objective of identifying the components of adaptation to human-to-human transmission, and reconstructing the mutation history of these components. (biomedcentral.com)
We compared over 3,000 PB2 protein sequences of human-transmissible and avian isolates, to produce a catalogue of sites involved in adaptation to human-to-human transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic Control of Protein Production in Prokaryotic as per the Lac Operon and the effects of mutation on amino acid sequences of polypeptide and explanation of the results will also be discussed in the study. (nativeassignmenthelp.co.uk)
The entire text of the Guide is searchable, and tools are available for identifying human protein sequences using those from other species. (cshlpress.com)
Exons, which contain the coding sequences for the proteins, are separated in pre-mRNA by introns , regions that have no coding function. (basicmedicalkey.com)

The ribosome is an essential unit of all living organisms that commands protein synthesis, ultimately fuelling cell growth (accumulation of cell mass) and cell proliferation (increase in cell number). (au.dk)
We uncovered the functions of ABCE proteins Rli1/ABCE1 and Arb1 in PIC assembly and ribosome biogenesis, and identified the tRNA methyltransferase Gcd10/Gcd14, which contributed to the discovery of the TRAMP-mediated RNA surveillance pathway. (nih.gov)
Does the N protein disassociate from the RNA on entry spontaneously or is it displaced by cellular proteins and the ribosome during protein synthesis? (williamhaseltine.com)

The ProQ/FinO family of RNA binding proteins mediate sRNA-directed gene regulation throughout gram-negative bacteria. (nature.com)
Cytoplasmic RNA granules in germ cells (polar and germinal granules), somatic cells (stress granules and processing bodies), and neurons (neuronal granules) have emerged as important players in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. (rupress.org)
Thus, GCGs contain proteins involved in translation initiation, translation control, and mRNA decay, which is consistent with their proposed role in the regulation ofs maternal mRNA expression. (rupress.org)
Our findings therefore suggest that RNA decoration by m(6)A has a fundamental role in regulation of gene expression. (scienceopen.com)
The protein functions in cap-independent translation of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA, and may also function in sterol-mediated transcriptional regulation. (idhinhibitor.com)

Enteroviruses belong to the Picornaviridae (small RNA viruses) family. (medscape.com)
The cell counters RNA viruses with innate immune pattern-recognition receptors, such as the RNA helicase RIG-I, which recognise particular viral RNA structural motifs (e.g. 5′ triphosphate-dsRNA) as non-self, thus activating a signalling pathway leading to interferon production and establishment of the anti-viral state. (embl.org)
In response, viruses deploy proteins as counter-counter-measures to dampen the immune response, for instance, by supressing the RIG-I signalling pathway. (embl.org)
We have extended our work on viral polymerases to those of other segmented negative-strand RNA viruses such as the large order of Bunyavirales . (embl.org)
Inhibiting host translation eventually leads to shutoff of host proteins expression and gives viruses transcripts a competitive edge for access to the cellular translation machinery. (expasy.org)
Viruses are economical with their own genetic information, relying on requisition of host cellular proteins to complete their lifecycle. (drugdiscoveryopinion.com)
Although the proteins are not effective against all viruses, the discovery could lead to new antiviral therapeutics. (drugdiscoveryopinion.com)
CircRNAs were first identified in RNA viruses in the 1970s [ 12 - 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
2020). The binding of enveloped viruses like Gata6 SARS-CoV-2 to its receptors results in events related to membrane fusion and/or endocytosis followed by establishment of the primary infection. (nostradamus2018.com)
2020). The host proteins that interact with SARS-CoV-2 are involved in endocytosis and replication of viruses (Gordon et al. (nostradamus2018.com)
Commonly composed of either DNA or RNA cores with protein coverings, and having no inherent reproductive ability, viruses depend upon the host for replication. (medcraveonline.com)
They must utilize the nucleic acids of living cells they infect to reproduce their proteins (i.e., trick the host into producing them), which are then assembled into new viruses like cars on an assembly line. (medcraveonline.com)
Using the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 backbone, we generated a comprehensive panel of recombinant A(H3N2) viruses that have different NAs but shared an HA that displays poor binding to red blood cells (RBCs). (cdc.gov)
Additionally, 31 viruses contained mutations that may reduce susceptibility to inhibitors of neuraminidase (NA) (n=20) or cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) (n=11). (cdc.gov)

RNA transport and regulated local translation play critically important roles in spatially restricting gene expression in neurons. (frontiersin.org)
Whereas regulating gene expression in multicellular organisms allows for cellular differentiation, in single-celled organisms like prokaryotes, it primarily ensures that a cell's resources are not wasted making proteins that the cell does not need at that time. (pressbooks.pub)
Mechanically, m6A can be recognized by "reader" proteins or can directly modify RNA conformation, and it widely affects gene expression by mediating RNA stability, translation, splicing and export. (scienceopen.com)
Proteins play an important role in the construction of the body structure as well as in the gene expression of living beings. (cbsetuts.com)
The proteins produced in this way become the ultimate fate in the gene expression. (cbsetuts.com)
This course requires a network of host factors to create an optimal environment for facilitating viral entry, gene expression, RNA synthesis and virus release (de Wilde et al. (nostradamus2018.com)
One possibility is that the mitochondria, being remnants of ancient prokaryotes, have an equally ancient RNA-based method for regulating gene expression. (openstax.org)

This process is entirely mediated by RNA molecules. (openstax.org)
Although speculative, the process of RNA editing may be a holdover from a primordial time when RNA molecules, instead of proteins, were responsible for catalyzing reactions. (openstax.org)
They act as binding molecules and carrier molecules allowing for transport and storage of atoms and molecules throughout the body. (biologydictionary.net)
In both plants and animals, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors play crucial roles in the recognition of pathogen-derived molecules and the activation of defense. (ubc.ca)

Additional links to NCBI resources are provided for human noncoding RNAs and repeated DNA elements and for proteins of interest from other species. (cshlpress.com)

Previously, we worked on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, which play an essential role in protein synthesis by charging specifically their cognate tRNA(s) with the correct amino acid and editing mischarged amino acids if necessary (Palencia et al . (embl.org)
On one hand, it causes activation of amino acids and on the other, it helps binding of amino acids to the tRNA end. (cbsetuts.com)
Our data indicated that the mRNA entry channel arm of eIF3 as well as its b subunit play important roles in stabilizing binding of the initiator tRNA-containing eIF2 ternary complex to the PIC and in accelerating mRNA binding. (nih.gov)

Mass spectrometry combined with X-ray crystallography allows the characterization of cap protein interactions. (biosyn.com)
Generally, non-specific interactions should be controlled with a parallel pull-down assay using protein A/G-sepharose without antibody. (sysy.com)
Interestingly, functionally redundant SNIPER1 and SNIPER2 can control the protein levels of diverse sNLRs and the interactions between SNIPER1 and sNLRs appear to be through the common nucleotide-binding (NB) domains of sNLRs. (ubc.ca)

in 2007, showed that mass spectrometry allows the measurement of the apparent gas-phase equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) values for the specific molecular binding events. (biosyn.com)
In this study, we provide the first evidence that MucR from Brucella abortus binds more than one target site in the promoter region of its own gene, suggesting a molecular mechanism by which this protein represses its own expression. (cnr.it)
Potential binding sites for nucleozin on the influenza nucleoprotein were also predicted using molecular docking models. (drugdiscoveryopinion.com)
Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of NA to function as a binding protein. (cdc.gov)

recently reported a method called CapQuant that allows the identification of cap-like RNAs in bacteria, virusus, yeast and human tissues. (biosyn.com)
We identified the eIF2α phosphatases in yeast and made key contributions to elucidating the mechanism whereby phosphorylated eIF2 inhibits its GDP-GTP exchange factor, eIF2B, defining the catalytic and regulatory subcomplexes of eIF2B and their distinct roles in binding phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated eIF2. (nih.gov)
Here, we identify two novel effectors of PtdIns(4,5)P 2 in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the PH domain containing protein Slm1 and its homolog Slm2. (scite.ai)

Proteins that specifically bind to RNA CAPS and form nuclear cap binding protein complexes. (bvsalud.org)
Structural complexes between proteins and their substrates can be studied in the gas-phase to determine equilibrium dissociation constants. (biosyn.com)
The Cusack group uses X-ray crystallography and cryo electron-microscopy (cryoEM) to study the structural biology of protein-RNA complexes involved in RNA virus replication, innate immunity and cellular RNA metabolism. (embl.org)

Insight into how these proteins recognize their cognate RNAs initiated with FinO. (nature.com)
consequently, this motif is referred to as the cap site diad element (CSDE) and the cognate factor as the cap site-binding protein (CSBP). (nebraska.edu)
These results indicate that a negative regulatory element centered at the GPHα gene cap site and its cognate DNA-binding protein make a significant contribution to the production of α-subunit in a variety of tumor tissues. (nebraska.edu)

Different classes of RNA granules share some protein components and may use similar mechanisms to regulate mRNA translation/decay. (rupress.org)
Here we show that m6A is selectively recognized by the human YTH domain family 2 (YTHDF2) protein to regulate mRNA degradation. (scienceopen.com)
Various protein factors regulate the process of translation. (cbsetuts.com)
These alterations regulate critical aspects of RNA function such as stability, transport, protein binding, and translation. (uci.edu)

Preventing the expression of host proteins is also a strategy to counteract the antiviral response. (expasy.org)
While the precise host proteins in SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication are not yet understood, its host interactome has been characterized (Gordon et al. (nostradamus2018.com)
Most NLRs guard host proteins that are the direct targets of pathogen effectors. (ubc.ca)

Well-known processes such as capping, splicing and polyadenylation, as well as the recently discovered and ever-expanding list of diverse chemical modifications and editing, significantly alter the properties and fates of a given RNA during the course of its lifetime. (uci.edu)

In parallel, we are doing the same for viral replication, which is unprimed and occurs in two-steps via an intermediate complementary RNA (cRNA). (embl.org)
The + +) placental subsets expressed mRNA for proteins involved in viral budding and replication. (nostradamus2018.com)
Following its entry and uncoating, coronavirus replication is initiated by translation of its non-structural proteins including the replicases that allow viral RNA synthesis and capping. (nostradamus2018.com)

A heterodimeric protein complex of RNA cap-binding proteins which binds with high affinity to the 5' MRNA CAP STRUCTURE. (bvsalud.org)

The capping apparatus is the first of the assemblies to act on the nascent pre-mRNA. (mskcc.org)

Met-tRNAi binds to the 40S subunit as a ternary complex (TC) with the GTP-bound form of the initiation factor eIF2. (nih.gov)

Proteins are constructed through an intricate action blueprinted and carried out by the nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). (biologydictionary.net)

The first requirement of the viral RNA is to avoid triggering the antiviral defenses, collectively called the innate immune response. (williamhaseltine.com)
Wang M, Yu F, Wu W, Zhang Y, Chang W, Ponnusamy M, Wang K, Li P. Circular RNAs: A novel type of non-coding RNA and their potential implications in antiviral immunity. (ijbs.com)
The antiviral dsRNA-binding proteins, NF90/NF110, act as key regulators in circRNA biogenesis. (ijbs.com)

RNA polymerases differ from DNA polymerases in that they can initiate the synthesis of new strands in the absence of a primer. (basicmedicalkey.com)

The sugar differs in the nucleotides of the DNA and the RNA. (nativeassignmenthelp.co.uk)
However, the guide RNA has more A nucleotides than the pre-mRNA has U nucleotides with which to bind. (openstax.org)
The DNA strand that directs the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA by complementary base pairing is the template strand. (basicmedicalkey.com)

The S1 subunit (PDB I.D-6VSB) of the spike protein being reported to acts as receptor binding domain (RBD), binding to ACE-2 receptor with higher affinity. (ijpsonline.com)
Human ANP32A IDD transiently binds to the 627 domain, exploiting multivalency to maximise affinity. (nature.com)

The process is ATP-dependent and likely requires several RNA helicases, including the DEAD-box protein Ded1p. (nih.gov)

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant inner RNA modification in eukaryotes. (scienceopen.com)

MucR binds multiple target sites in the promoter of its own gene and is a heat-stable protein: Is MucR a H-NS-like protein? (cnr.it)

Here we report a class of mRNA granules in human neuronal processes that are enriched in the nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC) and exon junction complex (EJC) core components, Y14 and eIF4AIII. (frontiersin.org)

Earlier reports have pointed towards cytoplasmic-RNA processing bodies (P body, PB), although several questions have remained unsolved. (wur.nl)
An uncapped RNA suggests a model for Caenorhabditis elegans polycistronic pre-mRNA processing. (colorado.edu)
The polypeptide chain may be converted into protein through post-translational processing. (cbsetuts.com)
The cell performs an additional RNA processing step called RNA editing to remedy this. (openstax.org)

TSWV and RSV N proteins also co-localized with Ran GTPase-activating protein 2 (RanGAP2), a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling factor, in the perinuclear region, and partly in the nucleus when co-expressed with its WPP domain containing a nuclear-localization signal. (wur.nl)

Structure-guided mutagenesis reveals key RNA contact residues that are critical for RocC/RocR to repress the uptake of environmental DNA in L. pneumophila . (nature.com)

The SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA skirts all these alarm signals as it is properly capped and methylated by the virus's own proteins. (williamhaseltine.com)

Phosphorylation increases the ability of the protein to bind to mRNA caps and to form the eIF4F complex. (affbiotech.com)

During in vivo cap-donor competition experiments, TSWV used transcripts destined to PB and SG, but also functional transcripts engaged in translation. (wur.nl)
The primary transcripts are modified and trimmed to produce the mature RNAs. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Sci Rep. 2018) and nucleoside analogue, RNA synthesis inhibitors (Kouba et al . (embl.org)

Three other factors, eIF1, eIF1A, and eIF3, also bind to the 40S subunit and promote the loading of the TC. (nih.gov)
and the 40S subunit- and RNA-binding protein eIF4B. (nih.gov)
These events include ejection of eIF1 from its binding site on the 40S subunit, movement of the C-terminal tail (CTT) of eIF1A, and release of phosphate from eIF2, which converts eIF2 to its GDP-bound state. (nih.gov)
The N-terminal domain of the a subunit of eIF3 plays an important role in stabilizing mRNA binding in the exit channel (Reference 1). (nih.gov)

MucR is a member of the Ros/MucR family, which comprises prokaryotic zinc-finger proteins and includes Ros from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the Ml proteins from Mesorhizobium loti. (cnr.it)

In a study to identify cellular proteins required by the H1N1 influenza virus, collaborators from Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Yale Medical School, and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute have now made an unexpected discovery. (drugdiscoveryopinion.com)

SUSA2 encodes an F-box protein Actin-Related Protein 8 (ARP8) and SUSA3 encodes the chaperone protein HSP90.3. (ubc.ca)

A 116-amino acid fragment of the guanylyl-transferase Pce1 suffices for binding to the Spt5 C-terminal domain (CTD) but not for binding to the Po1-II CTD. (mskcc.org)
Every protein actually represents a chain of amino acids, the polypeptide. (cbsetuts.com)
The polypeptide chain is the primary configuration of a protein in which the amino acids may be linked in the linear array by an organized system within the cell. (cbsetuts.com)
Altogether 20 amino acids are involved in the formation of protein. (cbsetuts.com)
The process is known as protein biosynthesis and involves the construction of protein chains from individual amino acids in a particular sequence. (biologydictionary.net)
All amino acids have a central alpha carbon atom upon which is bound a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom (H), an amine group (NH 2 ), and a functional and variable radical side chain which defines which amino acid it is. (biologydictionary.net)
Each protein is the combination of a specific sequence of amino acids, built according to the blueprint contained within the DNA. (biologydictionary.net)

Anatomy4

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes20

Information Science3

Polymerase10

Transcription12

MRNAs16

Enzymes7

Eukaryotic6

EIF4E17

Ribosomal1

Genome12

Genes4

Enzyme2

Messenger RNA7

Single-stranded2

Small RNAs1

Sequences7

Ribosome3

Regulation5

Viruses14

Gene expression7

Molecules4

Noncoding RNAs1

TRNA3

Interactions3

Molecular4

Yeast3

Complexes3

Cognate3

Regulate4

Host proteins3

Polyadenylation1

Replication3

MRNA cap1

Nascent1

Initiation factor1

Nucleic acids1

Antiviral3

Polymerases1

Nucleotides3

Affinity2

Helicases1

Eukaryotes1

Promoter1

Processes1

Processing4

Nucleus1

Mutagenesis1

Genomic1

Form the eIF4F complex1

Transcripts2

Synthesis inhibitors1

Subunit4

Prokaryotic1

Cellular proteins1

Actin1

Amino7