• In some protein assemblies, one subunit may be a "catalytic subunit" that enzymatically catalyzes a reaction, whereas a "regulatory subunit" will facilitate or inhibit the activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • An enzyme composed of both regulatory and catalytic subunits when assembled is often referred to as a holoenzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase is composed of a p110 catalytic subunit and a p85 regulatory subunit. (wikipedia.org)
  • protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit. (wikigenes.org)
  • Receptor-stimulated guanine-nucleotide-triphosphate binding to guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins. (eurekamag.com)
  • The data thus provide evidence for an essential difference between GTP[S] and p[NH]ppG binding to guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins and suggest that, in addition to the nucleotide-exchange reaction, a (thio)phosphate-group-transfer process via guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory protein beta subunits is involved in the receptor-stimulated binding of guanine nucleotide triphosphates to guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins. (eurekamag.com)
  • Expression and phosphorylation of the na-pump regulatory subunit phospholemman in heart failure. (rush.edu)
  • Three subunits of the new complex--Sgn3, Sgn5/JAB1, and Sgn6--exhibit sequence similarities to regulatory components of the 26S proteasome, which could indicate the existence of common substrate binding sites. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • The B56γ3 regulatory subunit-containing protein phosphatase 2A outcompetes Akt to regulate p27KIP1 subcellular localization by selectively dephosphorylating phospho-Thr157 of p27KIP1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on primary sequence comparisons, β subunits are predicted to be modular structures composed of five domains (A-E) that are related to the large family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 281-294 (M 281 HRQET(PSO 3 )VDCLKKFN 294 ) of the α-subunit of mouse and rat CaM kinase II (Ca 2+ /Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II) thiophosphorylated at (Thr 286 ). (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Recognizes the phosphorylated α-subunit of CaM kinase II. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • This antibody does not detect the non-phosphorylated α-subunit of rat CaM kinase II nor the ~60kDa β-subunit in either phosphorylation state. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • This study was aimed to investigate the expression and regulation mechanism of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalylic subunit (DNA-PKcs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and its role in blast crisis of CML. (hku.hk)
  • Inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit by small molecule inhibitor NU7026 sensitizes human leukemic K562 cells to benzene metabolite-induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • We have previously reported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break (DSB) caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
  • Deletion of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel auxiliary subunit TRIP8b impairs hippocampal Ih localization and function and promotes antidepressant behavior in mice. (rush.edu)
  • á2ä-1 is an auxiliary subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channels, and it regulates the trafficking and functions of the channel complex. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Increasing evidence suggests that the beta gamma-subunit dimers of heterotrimeric G proteins play a pivotal role in transducing extracellular signals. (rupress.org)
  • Fusion protein Subunit vaccine Protein quaternary structure Allostery Cooperativity Monomer Stoker, H. Stephen (1 January 2015). (wikipedia.org)
  • This is the expected M(r) for the fusion protein subunit. (lu.se)
  • Although telomerase has telomerase reverse transcriptase as a catalytic subunit, regulation is accomplished by factors outside the protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rdr1 catalytic activity is retained in RDRCs purified from cell extracts lacking any of the nonessential RDRC subunits (Rdn2, Rdf1, Rdf2) or if the RDRC harbors a catalytically inactive Rdn. (nih.gov)
  • A polypeptide chain has one gene coding for it - meaning that a protein must have one gene for each unique subunit. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a protein phosphatase 1 binding protein. (nih.gov)
  • The N-terminal A domain differs among the four subtypes of Ca 2+ channel β subunits (β 1 -β 4 ) primarily as the result of two duplications of an ancestral gene containing multiple alternatively spliced exons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Binger L.C., Willis J.H. (1994) Identification of the cDNA, gene and promoter for a major protein from flexible cuticles of the giant silkmoth Hyalophora cecropia , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
  • Charles J.-P., Chihara C., Nejad S., Riddiford L.M. (1998) Identification of proteins and developmental expression of RNAs encoded by the 65A cuticle protein gene cluster in Drosophila melanogaster , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
  • Lampe D.J., Willis J.H. (1994) Characterization of a cDNA and gene encoding a cuticular protein from rigid cuticles of the giant silkmoth, Hyalophora cecropia , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
  • Nakato H., Izumi S., Tomino S. (1992) Structure and expression of gene coding for a pupal cuticle protein of Bombyx mori , Biochim. (apidologie.org)
  • Izumi S., Tomino S. (1994) Structure and developmental expression of a larval cuticle protein gene of the silkworm, Bombyx mori , Biochim. (apidologie.org)
  • The GNAQ gene provides instructions for making a protein called guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha (Gαq). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The GNAQ gene mutation associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome changes a single building block (amino acid) in the Gαq protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The GNAQ gene mutations in uveal melanoma result in an overactive protein, which leads to excessive signaling. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is recommended that an authorized protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine (Novavax Nuvaxovid) should be offered to individuals in the authorized age groups without contraindications to the vaccine who are not able or willing to receive an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. (canada.ca)
  • The spike protein of SARS-CoV--a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. (who.int)
  • The purified complex contains COP9 and COP11 protein homologs and is very similar, if not identical, to the plant COP9 complex involved in light-mediated signal transduction. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • After treatment with imatinib in mononuclear cell (MNC) of CML patients and K562 in vitro, expression of DNA-PKcs mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and DNA-PKcs protein level, tyrosine phosphorylation of bcr-abl fusion protein were detected by Western blot. (hku.hk)
  • After treatment of MNC of CML and K562 with imatinib in vitro, the expression of DNA-PKcs protein was enhanced while tyrosine phosphorylation of bcr-abl fusion protein decreased. (hku.hk)
  • The phosphorylation of c-Jun requires the carboxy terminus of the protein containing the DNA binding and dimerization domains. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • To characterize the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS), we developed specific PCR primer sets to distinguish 12 groups of LMW-GS genes of Norin 61 and to decide their loci with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Theoretische und angewandte Genetik JO - Theor Appl Genet VL - 112 IS - 2 N2 - To characterize the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS), we developed specific PCR primer sets to distinguish 12 groups of LMW-GS genes of Norin 61 and to decide their loci with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Apple R.T., Fristrom J.W. (1991) 20-hydroxyecdys-one is required for, and negatively regulates, transcription of Drosophila pupal cuticle protein genes, Dev. (apidologie.org)
  • Dotson E.M., Cornel A.J., Willis J.H., Collins F.H. (1998) A family of pupal-specific cuticular protein genes in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
  • The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in protein sequences. (nih.gov)
  • Longer multimeric proteins such as microtubules and other cytoskeleton proteins may consist of very large numbers of subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, dynein is a multimeric protein complex involving two heavy chains (DHCs), two intermediate chains (ICs), two light-intermediate chains (LICs) and several light chains (LCs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Multimeric proteins can be composed of identical or non-identical subunits. (rush.edu)
  • Substructures of multimeric PROTEINS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Kiely M.L., Riddiford L.M. (1985) Temporal programming of epidermal cell protein synthesis during the larval-pupal transformation of Manduca sexta , Wilhelm Roux's, Arch. (apidologie.org)
  • Ochieng V.O., Osir E.O., Ochanda J.O., Olembo N.K. (1993) Temporal synthesis of cuticle proteins during larval development in Glossina morsitans , Comp. (apidologie.org)
  • Palli S.R., Locke M. (1987) The synthesis of hemolymph-proteins by the larval epidermis of an insect Calpodes ethlius (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
  • The dimer abrin, is composed of two protein subunits, A and B. Working as a chemical team, B enables the molecule ingress into the cell, while once inside, the A subunit inhibits the process of protein synthesis. (cdc.gov)
  • by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome, they inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Component of the lid subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. (joplink.net)
  • Molecular cloning and expression of subunit 9 of the 26S proteasome.Hoffman L., Rechsteiner M.FEBS Lett. (joplink.net)
  • In structural biology, a protein subunit is a polypeptide chain or single protein molecule that assembles (or "coassembles") with others to form a protein complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • One subunit is made of one polypeptide chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • With 20 different polypeptide chains, the 30 S subunit adds significantly to our data base of RNA structure and protein-RNA interactions. (caltech.edu)
  • Instead, mRNA vaccines use mRNA created in a laboratory to teach our cells how to make a protein-or even just a piece of a protein-that triggers an immune response inside our bodies. (cdc.gov)
  • These include messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, protein subunit and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, and non-replicating viral vector vaccines. (canada.ca)
  • Both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein subunit COVID-19 vaccines work by delivering instructions (genetic material) to your cells to start building protection against the virus that causes COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
  • The B56γ-containing protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A-B56γ) has been postulated to have tumor suppressive functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ca 2+ channel β subunits regulate cell-surface expression and gating of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel α1 subunits. (jneurosci.org)
  • it still remains to be determined if there are more proteins that can regulate the RPs-MDM2-p53 pathway. (elifesciences.org)
  • The activated Gαq protein then separates from the protein complex and activates signaling pathways that help to regulate the development and function of blood vessels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The thiophosphorylation state of this protein was regulated by guanine nucleotides, Mg2+ and, most importantly, by activated formyl-peptide receptors. (eurekamag.com)
  • Similar to other systems, the mitochondrial ribosome is composed of a small (mtSSU) and a large (mtLSU) subunit, with their core rRNAs, 12S and 16S mitochondrial (mt-) rRNAs, respectively, surrounded by MRPs (30 for the mtSSU and 52 for the mtLSU). (nature.com)
  • Estrogen Effects on Actin Cytoskeletal and Endocytic Proteins Associated With Tubulobulbar Complex Disruption in Rat Testes. (creativebiomart.net)
  • The biochemical and biological phenotypes of RDRC subunit disruption reveal a previously unanticipated complexity of Rdr-dependent sRNA biogenesis in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • Laemmli U.K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature 227, 680-685. (apidologie.org)
  • Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing. (nih.gov)
  • Human proteins, cDNA and human recombinants are used in human reactive ELISA kits and to produce anti-human mono and polyclonal antibodies. (pp1b.com)
  • For example, hemoglobin is a symmetrical arrangement of two identical α-globin subunits and two identical β-globin subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • The subunits of a protein complex may be identical, homologous or totally dissimilar and dedicated to disparate tasks. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, functional subunits were serologically identical to denatured subunits in Ouchterlony double diffusion tests against PVX D-protein antiserum. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • One or more monomeric subunits may compose a protomer which itself is a subunit structure of a larger assembly. (rush.edu)
  • Age-related alterations in GABA(A) receptor subunits in the nonhuman primate hippocampus. (rush.edu)
  • Secondly, it was investigated wheather another protein: the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related protein-1 (LRP1) could also interact with á2ä-1 and TSP. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • It consists of at least eight different subunits including JAB1, the Jun activation-domain binding protein 1, and Trip15, the thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 15. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • When the protein complex is bound to a receptor, the Gαq protein binds to a molecule called GTP and is turned on (activated). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The properties of functional protein subunits thus differ in several respects from those of denatured subunits prepared with pyridine (Shalla and Shepard, 1970). (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • The expression, production and antigenic characterization of CAV viral proteins such as VP1, VP2 and VP3, and their use in the development of diagnostic kit would be useful for CAV infection prevention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To carry out the further antigenic characterization of the immunorelevant domains of the VP2 and VP3 proteins, five recombinant VP2 subunit proteins (VP2-435N, VP2-396N, VP2-345N, VP2-171C and VP2-318C) and three recombinant VP3 subunit proteins (VP3-123N, VP3-246M, VP3-366C), spanning the defined regions of VP2 and VP3 were separately produced by an E. coli expression system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against recombinant Rpp14 and Rpp29 recognize their corresponding antigens in HeLa cells and precipitate catalytically active RNase P. Rpp29 shows 23% identity with Pop4p, a subunit of yeast nuclear RNase P and the ribosomal RNA processing enzyme RNase MRP. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, human RNase P differs in the details of its protein composition, and perhaps in the functions of some of these proteins, from the yeast enzyme. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Nakato H., Toriyama M., Izumi S., Tomino S. (1990) Structure and expression of mRNA for a pupal cuticle protein of the silkworm, Bombyx mori , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
  • Dougherty KA, Nicholson DA, Diaz L, Buss EW, Neuman KM, Chetkovich DM, Johnston D. Differential expression of HCN subunits alters voltage-dependent gating of h-channels in CA1 pyramidal neurons from dorsal and ventral hippocampus. (rush.edu)
  • The defined antigenicity potential of these chimeric subunit proteins produced by expression in E. coli seem to have potential and could be useful in the future for the development of the CAV diagnostic tests based on a subunit protein ELISA system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for T-complex protein subunit epsilon (SMED30018729) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
  • Expression of T-complex protein subunit epsilon (SMED30018729) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for T-complex protein subunit epsilon (SMED30018729) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Proteomic analyses reveal lower expression of TEX40 and ATP6V0A2 proteins related to calcium ion entry and acrosomal acidification in asthenozoospermic males. (nih.gov)
  • Expression of DNA-PKcs mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DNA-PKcs protein by Western blot in 62 CML patients and K562, as compared to those of 23 normal individual controls. (hku.hk)
  • In 26 CML patients received allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT) and 4 CML patients treated with imatinib, the expression of bcr-abl mRNA and DNA-PKcs protein was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. (hku.hk)
  • In 26 CML patients received allo-PBSCT and 4 CML patients treated with imatinib, the expression of DNA-PKcs protein was enhanced while the expression of bcr-abl mRNA decreased. (hku.hk)
  • the decrease of DNA-PKcs protein expression may be one of mechanisms underlying the acute transformation of CML. (hku.hk)
  • Lastly, hydroquinone and NU7026 exhibited synergistic effects on promoting apoptosis by increasing the protein levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 but decreasing the protein expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. (cdc.gov)
  • The kinetics of CS1 and MDH1 activities of the fusion protein were compared to those of the free enzymes. (lu.se)
  • MYC dephosphorylation by the PP1/PNUTS phosphatase complex regulates chromatin binding and protein stability. (nih.gov)
  • NF- kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. (hmdb.ca)
  • This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. (joplink.net)
  • When dissociated from the heterotrimeric complex these subunits interact with a variety of second messenger systems. (jefferson.edu)
  • A novel protein complex has been identified in human cells that has a molecular mass of approximately 450 kDa. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • The Gαq protein is part of a group of proteins called the trimeric G protein complex. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This complex attaches (binds) to other proteins called G protein coupled receptors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It then reattaches to the trimeric G protein complex, turning off the signaling pathways. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The purified recombinant CAV VP1, VP2 and VP3 proteins were then used as antigens in order to evaluate their reactivity against chicken sera using indirect ELISA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Purified recombinant VP2-396N and VP2-345N subunit proteins, which span defined regions of VP2, were demonstrated to have good antigenicity and higher sensitivities than VP3-246M and were able to recognize CAV-positive chicken serum using an ELISA assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biophysical Analysis of the N-Terminal Domain from the Human Protein Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit PNUTS Suggests an Extended Transcription Factor TFIIS-Like Fold. (nih.gov)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Rpp14 and Rpp29, two protein subunits of human ribonuclease P'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here, a genome-wide analysis of the human mitochondrial transcriptome shows that 2'- O -methylation is limited to residues of the mitoribosomal large subunit (mtLSU) 16S mt-rRNA, introduced by MRM1, MRM2 and MRM3, with the modifications installed by the latter two proteins being interdependent. (nature.com)
  • GTPase domain of the 54-kD subunit of the mammalian signal recognition particle is required for protein translocation but not for signal sequence binding. (escholarship.org)
  • While RNA makes up most of the composition of bacterial and cytosolic eukaryotic ribosomes, mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes present a more elaborate protein shell, which aids coping with the oxidative microenvironment. (nature.com)
  • Role of the beta-subunit arginine/lysine finger in integrin heterodimer formation and function. (rush.edu)
  • The GTP-Binding protein alpha subunits are grouped into families according to the type of action they have on second messenger systems. (jefferson.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits" by people in this website by year, and whether "GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)
  • Upregulation of Phosphatase 1 Nuclear-Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Regulates Aurora Kinases and Mitotic Progression. (nih.gov)
  • The 54-kD subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP54) binds to signal sequences of nascent secretory and transmembrane proteins. (escholarship.org)
  • Analysis of the signal sequence binding activity of free SRP54 and SRP54M supports the conclusion that SRP54M binds signal sequences with lower affinity than the intact protein. (escholarship.org)
  • Protein Subunits" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
  • Short-term regulation of excitation-contraction coupling by the beta1a subunit in adult mouse skeletal muscle. (rush.edu)
  • The G protein beta subunit is essential for multiple responses to chemoattractants in Dictyostelium. (rupress.org)