Plasma membrane calcium transporting atpases. Medical search. Frequent questions

These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
A major portion of the Ca 2+ ions are transported through a cellular route under the control of odontoblasts. (intelligentdental.com)
Na transport was then evaluated by direct measurement of radiolabeled ions uptake. (asahq.org)
This movement of ions can be called active transport, without invoking the mysterious machinery of membrane pumps. (raypeat.com)
Magnesium and potassium are mainly intracellular ions, sodium and calcium are mainly extracellular ions. (raypeat.com)
Also, variation in the architecture of the calcium binding sites explains why LMCA1 transports a single Ca 2+ ion similar to PMCA, in contrast to two transported Ca 2+ ions in SERCA. (au.dk)
The separation of charges influences the movement of ions across the membrane. (biologyonline.com)
Protein channels formed by integral proteins allow ions to diffuse across the membrane. (biologyonline.com)
There exists an exchange of molecules and ions in and out of the cell wall, as well as in and out of membrane-bounded intracellular compartments such as the nucleus, ER, and mitrochondria. (wikibooks.org)
Potassium (K + ) and calcium (Ca 2+ ) ions are important for stomatal function in seed plants, however little is known about the contributions of these ions in the stomata of bryophytes and early-branching vascular plants. (plantae.org)
[ 1 ] This pump maintains a low cytoplasmic Ca 2+ level by actively transporting calcium ions from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. (medscape.com)

ACA2_ARATH Calcium-transporting ATPase 2, plasma membrane-type - Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress). (tcdb.org)
A Ca2+-ATPase was purified from plasma membranes (PM) isolated from Arabidopsis cultured cells by calmodulin (CaM)-affinity chromatography. (unimi.it)
At-ACA8 (Arabidopsis-autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPase, isoform 8, accession no. (unimi.it)
At-ACA8 encodes a plasma membrane-localized calcium-ATPAse of arabidopsis with a calmodulin-binding domain at the N terminus / M.C. Bonza, P. Morandini, L. Luoni, M. Geisler, M.G. Palmgren, M.I. De Michelis. (unimi.it)

en] The plasma membrane calcium/calmodulin-dependent ATPase (PMCA) is a ubiquitously expressed calcium-extruding enzymatic pump. (uni.lu)
In the majority of cells the main function of PMCA is as the only system to extrude calcium from the cytosol, however, in the excitable cells of the heart it has only a minor role in the bulk removal of calcium compared to the sodium-calcium exchanger. (uni.lu)
Of key interest in the heart is the functional interaction between the calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and isoform 4 of PMCA. (uni.lu)
Calcium moves across the plasma membrane through pathways such as the plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA), or the sodium calcium exchanger, these are important in expelling calcium from the cell. (hstalks.com)
The very steep gradient is maintained by an energy-driven calcium pump, known as the plasma membrane Ca 2+ ATPase (PMCA). (abdominalkey.com)
Many bacteria export intracellular calcium using active transporters homologous to the well-described mammalian Ca 2+ -ATPases such as plasma-membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase and sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (PMCA and SERCA, respectively). (au.dk)

A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. (mdpi.com)
Non-collagenous proteins could be involved in the nucleation of calcium- and phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite) and may also control the initial growth and orientation of the ionic nucleus. (intelligentdental.com)
Approximately 40% of total calcium is bound to serum proteins, and 80% to 90% of this calcium is bound to albumin. (abdominalkey.com)
Volume 5 of Biomembranes covers an important group of membrane proteins, the ATPases. (elsevier.com)
Cation-transporting proteins that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis for the transport of CALCIUM. (jefferson.edu)
Modulation of channel proteins due to changes due to changes in membrane potential in voltage-gated channels. (biologyonline.com)
There are integral membrane proteins called transporters that mediate movement of molecules that are too polar or too large to move across a membrane by diffusion. (biologyonline.com)
To solve this problem, the cell membrane contains proteins that are selective for unique, water soluble molecules. (wikibooks.org)
The transport may be active transport by carrier proteins with an energy source, or it may be facilitated diffusion or passive transport via channels. (wikibooks.org)
Some studies of keratosis follicularis (Darier disease) have suggested that alterations in calcium regulation may affect the synthesis, folding, or trafficking of desmosomal proteins. (medscape.com)

Part of cellular calcium is sequestered in intracellular organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in muscle cells and in mitochondria. (abdominalkey.com)
Included are the plasma membrane and muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPases, the (Na+ -K+) -ATPase, the gastric (H+ -K+) -ATPase, the plasma membrane H+ -ATPase of fungi and plants, the Mg2+ - transport ATPase, the Salmonella typhimurium, and the K+ -ATPase of Escherichia coli, KdpB. (elsevier.com)
Kinetic Characterization of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (P. Champeil). (elsevier.com)

This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 2. (wikipedia.org)
ATP2A2, located on 12q23-24.1, encodes the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATP isoform 2 protein (SERCA2), which is a calcium pump. (medscape.com)

The Calcium Pump of Plasma Membranes (J. Krebs and D. Guerini). (elsevier.com)
Classically the V-ATPase is a proton pump that ensures the acidification of intracellular compartments, including those destined for secretion and notably synaptic vesicles. (anr.fr)
The mechanism by which decreased activity of the SERCA2 calcium pump leads to these changes is still under investigation. (medscape.com)

The calcium ion is essential to any physiologic phenomena, including preservation of the integrity of cellular membranes, neuromuscular activity, regulation of endocrine and exocrine secretory activities, blood coagulation, activation of the complement system, and bone metabolism. (abdominalkey.com)
Age-related gene expression profiles of the short-lived model animals Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster share a common adult-onset expression program of genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism, DNA repair, catabolism, peptidolysis and cellular transport 3 . (nature.com)
Protein deficiency is an important cause of deranged calcium metabolism. (raypeat.com)
Vitamins K, E, and A are important in regulating calcium metabolism, and preventing osteoporosis. (raypeat.com)
But there are ways of looking at the organism, focusing on energy metabolism, that dont involve the ad hoc theory of calcium pumps, and that make it easy to keep things in context. (raypeat.com)
this presentation is all about calcium metabolism and regulation in human body. (slideshare.net)
Calcium metabolism/ oral surgery courses /certified fixed orthodontic courses. (slideshare.net)

The bone minerals calcium, phosphate and magnesium are all maintained at higher concentrations in utero to achieve adequate bone accretion. (frontiersin.org)
Passive and active transport of bone-minerals occurs across the placenta to achieve higher fetal concentration of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium compared to maternal levels. (frontiersin.org)
The Magnesium Transport ATPases of Salmonella Typhimurium (T. Tao and M.E. Maguire). (elsevier.com)
Magnesium deficiency and calcium deficiency have some similar symptoms (such as cramping), but magnesium is antagonistic to calcium in many systems. (raypeat.com)
Actually they can never improve until their calcium and magnesium intakes are adequate. (raypeat.com)
When cells are excited, stressed, or de-energized, they lose magnesium and potassium, and take up sodium and calcium. (raypeat.com)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. (wikipedia.org)
As you can see, the calcium ion is highly represented, and in fact, this messenger is recycled for many different purposes to mediate the actions (for example) of G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, voltage-operated calcium channels, among others. (hstalks.com)
Total serum calcium is divisible into protein-bound and ultrafiltrable (diffusible) calcium ( Fig. 6-1 ). (abdominalkey.com)
Variations in serum protein alter proportionately the concentration of the protein-bound and total serum calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
An increase in serum albumin concentration of 1 g/dL increases protein-bound calcium by 0.8 mg/dL, whereas an increase of 1 g/dL of globulin increases protein-bound calcium by 0.16 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
Marked changes in serum sodium concentration also affect the protein binding of calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
Hyponatremia increases, whereas hypernatremia decreases protein-bound calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
Changes in pH also affect protein-bound calcium, and an increase or decrease of 0.1 pH increases or decreases protein-bound calcium by 0.12 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
Orthologous to human VMP1 (vacuole membrane protein 1). (nih.gov)
Solute flux magnitude through a mediated transport system is positively correlated with the number of transporters, the rate of conformational change in the transporter protein, and the overall saturation of transporter binding sites which is dependent on the solute concentration and affinity of the transporter. (biologyonline.com)
AJ249352) encodes a 1,074 amino acid protein with 10 putative transmembrane domains, which contains all of the characteristic motifs of Ca2+-transporting P-type Ca2+-ATPases. (unimi.it)
The investigators found that the resultant transfected cells showed defects in ATP2A2 protein expression (15 mutants), ATP hydrolysis (29 mutants), calcium transport (4 mutants), and calcium binding and kinetics (3 mutants). (medscape.com)
Electron microscopy reveals loss of desmosomes (epithelial intercellular junctions formed by membrane and submembrane protein complexes), breakdown of desmosome-keratin intermediate filament attachment, and perinuclear aggregates of keratin intermediate filaments. (medscape.com)

E1-E2 ATPases phosphorylation site. (marchantia.info)

Also, significant discoveries including new embryological molecular genetic transcription factors, the role of active placental mineral transport, and hormone regulation factors have changed the understanding of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the fetus and the newborn. (frontiersin.org)
Care, A.D. (1997) Fetal calcium homeostasis. (scirp.org)

Effect of Lysophosphatidylcholine on ATP and ρ-Nitrophenyl Phosphate Hydrolysis by the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase from Soybean Hypocotyls [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
Influence of K＋ on the Coupling Between ATP Hydrolysis and Proton Transport by the Plasma Membrane H＋-ATPase from Soybean Hypocotyls [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

All of this transport activity is, of course, exceedingly important in shaping the intracellular calcium signal. (hstalks.com)
The ratio of fluorescence emission at 410 nM to that at 490 nM is used as an index of free intracellular calcium. (abdominalkey.com)

The lipid bilayer of cell membranes is impermeable to large and polar molecules but permeable to water molecules and other small uncharged molecules like O 2 and CO 2 . (wikibooks.org)

The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. (wikipedia.org)
The LMCA1 structures provide insight into the evolutionary divergence and conserved features of this important class of ion transporters that also inform us on central mechanisms of mammalian Ca 2+ -ATPases and how they can be regulated or affected by pathological conditions. (au.dk)

In addition to synthesizing surfactant, alveolar type II cells actively transport sodium (Na) from the alveolar space to the interstitium. (asahq.org)

Genomic discoveries have continued to provide new insights into the mechanisms facilitating transplacental bone mineral transport and unveil the causation of conditions previously thought to be idiopathic. (frontiersin.org)
The placental transfer of maternal calcium to the fetus represents a vital mechanism for fetal development and breast-milk production, yet little meaningful information is currently available regarding the biochemical mechanisms involved in this process. (scirp.org)
Once again, the use of different animal models as rodents, rabbit, sheep and bovine have demonstrate different mechanisms of calcium transport across the placenta and contribute to better understand its effects in both fetus and mother during the gestation. (scirp.org)
Odontoblasts maintain the Ca 2+ ion balance by transmembranic transport mechanisms, including Ca-ATPase, Na + exchangers and calcium channels. (intelligentdental.com)
Therefore, we analysed stage-specific gradients of pH i and V mem as well as their dependence on specific ion-transport mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
While the inhibition of Na + /H + -exchangers (NHE) and amiloride-sensitive Na + -channels or of V-ATPases resulted in relative acidification, inhibiting the other ion-transport mechanisms led to relative alkalisation. (biomedcentral.com)
V mem was most efficiently hyperpolarised by inhibiting voltage-dependent L-type Ca 2+ -channels or ATP-sensitive K + -channels, whereas the impact of the other ion-transport mechanisms was smaller. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data show that in the Drosophila follicle-cell epithelium stage-specific pH i - and V mem -gradients develop which result from the activity of several ion-transport mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

The transporter then changes shape in order to expose the bound solute to the opposite side of the membrane. (biologyonline.com)
Water will move from an area with a higher concentration of water to the other side of the membrane with a lower concentration of water. (wikibooks.org)

The availability of free energy is one of the factors that determine if a molecule will move across a membrane, the other being the permeability of the molecule in the lipid bilayer. (wikibooks.org)

This article will guide clinicians through an updated review of calcium and phosphate physiology, then review specific conditions pertinent to successful neonatal care. (frontiersin.org)
4. A thorough understanding of the topic is essential to correct diagnosis and treatment of disorders of calcium and phosphate in the newborn. (frontiersin.org)
The calcium complexes are formed with bicarbonate, phosphate, and acetate. (abdominalkey.com)

Welcome to this lecture on extracellular calcium signaling. (hstalks.com)
In addition, the effects of halothane were assessed in the absence of extracellular calcium (Ca) with or without 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, an intracellular Ca chelating agent. (asahq.org)
The normal concentration of cytosolic calcium is 100 nM/L, which is 10,000-fold lower than the concentration of extracellular calcium. (abdominalkey.com)

thus calcium concentration is higher in fetus than in maternal blood. (scirp.org)
Despite conflicting reports, several investigators agreed that calcium concentration in the fetal blood is mainly regulated by fetal parathyroid hormone and plasma concentration of vitamin D3, a metabolite that plays a key role in calcium transport through the syncytial cells. (scirp.org)
However, an interesting corollary of these plasma membrane fluxes is that they can potentially lead to significant alterations in local calcium concentration at the extracellular face of the cell. (hstalks.com)
Thus, it is obvious that changes in total serum calcium concentration cannot be used for the assessment of the effect on bound calcium concentration unless the changes in albumin and globulin concentrations also are determined. (abdominalkey.com)
Thus, serum water is forced across the membrane, and the ultrafiltrate is analyzed for calcium concentration and then corrected for total serum solids. (abdominalkey.com)
Serum-ionized calcium concentration in normal subjects ranges from 4.0 to 4.9 mg/dL, or 47% of total serum calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
The samples have to be handled anaerobically because changes in pH alter the concentration of ionized calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
The synthesis and secretion of prostaglandins I 2 and E 2 and the normal function of the stretch receptors are dependent on the intracellular ionized calcium concentration. (medscape.com)
Facilitated diffusion moves solutes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until the concentrations become equalized on both sides of the membrane. (biologyonline.com)
Understanding free energy is the heart of understanding how molecules are transported and/or behave in a concentration gradient. (wikibooks.org)
When ΔG is positive the transport is active, an input of energy is needed to move a molecule up a concentration gradient, contrary to ΔG being negative the transport is passive, which means that such molecules will pass through a membrane down their own gradient, simple diffusion. (wikibooks.org)
Diffusion is the process by which molecules migrate over the cell membrane from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. (wikibooks.org)
A low plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration represents, by definition, metabolic acidosis, which may be primary or secondary to a respiratory alkalosis. (medscape.com)
Loss of bicarbonate stores through diarrhea or renal tubular wasting leads to a metabolic acidosis state characterized by increased plasma chloride concentration and decreased plasma bicarbonate concentration. (medscape.com)
Primary metabolic acidoses that occur as a result of a marked increase in endogenous acid production (eg, lactic or keto acids) or progressive accumulation of endogenous acids when excretion is impaired by renal insufficiency are characterized by decreased plasma bicarbonate concentration and increased anion gap without hyperchloremia. (medscape.com)
A normal AG acidosis is characterized by a lowered bicarbonate concentration, which is counterbalanced by an equivalent increase in plasma chloride concentration. (medscape.com)

ii) co-operating with SNAREs to promote synaptic vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane. (anr.fr)

The conformation of H,K-ATPase determines the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) selectivity for active proton transport. (jefferson.edu)

In contrast to ion transporters such as LMCA1, the P4-ATPases transport lipids and are known as lipid flippases. (au.dk)

Plasma membrane enriched preparations obtained from cultured human skin fibroblasts by differential centrifugation and sucrose density centrifugation techniques were found to contain a Mg2+-dependent Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity. (nih.gov)
The (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase activity of both crude and plasma membrane enriched preparations of cultured fibroblasts from cystic fibrosis patients was significantly reduced compared to that activity observed in age-matched controls. (nih.gov)
This study corroborates our previous observations made in crude homogenate preparations of fibroblasts and indicates another cell type where (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase activity may be altered in cystic fibrosis. (nih.gov)
Expression of the sarco/endoplasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase, SERCA1a, in fibroblasts induces the formation of organelle membrane arrays. (jefferson.edu)

The odontoblastic plasma membrane Ca 2+ pumps, present in mineralizing dentin, may play a role in calcium transport and mineralization. (intelligentdental.com)
At their best, they usually rely on some mysterious things called ionic pumps, that perform active transport, powered by little motors, under instructions from molecules that act on their specific receptors. (raypeat.com)

Wooding, F.B.P., Morgan, G., Jones, G.V. and Care, A.D. (1996) Calcium transport and the localization of calbidin- D9K in the ruminant placenta during the second half of pregnancy. (scirp.org)
At-ACA8 is the first plant PM localized Ca2+-ATPase to be cloned and is clearly distinct from animal PM Ca2+-ATPases due to the localization of its CaM-binding domain. (unimi.it)

Cardiac Ca 2+ -ATPase and Phopholamban (A.G. Lee). (elsevier.com)

Sweiry, J.H. and Yudi-levich, D.L. (1984) Asymmetric calcium influx and efflux at maternal and fetal sides of the guinea-pig placenta: Kinetics and specificity. (scirp.org)

The specific activity of the (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase present was 4-5-fold higher than that present in crude membrane preparations and 80-100-fold higher than that present in homogenates. (nih.gov)
The aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR)-that is, the ratio of plasma aldosterone (expressed in ng/dL) to plasma renin activity (PRA, expressed in ng/mL/h)-is the most sensitive means of differentiating primary from secondary causes of hyperaldosteronism. (medscape.com)
The results indicated that the decrease in K+ uptake due to Ca2+ starvation was caused by the repression of the cation-stimulated ATPase activity associated with the plasma membrane fraction. (eurekamag.com)

In order to accomplish this, a solute (molecule to be transported) binds to a specific site on a transporter on one surface of the membrane. (biologyonline.com)

This discovery provided new insight as to why fetal PTH levels were so low, yet fetal calcium levels were maintained higher than and independent of maternal calcium concentrations. (frontiersin.org)
Fetal blood calcium concentrations are maintained ~0.3-0.5 mmol/L higher than in maternal circulation, with the placenta transporting 100-150 mg/kg/day of calcium during the third trimester ( 4 - 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Studies of calcium transfer across the placenta have been reviewed because of the physiological and nutritional importance of this mineral during pregnancy, especially in order to better understand its contribution to development of the fetal skeleton. (scirp.org)

Hosking, D.J. (1996) Calcium ho-meostasis in pregnancy. (scirp.org)

Depending on the membrane, and the needs of the cellular environment, there may be many types of transporters present with specific binding sites for particular types of substances. (biologyonline.com)

Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2B2 gene. (wikipedia.org)

Cytosolic calcium can be measured by loading the tested cells with a fluorescent probe such as indo-1-acetoxymethyl ester and exciting the cells at 350 nM. (abdominalkey.com)
In certain types of cells, a Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, energized by a Na + -gradient, helps drive cytosolic calcium into the extracellular space. (abdominalkey.com)

Calcium-Transporting ATPases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)

In biology and biochemistry, calcium is the substance most often studied, so it is significant that researchers still speak of a calcium paradox. (raypeat.com)

Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications, including diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers. (msdmanuals.com)

Inflammation leads to excessive uptake of calcium by cells, and is a factor in obesity, depression, and the degenerative diseases. (raypeat.com)
Now, eight transporters were found to control the uptake and efflux of calcium. (mdpi.com)

Non-polar molecules can dissolve in the non-polar fatty acid chains of the membrane phospholipids and therefore non-polar molecules have larger permeability constants than polar molecules. (biologyonline.com)
Channel gating is the opening and closing of ion channels which changes the permeability of a membrane. (biologyonline.com)

Smith, C.H. and Moe, A.J. (1992) Nutrient transport pathways across the epithelium of the placenta. (scirp.org)
Brunette, M.G. (1988) Calcium transport through the placenta. (scirp.org)
Husain, S.M. and Mughal, M.Z. (1992) Mineral transport across the placenta. (scirp.org)
Stulc, J. and Stulcová, B. (1986) Transport of calcium by the placenta of the rat. (scirp.org)
Weatherley, A.J., Ross, R., Pickard, D.W. and Care, A.D. (1983) The transfer of calcium during perfusion of the placenta in intact and thyroparathyroidectomized sheep. (scirp.org)

Crystal structures of Ca 2+ -ATPase 1 from Listeria monocytogenes (LMCA1) suggest that LMCA1 is pre-organized for dephosphorylation upon Ca 2+ release, which can explain the rapid dephosphorylation observed earlier in single-molecule studies. (au.dk)

Specifically, diffusion is the mechanism of movement of oxygen, nutrients and other molecules across the capillary walls and the movement of other molecules across membranes. (biologyonline.com)

To minor extents, both pH i -gradients were enhanced and both V mem -gradients were reduced by inhibiting voltage-dependent L-type Ca 2+ -channels, whereas only both pH i -gradients were reduced (increasing acidification) by inhibiting V-ATPases or NHE and Na + -channels. (biomedcentral.com)

The other important classes of ATPase in eukaryotic systems are the vacuolar H+ -ATPases and the F0F1 ATP synthase, and, in bacteria, the anion-translocating ATPases, responsible for resistance to arsenicals and antimonials, and the (Na+ -Mg2+) -ATPase of Acholeplasma. (elsevier.com)

HALOTHANE and the volatile anesthetic agents can modulate ion channel function or ion transport in different tissues. (asahq.org)

Anatomy15

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes20

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Ions11

Arabidopsis4

PMCA6

Proteins10

Sarcoplasmic reticulum3

Isoform2

Pump3

Metabolism7

Magnesium6

Protein13

Phosphorylation site1

Homeostasis2

Hydrolysis2

Intracellular calcium2

Cell Membranes1

Mammalian2

Sodium1

Mechanisms8

Side of the membrane2

Move across a membrane1

Phosphate3

Extracellular calcium3

Concentration16

Synaptic vesicle1

Proton Transport1

Lipids1

Fibroblasts4

Pumps2

Localization2

Cardiac1

Specificity1

Activity3

Transporter1

Fetal3

19961

Substances1

Gene1

Cytosolic2

MeSH1

Biochemistry1

Enzyme1

Uptake2

Permeability2

Placenta5

Molecule1

Mechanism1

Acidification1

Eukaryotic1

Tissues1