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Pentose Phosphate PathwayPentosephosphatesTransaldolaseTransketolasePhosphogluconate DehydrogenaseGlucosephosphate DehydrogenaseXyloseRiboseRibosemonophosphates6-AminonicotinamideArabinoseRibulosephosphatesGlucoseGlycolysisXylitolNADPGluconatesHexosesCitric Acid CycleGlyceraldehyde 3-PhosphateCarbon IsotopesGlucose-6-PhosphateXyluloseGlucosephosphatesGlucose-6-Phosphate IsomeraseFermentationCarbon DioxideAldose-Ketose IsomerasesAldehyde-LyasesCarbohydrate MetabolismSugar AlcoholsGluconobacter oxydansBiofuelsCarbonHexosephosphatesCarbohydrate EpimerasesRibitolHexokinasePyruvatesPhosphoribosyl PyrophosphateIsomerasesThiamineOxidation-ReductionMetabolic Networks and PathwaysCarbon RadioisotopesLactatesFructosephosphatesSugar PhosphatesOxythiamineTalaromycesFructose-Bisphosphate AldolasePyruvic AcidMethylphenazonium MethosulfateGenetic EngineeringAcetatesThermoanaerobacterPhosphofructokinasesNADSugar Alcohol DehydrogenasesEthanolTriosesGlyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating)Renewable EnergyGlycerolGluconeogenesisPhosphotransferasesEnterobacter aerogenesLigninTransferasesRadioisotope Dilution TechniqueKetosesHeptosesBiomassMetabolomeDehydroepiandrosteroneAnaerobiosisPhenazinesIndustrial MicrobiologyRibose-Phosphate PyrophosphokinasePhosphofructokinase-1MonosaccharidesKineticsHeinz BodiesGlutathioneGlucosephosphate Dehydrogenase DeficiencyGlyceraldehydeFormatesCatabolite RepressionLactic AcidMetabolic EngineeringCellobiosePlastidsCulture MediaDecarboxylationModels, BiologicalAldehyde ReductaseMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyGlucose 1-DehydrogenaseD-Xylulose ReductaseFructose

PathwaySugarsMetabolismNADPHMetabolicXyloseMonophosphate shuntHexosesSaccharomycesGlucoseTrioseDeoxyriboseMicroorganismsLignocellulosicBiochemistryYeastsSUGARCarbonXylitolCycleMaterialsImportantProcessSolutionsGlycolysisPathwaysMetabolismOxidative branchOxidationEnzymesGlucoseEnzymeRiboseRegulationAssimilationCycleSugarLiver

Pathway40

• Phosphorylated pentoses are important products of the pentose phosphate pathway, most importantly ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), which is used in the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids, and erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P), which is used in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
• A positive feedback between cholesterol synthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) rather than glycolysis was formed in tumors of c-Myc mice. (nature.com)
• Williams, AC & Ford, WCL 2004, ' Functional significance of the pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione reductase in the anti-oxidant defences of human sperm ', Biology of Reproduction , vol. 71, pp. 1309 - 1316. (bris.ac.uk)
• Reduced oxidative pentose phosphate pathway flux in recombinant xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains improves the ethanol yield from xylose. (lu.se)
• In this study we increased the ethanol yield and decreased the xylitol yield by lowering the flux through the NADPH-producing pentose phosphate pathway. (lu.se)
• The pentose phosphate pathway was blocked either by disruption of the GND1 gene, one of the isogenes of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, or by disruption of the ZWF1 gene, which encodes glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. (lu.se)
• Decreasing the phosphoglucose isomerase activity by 90% also lowered the pentose phosphate pathway flux. (lu.se)
• Metabolic flux modeling of TMB3255 confirmed that the NADPH-producing pentose phosphate pathway was blocked and that xylose reduction was mediated only by NADH, leading to a lower rate of xylose consumption. (lu.se)
• These results indicate that xylitol production is strongly connected to the flux through the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway. (lu.se)
• In pentose phosphate pathway, which of the following process is lacking? (toppr.com)
• The pentose phosphate pathway also called the hexose monophosphate shunt, is a shunt from glycolysis designed to produce either NADPH or ribose or both. (toppr.com)
• In the pentose phosphate pathway, glucose 6-phosphate is directly oxidized without entering glycolysis. (toppr.com)
• Even Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation doesn't happen in pentose phosphate pathway. (toppr.com)
• Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and pyridine nucleotides in relation to heartwood formation in Robinia pseudoacacia L. (mpg.de)
• In the present paper we report on the key position of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPP) for this process. (mpg.de)
• The pentose phosphate pathway is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis which generates NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate. (microbenotes.com)
• The pentose phosphate pathway is also called as the phosphogluconate pathway or hexose monophosphate shunt. (microbenotes.com)
• Key enzyme in the pentose-phosphate pathway is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. (microbenotes.com)
• Pentose phosphate pathway functions as an alternative route for glucose oxidation that does not directly consume or produce ATP. (microbenotes.com)
• The pentose phosphate pathway produces NADPH for fatty acid synthesis. (microbenotes.com)
• Embarking on an exploration into cellular metabolism, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) commands particular attention, not merely for its role in glucose metabolism but also for its crucial involvement in cellular biosynthesis and antioxidant defenses. (microbiologynote.com)
• In scientific terms, the PPP is an essential metabolic pathway that functions concurrently with glycolysis , presenting itself as a quintessential player in maintaining cellular homeostasis through its diligent role in generating NADPH, pentoses, and ribose 5-phosphate. (microbiologynote.com)
• Dietary pentose sugars, a derivative of nucleic acid digestion, can be intertwined with the PPP, thereby revealing another layer of metabolic flexibility and adaptability provided by this pathway. (microbiologynote.com)
• The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis that produces NADPH, pentoses (5-carbon sugars), and ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for nucleotide synthesis. (microbiologynote.com)
• Location of Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Where does pentose phosphate pathway occur? (microbiologynote.com)
• The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) primarily resides within the cytosol of cells, which is the aqueous component of the cytoplasm, a matrix in which various cellular organelles are suspended and numerous metabolic reactions transpire. (microbiologynote.com)
• The Pentose Phosphate Pathway PDF Book aims to explore the pentose phosphate cycle and the practical techniques applied in its investigation. (vet-ebooks.com)
• The text is recommended for biologists and biochemists who would like to understand further the pentose phosphate pathway and the processes related to it. (vet-ebooks.com)
• pentose phosphate pathway and their roles in glucose metabolism. (expert-tutor.net)
• molecule of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway? (expert-tutor.net)
• The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is divided into an oxidative branch that makes pentose phosphates and a non-oxidative branch that consumes pentose phosphates, though the non-oxidative branch is considered reversible. (mdpi.com)
• However, key biochemical reactions of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), ancient metabolic pathways central to the metabolic network, have non-enzymatic pendants that occur in a prebiotically plausible reaction milieu reconstituted to contain Archean sediment metal components. (figshare.com)
• The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is essential for reductive biosynthesis, antioxidant processes and nucleotide production. (elsevierpure.com)
• An effective solution is based on a xylose isomerase in combination with the overexpression of the xylulose kinase (Xks1) and all genes of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
• The resulting d -xylulose-5-phosphate enters the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and, via d -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and d -fructose-6-phosphate, d -xylose catabolism is connected to glycolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
• To further improve d -xylose consumption, numerous studies have overexpressed all involved genes in d -xylose metabolism (including the pentose phosphate pathway) at various levels, using (1) different promoters, and (2) increased genomic copy numbers. (biomedcentral.com)
• G6PD is an enzyme involved in the pentose monophosphate pathway. (medscape.com)
• Other deficiencies include those of glycolytic enzymes or enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway. (msdmanuals.com)
• Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Symptoms and Signs is caused by a partial deficiency of transketolase, which is an enzyme for the pentose phosphate pathway that requires thiamin as a cofactor. (msdmanuals.com)
• The current investigation aimed to demonstrate how interpretation of results from several standard cytotoxicity and proliferation assays vary in dependence on contributions from the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). (cdc.gov)

Sugars5

• A polymer composed of pentose sugars is called a pentosan. (wikipedia.org)
• However, a major drawback of lignocellulosic feedstocks is the inability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the most commonly used yeast in the bioethanol industry, to ferment pentose sugars, such as d -xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
• pentose sugar is the phosphodiester bond because the usually sugars form ester bonds. (byjus.com)
• Fermentation of pentose sugars. (tudelft.nl)
• Produces pentose sugars for nucleic acid synthesis and main producer of NADPH reducing power. (lu.se)

Metabolism1

• Spermatogonial Gene Networks Selectively Couple to Glutathione and Pentose Phosphate Metabolism but Not Cysteine Biosynthesis. (bvsalud.org)

NADPH3

• The pentose monophosphate shunt is the only source for NADPH in red blood cells. (medscape.com)
• The G6PD enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate and the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in the pentose monophosphate shunt. (medscape.com)
• The pentose monophosphate shunt is the only means of NADPH generation in red blood cells and therefore crucial in protecting red cells against oxidative damage. (medscape.com)

Metabolic2

• In the cell, pentoses have a higher metabolic stability than hexoses. (wikipedia.org)
• The different materials in environment were source for pentose-assimilating yeast with variable metabolic profile. (scielo.br)

Xylose5

• 2 2 Webb SR, Lee H. Regulation of d-xylose utilization by hexoses in pentose-fermenting yeasts. (scielo.br)
• Production of glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids, from pentoses and d-glucose/d-xylose mixtures by Pseudozyma yeast strains. (scielo.br)
• Corynebacterium glutamicum wild type lacks the ability to utilize the pentose fractions of lignocellulosic hydrolysates, but it is known that recombinants expressing the araBAD operon and/or the xylA gene from Escherichia coli are able to grow with the pentoses xylose and arabinose as sole carbon sources. (niist.res.in)
• Recombinant pentose-utilizing strains derived from C. glutamicum wild type or from the l-lysine-producing C. glutamicum strain DM1729 utilized arabinose and/or xylose when these were added as pure chemicals to glucose-based minimal medium or when they were present in acid hydrolysates of rice straw or wheat bran. (niist.res.in)
• For 24 hours before the test, you will need to not eat foods high in a type of sugar known as pentose, which is similar to xylose. (medlineplus.gov)

Monophosphate shunt1

• The G6PD enzyme is part of the pentose monophosphate shunt. (medscape.com)

Hexoses1

• In each of these tests, pentoses react much more strongly and quickly than hexoses. (wikipedia.org)

Saccharomyces1

• Since the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unable to ferment the pentose, the search for pentose-fermenting microorganisms could be an alternative. (scielo.br)

Glucose1

• RÉSUMÉ La présente étude a permis de déterminer le profil épidémiologique, clinique et biologique de la carence en glucose-6-phosphate déshydrogénase (G6PD) à Bagdad (centre de l'Iraq) et de le comparer avec des données antérieures recueillies à Mossoul (nord de l'Iraq). (who.int)

Triose1

• The reaction sequence in the Calvin-Benson cycle is from triose phosphates to pentose phosphates, the opposite of the typical direction of the non-oxidative PPP. (mdpi.com)

Deoxyribose1

• The term "pentose" sometimes is assumed to include deoxypentoses, such as deoxyribose: compounds with general formula C 5H 10O 5-y that can be described as derived from pentoses by replacement of one or more hydroxyl groups with hydrogen atoms. (wikipedia.org)

Microorganisms1

• The main focus of the book is the pentose phosphate cycle in animals as well as microorganisms, and does not discuss the one related to photosynthesis. (vet-ebooks.com)

Lignocellulosic1

• One of the bottlenecks is the utilization of pentoses released by hydrolysis of hemicellulose that correspond to around 30% of the lignocellulosic feedstock. (scielo.br)

Biochemistry1

• Pentoses are very important in biochemistry. (wikipedia.org)

Yeasts2

• However the yield has not reached a satisfactory level for industrial applications On the other hand, pentose-assimilating yeasts can be used for obtainment of high aggregate value products. (scielo.br)
• The pentose-assimilating capacity of yeasts Pseudozyma antarctica PYCC 5048 T , P. aphidis PYCC 5535 T and P. rugulosa PYCC 5537 T and production of a glycolipid biosurfactant was demonstrate 3 3 Faria NT, Santos MV, Fernandes P, Fonseca LL, Fonseca C, Ferreira FC. (scielo.br)

SUGAR2

• In chemistry, a pentose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with five carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)
• Which of the following bond in DNA links a 3' pentose sugar to a 5' pentose sugar? (byjus.com)

Carbon2

• The aldopentoses are a subclass of the pentoses which, in the linear form, have the carbonyl at carbon 1, forming an aldehyde derivative with structure H-C(=O)-(CHOH)4-H. The most important example is ribose. (wikipedia.org)
• The closed or cyclic form of a pentose is created when the carbonyl group interacts with a hydroxyl in another carbon, turning the carbonyl into a hydroxyl and creating an ether bridge -O- between the two carbons. (wikipedia.org)

Xylitol1

• as well as the production of xylitol and arabitol by Debaryomyces hansenii from pentose. (scielo.br)

Cycle1

• Pentose phosphate cycle. (unibo.it)

Materials1

• Find the perfect raw materials and ingredients for your food production or product development on LEROMA's B2B platform and buy Pentose Phosphate Epimerase (Isomerase B) from high quality B2B wholesalers, suppliers and producers around the world. (leroma.com)

Important1

• The most important tests for pentoses rely on converting the pentose to furfural, which then reacts with a chromophore. (wikipedia.org)

Process1

• In this context, appropriate use of the pentose released by hemicellulose hydrolysis could improve de economic viability of this process. (scielo.br)

Solutions1

• Like some other monosaccharides, pentoses exist in two forms, open-chain (linear) or closed-chain (cyclic), that easily convert into each other in water solutions. (wikipedia.org)

Glycolysis1

• The Entner-Doudoroff and nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathways bypass glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in Ralstonia solanacearum. (ufz.de)

Pathways4

• We here compare the archaeal pentose pathways, the enzymes and their regulation to the bacterial and eukaryal counterparts, and also describe distinct archaeal metabolic features and their implications. (caister.com)
• The pentose metabolism in Archaea shows a mosaic of both bacterial and eukaryal anabolic and catabolic pathways, but has also unique archaeal conversions and novel enzymes and regulations. (caister.com)
• Identification of the missing links in prokaryotic pentose oxidation pathways: evidence for enzyme recruitment. (brenda-enzymes.org)
• We will also define human variation in NADK and genes that function in glutamine response, NAD biosynthesis, and pentose phosphate pathways, all important for NADPH generation. (nih.gov)

Metabolism3

• Recently, however, significant insight has been gained in the archaeal pentose metabolism. (caister.com)
• Pretreatment of rats with 6-aminonicotinamide, which is metabolized to a potent inhibitor of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decreased rates of NADPH generation via the pentose cycle to 6.9 mumol/g/hr but did not alter rates of p-nitroanisole metabolism (8.8 mumol/g/hr). (nih.gov)
• 6. The pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism. (nih.gov)

Oxidative branch1

• 5. Rhubarb granule promotes diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis by activating the oxidative branch of pentose phosphate pathway via G6PD in rats. (nih.gov)

Oxidation1

• Evaluation of the role of reducing equivalents from the pentose cycle for mixed-function oxidation. (nih.gov)

Enzymes2

• 19. The enzymes of the classical pentose phosphate pathway display differential activities in procyclic and bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. (nih.gov)
• Other deficiencies include those of glycolytic enzymes or enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway. (msdmanuals.com)

Glucose4

• Therefore, a catabolite repression mutant that simultaneously utilizes glucose and pentoses would be useful for fermentation of complex substrate mixtures. (usda.gov)
• ptsG mutants metabolized the pentoses simultaneously with glucose, rather than sequentially. (usda.gov)
• 9. Crocidolite asbestos inhibits pentose phosphate oxidative pathway and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in human lung epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
• 20. Failure to increase glucose consumption through the pentose-phosphate pathway results in the death of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene-deleted mouse embryonic stem cells subjected to oxidative stress. (nih.gov)

Enzyme1

• Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Symptoms and Signs is caused by a partial deficiency of transketolase, which is an enzyme for the pentose phosphate pathway that requires thiamin as a cofactor. (msdmanuals.com)

Ribose2

• Phosphorylated pentoses are important products of the pentose phosphate pathway, most importantly ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), which is used in the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids, and erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P), which is used in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
• The aldopentoses are a subclass of the pentoses which, in the linear form, have the carbonyl at carbon 1, forming an aldehyde derivative with structure H-C(=O)-(CHOH)4-H. The most important example is ribose. (wikipedia.org)

Regulation1

• 18. The regulation of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway: new answers to old problems. (nih.gov)

Assimilation1

• On the digestion and assimilation of pentoses and furfuroids. (nih.gov)

Cycle2

• Rates of pentose cycle flux in perfused rat liver. (nih.gov)
• Fasting for 24 hr prior to perfusion diminished pentose cycle flux by 80% and largely abolished the stimulation of the pentose cycle by p-nitroanisole. (nih.gov)

Sugar6

• In chemistry, a pentose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with five carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)
• Pentose sugar binds with nitrogenous base by bond and with phosphate by bond to form nucleotide. (doubtnut.com)
• Based upon fermentations of sugar mixtures, a catabolite repression mutant of ethanologenic E. coli is expected to provide more efficient fermentation of hemicellulose hydrolysates by allowing direct utilization of pentoses. (usda.gov)
• The condition is so named because L-xylulose is a type of sugar called a pentose. (medlineplus.gov)
• What is the pentose sugar in RNA? (brainscape.com)
• The structure below is a pentose sugar and does not have stereochemistry specified. (quizlet.com)

Liver2

• 1. Elevated activity of the oxidative and non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in (pre)neoplastic lesions in rat liver. (nih.gov)
• 4. Dehydrogenases of the pentose phosphate pathway in rat liver peroxisomes. (nih.gov)

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