Past executions have typically involved injecting prisoners with a three-drug "cocktail" of sodium thiopental, pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride. (newscientist.com)
Lethal injection is used for capital punishment by the Federal Government and 36 States, at least 30 of which (including Kentucky) use the same combination of three drugs: The first, sodium thiopental, induces unconsciousness when given in the specified amounts and thereby ensures that the prisoner does not experience any pain associated with the paralysis and cardiac arrest caused by the second and third drugs, pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride. (justia.com)
The state's current injection protocol calls for three drugs: pentobarbital, pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride. (apnews.com)
Potassium Chloride1
The first drug is an anesthetic (sodium thiopental), followed by a paralytic agent (pancuronium bromide), and, finally, a drug that causes the heart to stop beating (potassium chloride). (hrw.org)
Vecuronium1
Its shorter duration of action, unique organ-independent elimination, and low incidence of adverse effects have made cisatracurium an appealing alternative to older agents such as pancuronium and vecuronium. (medscape.com)
Pavulon1
Pancuronium (trademarked as Pavulon) is an aminosteroid muscle relaxant with various medical uses. (wikipedia.org)
Sodium1
After administering sodium thiopental to induce coma, pancuronium is delivered in order to stop breathing. (wikipedia.org)
Injection5
Pancuronium is also used as one component of a lethal injection in administration of the death penalty in some parts of the United States. (wikipedia.org)
US-labelled Pancuronium Bromide Injection, USP DOES NOT HAVE a distinctive red ferrule (metal seal on vial) with white lettering: "WARNING: PARALYZING AGENT" OR "PARALYZING AGENT" (see Appendix A). (canada.ca)
This is the case for US-labelled Pancuronium Bromide Injection, USP (see Appendix A ). This non-standard labelling and packaging may increase the risk of errors in which NMBs are inadvertently selected and administered to patients. (canada.ca)
Health Canada has added Pancuronium Bromide Injection, USP to this list, which permits the importation and sale of US-labelled Pancuronium Bromide Injection. (canada.ca)
A formulation for preparing Pancuronium Bromide 1-mg/mL Injection. (ijpc.com)
Muscle relaxant1
Pancuronium is a typical non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant. (wikipedia.org)
Steroid2
Pancuronium is designed to mimic the action of two molecules of acetylcholine with the quaternary nitrogen atoms spaced rigidly apart by the steroid rings at a distance of ten atoms (interonium distance). (wikipedia.org)
Pancuronium is a steroid-based non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker causing muscular relaxation for about 40 to 60 minutes. (gpnotebook.com)
Nucleus1
Workers at Organon were inspired by the structure of the aminosteroid alkaloid malouetine to develop a series of aminosteroid neuromuscular blockers based on an androstane nucleus, culminating in the development of pancuronium bromide. (wikipedia.org)
Dose1
In 2007, Michael Munro, a Scottish neonatologist at Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, was cleared of malpractice by the General Medical Council Fitness to Practice panel after giving 23 times the standard dose of pancuronium to two dying neonates. (wikipedia.org)
Effects2
The effects of pancuronium can be at least partially reversed by anticholinesterasics, such as neostigmine, pyridostigmine, and edrophonium. (wikipedia.org)
tobramycin increases effects of pancuronium by pharmacodynamic synergism. (medscape.com)
General2
Pancuronium is used with general anesthesia in surgery for muscle relaxation and as an aid to intubation or ventilation. (wikipedia.org)
Pancuronium bromide is indicated in the United States as an adjunct to general anesthesia to facilitate tracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. (canada.ca)
Drug1
Pediatrics Central , peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51578/all/pancuronium. (unboundmedicine.com)
Protocol1
In Belgium and the Netherlands, pancuronium is recommended in the protocol for euthanasia. (wikipedia.org)
Bromide14
Workers at Organon were inspired by the structure of the aminosteroid alkaloid malouetine to develop a series of aminosteroid neuromuscular blockers based on an androstane nucleus, culminating in the development of pancuronium bromide. (wikipedia.org)
The United Kingdom bans the export of pancuronium bromide to the United States due to its use in lethal injections, but not to the Netherlands or Belgium. (wikipedia.org)
Pancuronium bromide injection is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent chemically designated as the aminosteroid 2 β, 16 β-dipiperidino-5 α-androstane-3 α, 17-β diol diacetate dimethobromide. (nih.gov)
Pancuronium bromide injection is supplied as a sterile, isotonic, nonpyrogenic solution for injection. (nih.gov)
Pancuronium bromide is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent possessing all of the characteristic pharmacological actions of this class of drugs (curariform). (nih.gov)
the duration of neuromuscular blockade produced by pancuronium bromide is longer than that of vecuronium at initially equipotent doses. (nih.gov)
Pancuronium bromide induced joint contractures in the newborn. (bmj.com)
and pancuronium bromide, 15 mg intravenously, followed by endotracheal intubation. (aafp.org)
Instead of ending the controversy, I am now convinced that this case will generate debate not only about the constitutionality of the three-drug protocol, and specifically about the justification for the use of the paralytic agent, pancuronium bromide, but also about the justification for the death penalty itself. (motherjones.com)
As Justice Stevens noted, pancuronium bromide, the second drug administered during lethal injection's three-drug procedure, is likely to remain at the center of the firestorm. (motherjones.com)
A chemical that induces paralysis, pancuronium bromide can mask the signs of a painfully botched execution. (motherjones.com)
Critics of the three-drug method maintain that it is problematic because one of the drugs, pancuronium bromide, can mask severe pain by paralyzing the prisoner. (allgov.com)
States have found it difficult to obtain the cocktail of drugs they long relied on, such as sodium thiopental, pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride. (wspa.com)
Then pancuronium bromide, a muscle relaxant, will be injected which will paralyse his diaphragm and lungs. (jonathangreenonline.com)
Dose of pancuronium3
In 2007, Michael Munro, a Scottish neonatologist at Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, was cleared of malpractice by the General Medical Council Fitness to Practice panel after giving 23 times the standard dose of pancuronium to two dying neonates. (wikipedia.org)
The heart rate rise is inversely related to the rate immediately before administration of pancuronium, is blocked by prior administration of atropine, and appears unrelated to the concentration of halothane or dose of pancuronium. (nih.gov)
Approximately 40% of the total dose of pancuronium has been recovered in urine as unchanged pancuronium and its metabolites while approximately 11% has been recovered in bile. (nih.gov)
Neuromuscular block1
A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium . (lookformedical.com)
Suxamethonium1
The bag contains drugs suxamethonium and pancuronium, which are paralysing agents and would be lethal if injected. (smh.com.au)
Neostigmine1
The effects of pancuronium can be at least partially reversed by anticholinesterasics, such as neostigmine, pyridostigmine, and edrophonium. (wikipedia.org)
Potassium chloride1
Then pancuronium, and finally a massive overdose of potassium chloride are injected. (stackexchange.com)
19811
1981. Combination of pancuronium and metocurine: neuromuscular and hemodynamic advantages over pancuronium alone. . (cornell.edu)
Drugs1
In his report released earlier this month, Ty Alper, associate director of UC Berkeley's Death Penalty Clinic, notes that nearly 98% of all lethal injections which used pancuronium brodmide to kill a human being took place in states where the law says it's inhumane to use the same or similar drugs to kill an animal. (motherjones.com)
Anesthesia2
Pancuronium is used with general anesthesia in surgery for muscle relaxation and as an aid to intubation or ventilation. (wikipedia.org)
Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 50 mcg and pancuronium 1 mg, after premedication with intravenous midazolam 1 mg. (hindawi.com)
Lethal1
Pancuronium is also used as one component of a lethal injection in administration of the death penalty in some parts of the United States. (wikipedia.org)
Muscle4
Pancuronium is a typical non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant. (wikipedia.org)
Like all non-depolarising muscle relaxants, pancuronium has no effect on level of consciousness. (wikipedia.org)
These have been largely due to improper or insufficient dosages of anaesthetic in concert with normal dosages of muscle relaxants such as pancuronium. (wikipedia.org)
Pancuronium: Theophylline decreases the effect of muscle relaxant. (pediatriconcall.com)
Times1
Less than 5% of the injected dose is recovered as 17-hydroxy metabolite and 3,17-dihydroxy metabolite, which have been judged to be approximately 50 times less potent than pancuronium. (nih.gov)
Action1
Pancuronium is designed to mimic the action of two molecules of acetylcholine with the quaternary nitrogen atoms spaced rigidly apart by the steroid rings at a distance of ten atoms (interonium distance). (wikipedia.org)
Patients1
Pancuronium is not preferable in long-term use in ICU-ventilated patients. (wikipedia.org)
Drug2
The Washington Manual , www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51578/all/pancuronium. (unboundmedicine.com)