Nutritive sweeteners. Medical search. Frequent questions

Using artificial sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose, saccharine, acesulfame-potassium) daily for long periods is linked with a higher risk of stroke, heart disease, and death, warn experts . (csnn.ca)
Additionally, Smart Snacks standards ignore compelling scientific evidence on the harms posed by certain low-calorie sweeteners-like aspartame , acesulfame potassium , saccharin , and sucralose , which all show cancer-causing results in laboratory tests-and synthetic food dyes, which can cause adverse neurobehavioral symptoms in some children. (cspinet.org)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of the following non-nutritive sweeteners: acesulfame potassium, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, sucralose, and stevia. (dietitiansondemand.com)
Sucralose has been extensively studied with more than 110 safety studies reviewed by FDA in approving the use of sucralose as a general purpose sweetener for food. (dotfit.com)
Sucralose, being one of the 7 FDA approved sweeteners and most popular, can be a useful tool when used in place of sugar in helping reduce overall sugar and calorie intake, as well as manage blood glucose levels. (dotfit.com)
Researchers conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, saccharin, stevia , and sucralose on the human metabolism and the gut microbiome. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs), such as aspartame, saccharin, stevia, and sucralose, contain minimal or no carbohydrates and therefore were presumed by scientists not to trigger a glycemic response. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Non-nutritive sweeteners such as stevia and sucralose are not a panacea, but new recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO) questioning their value do a "disservice to public health" by failing to recognize their role in sugar/energy reduction. (foodnavigator-usa.com)
Ingredient Specialties, Inc. introduces Züeit® brand Sucralose, a non-caloric, non-cariogenic, high intensity sweetener made from sugar. (garudaint.com)
Züeit® Sucralose excels compared to other sweeteners because it exhibits many preferred, beneficial characteristics, including stability, extended shelf life, a wide range of potential applications, sweetening taste profile, health related benefits and positive safety record. (garudaint.com)
Over the past 25 years more than 100 studies relating to sucralose have been conducted that have clearly established the safety of this preferred sweetener. (garudaint.com)
Züeit® Sucralose can be utilized in the food industry as a general purpose high-intensity sweetener. (garudaint.com)
Unlike other non-sugar sweeteners, the unique attributes of Züeit® Sucralose enable it to function in most formulations where sugar is traditionally used, making it suitable for a diverse range of products from carbonated beverages to baked goods to snack foods, to pharmaceutical preparations. (garudaint.com)
Specific Application Possibilities Züeit® Sucralose can be used as a general purpose sweetener in most application areas. (garudaint.com)

Aspartame (APM) is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners in the world. (nih.gov)
In our opinion, the small number of animals used per sex and per group and the termination of these experiments after 110 weeks of age, rather than observing animals over their life span, represent limiting factors when evaluating the carcinogenic risk or safety of artificial sweeteners such as aspartame. (nih.gov)
Most of the high-intensity sweeteners being used today fall into the non-nutritive category, with the exception of aspartame, as discussed later on. (brenntag.com)
Besides being added to certain products, aspartame now also distributed as a 'general purpose sweetener. (brenntag.com)
While aspartame is a nutritive sweetener that adds calories, it is so sweet that a little goes a long way, so it does not add as many calories as sugar does. (brenntag.com)

The "original" artificial sweetener, saccharin, was discovered as early as 1876, but has spent more than 140 years riding a roller coaster of research and public opinion. (brenntag.com)
The original 'no calorie' sweetener, saccharin is anywhere from 200 to 700 times sweeter than natural sugar. (brenntag.com)

Nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners. (dietitiansondemand.com)
Artificial sweeteners are also called sugar substitutes, low-calorie sweeteners or nonnutritive sweeteners. (mayoclinic.org)
Nonnutritive sweeteners in weight management and chronic disease: A review. (mayoclinic.org)
Nonnutritive sweeteners and cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. (mayoclinic.org)
In addition to all the diet soda and zero calorie products, nonnutritive sweeteners are also used in a wide variety of reduced sugar or no-sugar-added school lunchbox favorites like jelly and jams, yogurt, pudding, and fruit cups. (healthychildren.org)
Products often contain different combinations of nonnutritive sweeteners, which reduces the risk of consuming more than the limit for each individually. (healthychildren.org)
Manufacturers list nonnutritive sweeteners among ingredients, but they aren't required to say how much each product contains. (healthychildren.org)
There are 8 nonnutritive sweeteners currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (healthychildren.org)
Recent research suggests possible links between nonnutritive sweeteners and changes in appetite and taste preferences in children. (healthychildren.org)
Can nonnutritive sweeteners help with weight-loss? (healthychildren.org)
Most studies show swapping nonnutritive sweeteners for sugar-sweetened foods and beverages can help reduce weight gain or lead to small amounts of weight loss in children. (healthychildren.org)

You can lower your sugar intake and still enjoy something sweet thanks to some natural sweeteners, including stevia and monk fruit. (csnn.ca)
Everything you need to know about stevia sweeteners. (dietitiansondemand.com)
Stevia is an FDA-approved sweetener derived from the Stevia rebaudiana plant in South America. (doctorshealthpress.com)
There is also concern surrounding the effects of stevia-along with other zero-calorie sweeteners-on gut bacteria. (doctorshealthpress.com)
This form of stevia has been used throughout Japan and South America for centuries as a natural sweetener and health remedy. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Supplements and extracts may claim to feature safe, refined forms of stevia but instead feature other sweeteners that could lead to health risks. (doctorshealthpress.com)
Some side effects that can occur from consuming unprocessed and unapproved stevia products, or those mixed with other sweeteners, are more dangerous than others and may pose serious risks to your health. (doctorshealthpress.com)
When shown a specific product package that states "0 grams of sugar" and "Naturally Sweetened, Nothing Artificial" on the front, 54% of consumers stated they would not expect to find sugar substitutes (note: this sample product indeed contains the sweetener stevia leaf extract). (vendingmarketwatch.com)

Artificial sweeteners are many times sweeter than sugar. (mayoclinic.org)
These 'high intensity' sweeteners, which are between 180 and 20,000 times sweeter than table sugar (sucrose). (healthychildren.org)

Patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity are often advised to replace sugar with artificial sweeteners for better glucose control and weight loss, but growing epidemiologic evidence links artificial sweetener consumption with weight gain, insulin resistance , type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, the researchers write. (medscape.com)
Harris, JL & Pomeranz, JL 2021, ' Misperceptions about added sugar, non-nutritive sweeteners and juice in popular children's drinks: Experimental and cross-sectional study with U.S. parents of young children (1-5 years) ', Pediatric Obesity , vol. 16, no. 10, e12791. (nyu.edu)
CC Grand Rounds: (1) The Calculus of Calories: What Mathematics Can Teach Us About Obesity (2) Artificial Sweeteners and Obesity: More than an Association? (nih.gov)
Artificial sweeteners and obesity : more than an association? (nih.gov)

A multi-part study reports that erythritol - a sugar alcohol (polyol) increasingly used as an artificial sweetener that is also made in the body - is associated with risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and promotes clotting (thrombosis). (medscape.com)
Erythritol is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners with rapidly increasing prevalence in processed and "keto-related" foods. (medscape.com)
It is important that further safety studies are conducted to examine the long-term effects of artificial sweeteners in general, and erythritol specifically, on risks for heart attack and stroke, particularly in people at higher risk for cardiovascular disease," Hazen, co-section head of Preventive Cardiology at Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, said in a press release from his institution. (medscape.com)
Sweeteners like erythritol have rapidly increased in popularity in recent years but there needs to be more in-depth research into their long-term effects. (medscape.com)
the artificial sweetener erythritol that is produced from corn is only 70% as sweet as sugar. (medscape.com)
Erythritol, a non-nutritive sweetener found in products like Truvia, has proven effective in killing fly larvae and slowing down their egg production, making it a good candidate for human and pet-safe pesticide use. (drexel.edu)

Sugar substitutes are substances that are used in place of sweeteners with sugar (sucrose) or sugar alcohols . (nih.gov)
All sweeteners, including both nutritive and artificial products, use sucrose as the standard when measuring overall sweetness. (preparedfoods.com)
However, is sucrose the ideal sweetener? (preparedfoods.com)
Our research includes working with nutritive sweeteners such as sucrose, plus the five low-calorie, non-nutritive sweeteners currently approved for use in the U.S.," Mei adds. (preparedfoods.com)
A study in the International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (IJBCP) notes that non-nutritive sweeteners (also known as artificial sweeteners) are often considerably sweeter than sucrose. (colgate.com)

While artificial sweeteners and sugar alternatives are not a new phenomenon, the discovery of the relationship between added sugars and serious health conditions has resulted in a renewed determination to develop and vet safe and healthy alternative sweeteners. (brenntag.com)
In light of these adverse health effects, you might be considering using alternative sweeteners in your morning coffee or other beverages. (colgate.com)
While once limited to use as tabletop sweeteners and ingredients in diet foods, alternative sweeteners can now be found in a variety of consumer products including breads, cereals, granola bars, yogurt, ice cream, flavored milk, and children's beverages. (vendingmarketwatch.com)
This data reinforces our decision to file a Citizen Petition with the FDA asking the agency to extend labeling transparency to the growing range of alternative sweeteners in the food supply. (vendingmarketwatch.com)

However, the authors assess the available evidence as of very low quality and therefore conclude that there is inconclusive evidence regarding the effects of sweeteners' consumption on clinically relevant benefit or harm for diabetes. (sweeteners.org)

For CSPI's report, we analyzed 623 single-serve, individually packaged, Smart Snacks-compliant K-12 products from 22 of the largest food and beverage manufacturers to determine whether they would meet science-based standards for added sugars, low-calorie sweeteners of concern, and synthetic dyes. (cspinet.org)
The good news is that about half of the competitive foods we found marketed to schools are already compliant with strong, science-based standards for added sugars, low-calorie sweeteners, and synthetic dyes," said CSPI child nutrition campaign manager Meghan Maroney. (cspinet.org)
Overall, 334 of the 623 (54 percent) products assessed in this report are already compliant with strong science-based standards for added sugars, low-calorie sweeteners, and synthetic dyes. (cspinet.org)
Non-nutritive sweetener" excludes sugars. (ny.us)

Consuming non-nutritive sweeteners prompts changes in the gut microbiome - in a negative way. (csnn.ca)
Other research is looking into whether these sweeteners cause changes in the gut microbiome―which is made up of 'friendly' bacteria--and may affect blood sugar levels and lead to metabolic syndrome , insulin resistance, and diabetes. (healthychildren.org)
This is a systematic review on the effect of non-nutritive sweeteners on appetite, weight, glycemic regulation, and gut microbiome. (ilsi.org)
They found that these non-nutritive sweeteners can induce individual and specific changes in glycemic response via modifying the gut microbiome. (medicalnewstoday.com)

One trial compared NNS with a nutritive low-calorie sweetener (tagatose). (sweeteners.org)
There is inconclusive evidence of very low certainty regarding the effects of NNS consumption compared with either sugar, placebo, or nutritive low-calorie sweetener consumption on clinically relevant benefit or harm for HbA1c, body weight, and adverse events in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. (sweeteners.org)
The present systematic review by Lohner et al, supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), found no adverse effect on glycaemic control or on any other health outcome from the consumption of low/no calorie sweeteners in people with diabetes. (sweeteners.org)
However, this work did not assess the evidence indicating the significant benefit of low/no calorie sweeteners compared with caloric sweeteners such as sugar on post-prandial (i.e. after-eating) blood glucose levels. (sweeteners.org)
Non-nutritive sweeteners include artificial sweeteners, low-calorie sweeteners, and natural sugar substitutes, making the term a bit confusing. (csnn.ca)
In a 2018 statement, The American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association caution against the intake of non-nutritive sweeteners and low-calorie sweeteners as there is a potential increased risk in adults of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular events with diet beverage intake. (csnn.ca)
Sugar alcohols are sometimes used as a low-calorie sweetener, but can contain some carbohydrates. (csnn.ca)
Upon ingestion it is poorly metabolized, and most is excreted in the urine, so it is characterized as a "zero calorie", "non-nutritive," or "natural sweetener. (medscape.com)
Low-calorie sweeteners in personal care products may be important contributors to overall exposure. (greenmedinfo.com)
Sylvetsky, A. C. & Rother, K. I. Trends in the consumption of low-calorie sweeteners. (nature.com)
In fact, according to a report from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the number of foods and beverages made with nonnutritive (no- or low-calorie) sweeteners has quadrupled in recent years. (healthychildren.org)
How many different no- and low-calorie sweeteners are there? (healthychildren.org)
Parents often believe 'zero-calorie' sweeteners are the key to weight loss. (healthychildren.org)
Artificial sweeteners often referred as non-nutritive, low calorie or intense sweeteners, provide little or no energy when consumed. (prweb.com)
Do no-calorie artificial sweeteners have any effect on gut health or metabolism? (medicalnewstoday.com)
Participants in the nationally-representative survey preferred additional labeling disclosures by food companies as a remedy for the lack of transparency on labels for low- and no- calorie sweeteners. (vendingmarketwatch.com)
Food labeling is intended to help consumers make informed decisions, yet current labeling regulations fail to provide consumers accurate and clear information about the use of low- and no- calorie sweeteners. (vendingmarketwatch.com)

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are marketed as sugar alternatives providing sweet taste with few or no calories. (nih.gov)
Non-nutritive sweeteners, whether they're natural or artificial, provide little or no calories. (vitamix.com)
Nutritive sweetener -- has calories, but is very sweet, so little is needed. (nih.gov)
This is why foods made with artificial sweeteners may have fewer calories than those made with sugar. (mayoclinic.org)
Sweeteners are grouped into two categories: nutritive (deliver calories) and non-nutritive (no calories) like sugar alcohols and artificial sweeteners. (imcdgroup.com)
A nutritive sweetener is one that adds calories to whatever food or beverage it is added to. (brenntag.com)
A non-nutritive sweetener adds few, if any, calories. (brenntag.com)
It's a popular sweetener because, unlike many of the traditional sweeteners on the market, it doesn't raise blood sugar levels and it doesn't contain any calories. (doctorshealthpress.com)
One of the benefits of artificial sweeteners is that they can add sweetness without the calories of sugar. (colgate.com)

Plus, eating non-nutritive sweeteners promotes glucose intolerance in healthy individuals which may result in the development of type 2 diabetes. (csnn.ca)
Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota. (greenmedinfo.com)
Non-nutritive sweetened beverages (NSBs) are not as widely recommended as a replacement strategy due to a lack of established benefits and concerns they may induce glucose intolerance through changes in the gut microbio. (researchgate.net)
The study established that non-caloric artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance in mice by altering their gut microbiota. (medicalnewstoday.com)
All the sweeteners were given as commercially available sachets, containing a mixture of glucose and in doses lower than the FDA-recommended acceptable daily intake. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Additional information about high-intensity sweeteners permitted for use in food in the United States. (mayoclinic.org)
https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permitted-use-food-united-states. (mayoclinic.org)
Artificial sweeteners have high intensity sweetness with long duration. (imcdgroup.com)
High-intensity sweeteners fall into two categories - nutritive sweeteners and non-nutritive sweeteners. (brenntag.com)

Analysts forecast the Global Sweetener Market to grow at a CAGR of 4.72 percent over the period 2013-2018. (prweb.com)
Global Sweetener Market 2014-2018, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. (prweb.com)

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are popular sugar replacements used in foods, beverages, and medications. (mdpi.com)
NNS exposure mostly originates from diet beverages and sweetener packages in adults or breastmilk in infants. (nih.gov)
It has been safely used in food and beverages since 1900 and is one of eight sweeteners approved by the FDA. (brenntag.com)
For children's food and beverages, indicate the type and quantity of non-nutritive sweeteners, in milligrams per serving, on the front of food packages. (vendingmarketwatch.com)
Consumers deserve to know what is in their food, and these changes, when enacted, will provide shoppers with complete transparency for all sweeteners used in foods and beverages," concluded Dr. Gaine. (vendingmarketwatch.com)

Because it is only about 200 times as sweet as regular sugar, acesulfame potassium is typically combined with other sweeteners rather than just being used on its own. (brenntag.com)

First approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for limited use in solid food in 1981, its authorization was extended to soft drinks in 1983 and then approved as a general sweetener in 1996 ( FDA 1981 , 1983 , 1996 ). (nih.gov)

Many people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes use NNS as a replacement for nutritive sweeteners to control their carbohydrate and energy intake. (sweeteners.org)
To assess the effects of non-nutritive sweeteners in people with diabetes mellitus. (sweeteners.org)
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a duration of four weeks or more comparing any type of NNS with usual diet, no intervention, placebo, water, a different NNS, or a nutritive sweetener in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. (sweeteners.org)
If you have more questions about non-nutritive sweeteners and diabetes management, it's always a great idea to speak with a registered dietitian. (dietitiansondemand.com)
Can I use artificial sweeteners if I have diabetes? (mayoclinic.org)
In a newly released scientific statement, the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association offer a cautious endorsement of the use of non-nutritive sweeteners in the diet. (jwatch.org)

It also increases perceived sweetness, so up to 15% sweetener reductions can be achieved. (preparedfoods.com)
Nutritive sweeteners and sugar alcohols have low relative sweetness and may be employed as filler (bulk sweeteners). (imcdgroup.com)
Researchers at Takasago International Corporation have utilized basic and applied sweetener research to develop core competencies within the company and to better understand the complexities of flavor and sweetness interactions. (preparedfoods.com)

Non-caloric artificial sweeteners modulate conjugative transfer of multi-drug resistance plasmid in the gut microbiota. (greenmedinfo.com)
Natural sweeteners are also called as nutritive, sugar, added sugar or caloric sweetener that contains carbohydrates which is a source of energy. (prweb.com)

These non-nutritive sweeteners are sweet-tasting alternatives to sugar that do contain little to no carbohydrates, thus they don't raise your blood sugar levels. (csnn.ca)

The low usage rate provides cost savings, along with sweetener and sodium reductions. (preparedfoods.com)

Background: Experts recommend against serving sugary drinks and non-nutritive sweeteners to young children, but misperceptions about drink ingredients may contribute to consumption. (nyu.edu)

Conclusions: Misperceptions about product ingredients under current labelling practices indicate that updated regulations are necessary, including clear disclosures of sweetener and juice content on package fronts. (nyu.edu)
But remember that other ingredients in foods that have artificial sweeteners can still affect your blood sugar level. (mayoclinic.org)

that artificial sweeteners have a measurable impact on metabolism and health. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Products sweetened with non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely available. (sweeteners.org)
Artificial sweeteners are widely used sugar substitutes, but little is known about their long-term effects on cardiometabolic disease risks. (nature.com)

Background: There has been an emerging concern that non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) can increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease. (researchgate.net)
Many of these characteristics are used to mask bitterness, which can be a concern with non-nutritive sweeteners. (preparedfoods.com)

Unlike regular sugar, artificial sweeteners are considered non-cariogenic, meaning that they don't contribute to tooth decay, as the IJBCP study points out. (colgate.com)

Just like the studies examining the effects of sweeteners on cancer risk, researchers have observed changes in appetite hormones in mice when they are fed artificial sweeteners …but these effects haven't been duplicated in humans. (dietitiansondemand.com)
Artificial sweeteners are "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration, so there is no requirement for long-term safety studies, and little is known about the long-term health effects. (medscape.com)
Since we don't have information on the effects artificial sweeteners may have on infants, these findings are only a first step, but they represent an important development in our understanding of the topic," said Rother. (nih.gov)
What are the negative health effects of sweeteners on children? (healthychildren.org)
Sweeteners used in WheySmooth (and other dotFIT powders) appear at the end of the ingredient list as they are in virtually negligible amounts per serving and thus no effects within the body other than taste. (dotfit.com)

How non-nutritive sweeteners influence hormones and health. (mayoclinic.org)

Objectives: We set out to determine how many pregnant Native American women consume non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), to study the relationship between NNS reported in dietary recalls and NNS present in maternal blood and breast milk, and to investigate whether NNS cross the placenta causing intrauterine exposure. (nih.gov)
A team of researchers led by NIDDK Clinical Investigator Kristina Rother, M.D. has found that certain non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are present in human breast milk. (nih.gov)
Non-nutritive sweeteners in breast milk. (nih.gov)

The ultimate goal of this work is to create better products for use in the beverage industry and beyond," noted Jennifer B. Mei, Ph.D., sensate flavor chemist at the company, in her presentation "Masking Artificial Sweeteners in Beverage Applications," given at the 2007 Prepared Foods' R&D Applications Seminar. (preparedfoods.com)

Do artificial sweeteners increase appetite or cause weight gain? (dietitiansondemand.com)
Despite some one-off studies, most research completed with human subjects does not indicate that artificial sweeteners increase appetite or cause weight gain. (dietitiansondemand.com)

As for monk fruit's use as a non-nutritive sweetener in food products, scientists suggested more research is needed. (csnn.ca)
Sweetener is a food additive that imparts a sweet taste to food stuff, which usually contains less food energy. (prweb.com)
Non-nutritive sweeteners are rapidly proliferating across the food supply and across all demographics including children and pregnant women, yet their full and long-term impact on human health has not been extensively studied," he said. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Over time, a number of other sweeteners have been developed and implemented within the food industry. (brenntag.com)
Because of the up-and-down history surrounding sweeteners used in the food industry, it can be quite confusing to understand what they are and how they are used. (brenntag.com)
The Sugar Association's research indicates grocery shoppers want clarification regarding sweeteners on food labels. (vendingmarketwatch.com)
66% of consumers think it's important that food companies be required to clearly identify sugar substitutes as 'sweeteners' in ingredient lists. (vendingmarketwatch.com)
It debuted in the U.S.A. as a "general purpose" sweetener in 1999 after approval by the Food & Drug Administration (FDA). (garudaint.com)

These masking sweeteners have, however, been found to be quite effective in a number of different applications including vitamin water, diet iced teas and diet juice drinks. (preparedfoods.com)
Are artificial sweeteners bad for you and your teeth, or are they a healthy option for your diet and your health? (colgate.com)

There is a bit of sweet news for you - some natural sweeteners are healthy for you. (csnn.ca)
A healthy solution is to find alternatives to packaged convenience foods that contain sweeteners for quick, natural fuel for kids. (csnn.ca)
natural and artificial sweetener. (prweb.com)
There is a significant amount of variation in the quality of natural sweeteners, and hence, the parties involved in the supply chain should verify whether the product is of optimum quality. (prweb.com)

In a randomized experiment, participants indicated whether eight popular children's drink products contained added sugar or non-nutritive sweeteners and percentage of juice after viewing (a) front-of-package alone or (b) front-of-package plus nutrition/ingredient information. (nyu.edu)
For example, a vitamin water formulated with berry flavor plus an Intensate flavor at 0.10% yields a beverage that not only masks the sweetener, but also the vitamins and minerals included in these products. (preparedfoods.com)
This can be avoided by purchasing products certified to contain at least 95% steviol glycoside and no other artificial sweeteners. (doctorshealthpress.com)

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs7

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Health Care1

Sucralose14

Aspartame5

Saccharin2

Nonnutritive sweeteners11

Stevia8

Times sweeter2

Obesity4

Erythritol6

Sucrose5

Alternative sweeteners4

Regarding the effects of sweeteners1

Sugars4

Microbiome4

Calorie17

Calories9

Glucose5

High-intensity4

20182

Beverages5

Acesulfame1

General sweetener1

Diabetes6

Sweetness3

Caloric2

Carbohydrates1

Sodium1

Consumption1

Ingredients2

Metabolism1

Widely2

Concern2

Unlike1

Effects5

Hormones1

Breast milk3

Beverage Applications1

Appetite2

Food8

Diet2

Natural4

Products3