• Sulfur and nitrogen mustards are blister agents with excessive lethality and speedy disruption of armed forces. (noveoninc.com)
  • Nitrogen mustard vapors are heavier than air. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhalation of mustard vapors causes respiratory tract irritation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Chemical attacks involve poisonous vapors, aerosols, liquids or compounds. (self-defender.net)
  • When inhaled, nitrogen mustard damages the respiratory tract epithelium and may cause death. (cdc.gov)
  • Mustard agents are alkylating compounds that cause damage to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
  • Sulfur mustard is used as a chemical weapon, while nitrogen mustard is used as a chemotherapeutic agent. (medscape.com)
  • Despite ongoing destruction of US stockpiles, the chemical threat from sulfur mustard remains, due to the low cost and availability of these agents. (medscape.com)
  • Sulfur mustard was first produced in 1822 but was not deployed on the battlefield until the First World War (WWI). (medscape.com)
  • During the Battle of Ypres, Belgium in July 1917, Germany was the first nation to deploy sulfur mustard-containing artillery shells on the battlefield against British and Canadian troops. (medscape.com)
  • The Allied Powers in WWI referred to this agent as HS (Hun Stoffe), later shortened to H. Pure distilled sulfur mustard was given the name HD (Distilled Hun). (medscape.com)
  • This paper reviews experimental and computational studies on CWA removal by MOFs, with a special emphasis on nerve agent (GB, GD, and VX) removal via hydrolysis and sulfur mustard (HD) removal via selective photooxidation. (preprints.org)
  • Sulfur mustard has been variously described as smelling like mustard, garlic , horseradish, or asphalt. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard alkylate many cellular components, including DNA, and also release inflammatory cytokines. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Blister fluid does not contain active sulfur mustard. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lewisite causes skin damage similar to that caused by sulfur mustard, although the mechanism of damage is different and involves effects on glutathione and sulfhydryl groups in enzymes as well as inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A ferrate Fe(VI) based potential chemical warfare agent decontaminant was studied for degradation of persistent nitrogen mustard (tris(2-chloroethyl)amine, HN3). (preprints.org)
  • However, the optimization of operational parameters is vital to avoid degradation of macromolecules and the oxidation of labile compounds. (mdpi.com)
  • Nitrogen mustards are vesicants and alkylating agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Mustard agents are vesicants (blistering agents) used in warfare to produce casualties, deny access to areas on the battlefield, and slow down enemy movement by forcing troops to wear full protective equipment. (medscape.com)
  • Mustard is heavier than air and will accumulate in low-lying areas. (medscape.com)
  • Fixes Nitrogen, it will not tolerate drought conditions and prefers heavier/clay soil. (chiantigardens.com)
  • Unlike the mustards, Lewisite does not cause immunosuppression. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. (nih.gov)
  • These extremely toxic substances are hydrolyzed to the attribute marker compounds when launched into the surroundings. (noveoninc.com)
  • Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are one of the most toxic compounds. (preprints.org)
  • Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion. (atamanchemicals.com)
  • Phytoremediation is a novel, efficient, environmentally friendly, low-cost technology, which uses plants and trees to clean up soil and water contaminated with heavy metals and/or organic contaminants such as solvents, crude oil, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic compounds from contaminated environments. (dreamessays.com)
  • It is a nitrogen mustard β-chloro-nitrosourea compound used as an alkylating agent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitrogen mustards are colorless to yellow, oily liquids with variable odors. (cdc.gov)
  • Mustard agents are oily liquids ranging from colorless in a pure state to yellowish/brown when impurities are present. (medscape.com)
  • Hydrogen fluoride can be released when other fluoride-containing compounds such as ammonium fluoride are combined with water. (cdc.gov)
  • The smell associated with these agents has been described as that of mustard, garlic, or horseradish. (medscape.com)
  • 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol (DMAE or DMEA) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH. (atamanchemicals.com)
  • 3) Radioactive iodine and its organic compound - methyliodide¹³¹ acc. (bodyarmoroutlet.com)
  • The invention provides an organic compound fertilizer which, on dry basis, comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10 to 40 percent of ammonia sludge, 0.1 to 15 percent of active component, and 50 to 80 percent of auxiliary ingredients. (google.com)
  • The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the organic compound fertilizer. (google.com)
  • Goodman LS, Wintrobe MM, Dameshek W, Goodman MJ, Gilman A, McLennan MT. Nitrogen mustard therapy: Use of methyl-bis (beta-chloroethyl) amine hydrochloride and tris (beta-chloroethyl) amine hydrochloride for Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, leukemia and certain allied and miscellaneous disorders. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Nitrogen inversion - in ammonia Inversion of an amine. (en-academic.com)
  • 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol is a precursor to other chemicals, such as the nitrogen mustard 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. (atamanchemicals.com)
  • A group of nitrogen mustard compounds which are substituted with a phosphoramide group or its derivatives. (nih.gov)
  • Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of macromolecular antitumour derivatives based on phenylenediamine mustard. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Differential impact of some metal(loid)s on oxidative stress, antioxidant system, sulfur compounds, and protein profile of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. (edu.sa)
  • Our results suggest that Indian mustard has a differential mode of defense against a particular stressor at the level of protein expression profile. (edu.sa)
  • Nitrogen mustards are absorbed by the skin causing erythema and blisters. (cdc.gov)
  • Mustard compounds cause intense and increasing skin pain, erythema, and blister formation after a latent period. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Absorption may occur after skin or eye exposure to liquid or vapor nitrogen mustard and may cause systemic toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Taking HALO will improve nitrogen retention as well as increase protein synthesis. (bodicafe.com)
  • Rowbot - Rowbot, a 2×7-foot diesel-powered, articulated robot, can combine cover crops in standing Corn and apply nitrogen fertilizer. (agrifarming.in)
  • Other names included yellow cross (how it was identified on artillery shells), Yperite (after the location of first use), S-LOST (from Lommel and Steinkopf, German chemists who developed mass production of mustard), or Kampfstaff LOST (Kampfstaff = warfare agent). (medscape.com)
  • Nitrogen mustards are compounds that were initially developed as chemical warfare agents or pharmaceuticals. (cdc.gov)
  • Several properties of mustard agents make them ideal for battlefield use. (medscape.com)
  • Mustard agents rapidly penetrate skin and clothing. (medscape.com)
  • Mustard agents throughout the world are in the process of being destroyed, following the ratification of the Chemical Weapons Convention. (medscape.com)
  • The original stockpile in Colorado consisted of 2,613 US tons of the mustard agents HD and HT configured in projectiles and mortar rounds. (medscape.com)
  • The original stockpile in Kentucky comprised 523 US tons of nerve and mustard agents in rockets and projectiles, with approximately 90 tons of that quantity consisting of mustard agent H in projectiles. (medscape.com)
  • Use of mustard agents continued after WWI. (medscape.com)
  • It was later decided to include nitions of carcinogens were based on pollution, occupational exposure to a review of lifestyle factors that are the January 2013 list of agents classified carcinogenic compounds, and lifestyle known to influence cancer risk. (who.int)
  • Shredded leaves adds nitrogen to the soil, helps feed worms and other beneficial decomposers, and adds organic bulk to sandy, nutrient-poor soils. (gardeners.com)
  • Studying suitable soil properties for coffee production, Chiem and Nhan (1974) showed that coffee yields are strongly affected by the content of organic matter - total nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and available phosphorus (P). (ipipotash.org)
  • Often used in the vegetable & flower gardens, their foliage smothers weeds and their roots prevent soil erosion and high in natural nitrogen. (chiantigardens.com)
  • Green Manure Seeds Pure Natural Caliente Mustard, acts as a bio-fumigant for the soil. (chiantigardens.com)
  • Bio-fumigants suppress various soil-borne pests and diseases by releasing naturally occurring compounds. (chiantigardens.com)
  • Clovers fix nitrogen in the soil. (chiantigardens.com)
  • Rye grass and white mustard improve soil structure. (chiantigardens.com)
  • Hydrogen fluoride is a chemical compound that contains fluorine. (cdc.gov)
  • blisters caused by nitrogen mustard are less likely to show this pattern. (msdmanuals.com)
  • People who have been exposed to large amounts of nitrogen mustard will need to be treated in a hospital. (cdc.gov)
  • You can even find high amounts in mustard. (bodicafe.com)
  • Nitrogen mustards cause injury to the skin, eyes, nose and throat. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to nitrogen mustard vapor can cause injury to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes at low concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • Injury from mustard exposure follows a latency period with effects occurring in a delayed fashion. (medscape.com)
  • What immediate health effects can be caused by exposure to nitrogen mustards? (cdc.gov)
  • The eyes are the most sensitive to mustard exposure and exhibit effects earliest. (medscape.com)
  • Mustard exposure to the skin leads to blister and bullae formation. (medscape.com)
  • The objective of the present investigation was to elucidate individual and combined effects of As, Cr, and Cu (100 μM each) stress in metal hyper-accumulator plant Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), exposed for a week. (edu.sa)
  • The daughter compounds can be either volatized or stored in the plant. (dreamessays.com)
  • The pair of dots represents the lone electron pair on the nitrogen atom. (en-academic.com)
  • Sow these Green Manure Seeds - Field Beans & Mustard in seed trays to give them all they need. (chiantigardens.com)
  • In the past two decades high throughput screening (HTS) has provided a large amount of experimental data on compound biological activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although polypharmacology might be associated with compound promiscuity, it should be considered a different category since the so-called promiscuous drugs are instead a class of compound that show a wide spectrum of biological activities and adverse reactions [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, the level of sulfur-rich compounds like cysteine, phytochelatins, and non-protein thiols increased under each stress indicating efficient coupling of the enzyme system and sulfur-containing compounds during stress conditions. (edu.sa)
  • In this work, we examined a range of in silico predictive classification models for prediction of mutagenic properties of compounds, including methods such as J48 and SMO which have not previously been widely applied in cheminformatics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For this chromophore, a xanthene-based NIR fluorophore acts as the optoacoustic and fluorescent reporter, an azo linker serves as the hypoxia-responsive moiety and a nitrogen mustard as the therapeutic drug. (thno.org)
  • People whose skin or clothing is contaminated with nitrogen mustard can contaminate rescuers by direct contact or through off-gassing vapor. (cdc.gov)
  • Both experimental and in silico screening can be used to test compounds for desirable or undesirable properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Provides comprehensive data for each element of the periodic table of elements including up to 40 properties, names in 10 languages and common chemical compounds. (environmentalchemistry.com)
  • Try mulching with pine needles, oak leaves, or other high-nitrogen tree. (gardeners.com)
  • As it decomposes valuable minerals are released, including phosphorus, calcium and magnesium as well as high levels of nitrogen. (chiantigardens.com)
  • There is no antidote for nitrogen mustard, but its effects can be treated and most exposed people recover. (cdc.gov)
  • The aziridinium ion was as potent as xylamine as an irreversible uptake inhibitor, and the effects of both compounds were sodium-dependent. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The Bischler-Napieralski reaction of N-(5-benzyloxy-3, 4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3-(3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methoxyphenyl) propionamide (XX) also gave a mixture of 3, 4-dihydroisoquinolines which was derived to the 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and separated into 8-hydroxy (XXIV) and 6-hydroxy (XXV) compounds. (go.jp)
  • A dimeric compound was indirectly shown to form at 1 mM xylamine through a reaction between the parent mustard and its aziridinium ion. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This database of chemical compounds is by no means an exhaustive listing of chemicals compounds as there are literally tens of millions if not hundreds of millions of chemical compounds known to man and used in industry. (environmentalchemistry.com)
  • Some chemicals listed in this database or not pure chemical compounds, rather they are mixtures/solutions of chemicals. (environmentalchemistry.com)
  • The conjugates showed an improved stability compared to the parent nitrogen mustard. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Where can more information about nitrogen mustard be found? (cdc.gov)
  • Once researchers started looking at this compound more carefully, they found out that it was rather unique. (bodicafe.com)
  • Mustard holds the title "King of the War Gases" due to the large number of casualties that it inflicted. (medscape.com)