Neurogenesis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, the neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSCs). (wikipedia.org)
Neurogenesis is most active during embryonic development and is responsible for producing all the various types of neurons of the organism, but it continues throughout adult life in a variety of organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The amount of time required to generate all the neurons of the CNS varies widely across mammals, and brain neurogenesis is not always complete by the time of birth. (wikipedia.org)
Neurogenesis is the mechanism whereby neurons are developed within the nervous system. (news-medical.net)
Therefore, neurogenesis is used to counteract this problem, by generating new neurons to replace older ones. (news-medical.net)
In the monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) hippocampus, proliferation of neurons in the subgranular zone was found in early postnatal life, but this diminished during juvenile development as neurogenesis decreased. (nature.com)
We conclude that recruitment of young neurons to the primate hippocampus decreases rapidly during the first years of life, and that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus does not continue, or is extremely rare, in adult humans. (nature.com)
Here, using a genetic labeling method in adult mice, we found that continuous neurogenesis results in the replacement of the majority of granule neurons in the olfactory bulb and a substantial addition of granule neurons to the hippocampal dentate gyrus. (nih.gov)
The hippocampal dentate gyrus in the adult mammalian brain contains neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) capable of generating new neurons, i.e., neurogenesis. (jci.org)
Recent thinking suggests that rather than a shortage of serotonin, a lack of synaptogenesis (the growth of new synapses, or nerve contacts) and neurogenesis (the generation and migration of new neurons) could cause depression. (blogspot.com)
Targeted augmentation of neurogenesis in FAD mice restored the number of new neurons in the engram, the dendritic spine density, and the transcription signature of both immature and mature neurons, ultimately leading to the rescue of memory. (altmetric.com)
Chemogenetic inactivation of immature neurons following enhanced neurogenesis in AD, reversed mouse performance, and diminished memory. (altmetric.com)
During neurogenesis in Xenopus, apicobasally polarised superficial and non-polar deep cells take up different fates: deep cells become primary neurons while superficial cells stay as progenitors. (bath.ac.uk)

Controlled stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis might be an elegant way to treat neurodegenerative diseases. (uni-marburg.de)
The phenomenon of neurogenesis in adult animals, which has therapeutic potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases, leads to several questions: What controls the pattern of connections formed by new cells? (pasteur.fr)

In the human, adult neurogenesis has been shown to occur at low levels compared with development, and in only three regions of the brain: the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, the amygdala and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. (wikipedia.org)
Kornack, D. R. & Rakic, P. Continuation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the adult macaque monkey. (nature.com)
Functional neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. (nature.com)
X-irradiation of the hippocampus blocked both the neurogenic and behavioral effects of chronic HU210 treatment, suggesting that chronic HU210 treatment produces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects likely via promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis. (jci.org)
Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is a highly regulated process that originates from multipotent progenitors in the subgranular zone (SGZ). (jneurosci.org)
To measure neurogenesis, rats were given injections of the mitotic marker bromodeoxyurdine to label dividing cells in the hippocampus. (duke.edu)
In addition, we anticipate PA will ameliorate neuronal loss and promote neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. (iupui.edu)

Since neurotrophic factors are the primary architects of neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, the findings from preclinical and clinical studies that assess changes in neurogenesis and neurotrophic factors and their relationship to cognitive performance in schizophrenia, and how these mechanisms might be impacted by APD treatment, may provide valuable clues in developing therapies to combat cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. (benthamscience.com)
To address these issues, the present set of experiments investigated how prenatal choline availability modulates specific properties of neurogenesis in the adult brain (in the intact brain and in response to injury), as well as hippocampal markers known to change in response to excitotoxin-induced seizures, and sought to relate changes in neurogenesis and in neuropathological markers following injury to changes in performance on spatial learning and memory tasks. (duke.edu)

NPAS3 protein is also involved in other processes in the brain such as neurogenesis, circadian rhythm and cell proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
Prenatal choline supplementation also enhanced olfactory bulb neurogenesis without altering cell proliferation in the subventricular zone, while prenatal choline deficiency had no effect on either measure, showing for the first time that prenatal choline's effects on adult neurogenesis is similarly expressed in another distinct neurogenic region of the adult brain. (duke.edu)
We report that a membrane-tethered form of aPKC (aPKC-CAAX) suppresses primary neurogenesis and promotes cell proliferation. (bath.ac.uk)
Low-level gestational lead exposure increases retinal progenitor cell proliferation and rod photoreceptor and bipolar cell neurogenesis in mice. (cdc.gov)

Following RGC proliferation, neurogenesis involves a final cell division of the parent RGC, which produces one of two possible outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
Although injuries in the mammalian central nervous system lead to profound proliferation of astrocytes, which cluster at the lesion site to form a gliotic scar, neurogenesis does not take place. (frontiersin.org)
A constitutively active aPKC fused to a nuclear localisation signal has the same phenotypic effect as aPKC-CAAX in that it suppresses neurogenesis and enhances proliferation. (bath.ac.uk)
Our data identify a critical role for the microtubule-severing protein katanin p60 in regulating neuronal progenitor proliferation in vivo during embryonic development and adult neurogenesis. (monash.edu)

In the mammalian brain, alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental mechanism that modifies neuronal function dynamically where secretion of different splice variants regulates neurogenesis, development, pathfinding, maintenance, migration, and synaptogenesis. (aging-us.com)
Here, we extend and adapt a model of the cross-species transformation of early neurodevelopmental events which presently reaches up to the equivalent of the third human postnatal year for 18 mammalian species (www.translatingtime.net) to address questions relevant to hippocampal neurogenesis, which permit extending the database to adolescence or perhaps to the whole lifespan. (figshare.com)
In the mammalian brain, neurogenesis continues only in few regions of the forebrain. (cipsm.de)
The role of p60 katanin in the mammalian brain with respect to embryonic and adult neurogenesis is poorly understood. (monash.edu)
How is the stability of memory and of information processing maintained when cells and synapses are constantly being lost and new ones produced?To answer these questions we intend to investigate neurogenesis in the mammalian olfactory bulb, using a combination of computational modeling and electrophysiology. (pasteur.fr)

We show that both embryonic and adult rat hippocampal NS/PCs are immunoreactive for CB1 cannabinoid receptors, indicating that cannabinoids could act on CB1 receptors to regulate neurogenesis. (jci.org)
mRNAs that are predicted to be translated within axon growth cones or dendrites have long half-lives while mRNAs encoding transcription factors that regulate neurogenesis have short half-lives. (escholarship.org)

These results suggest that Tbr2+ IPCs play a major role in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and that a similar transcriptional program controls neurogenesis in adult SGZ as in embryonic cerebral cortex. (jneurosci.org)

Techniques to stimulate neurogenesis may help in the treatment of stroke patients and people with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. (oxfordreference.com)
Apigenin may also stimulate neurogenesis, the growth and development of nerve cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Acute and long-term effects of adolescence stress exposure on rodent adult hippocampal neurogenesis, cognition, and behaviour. (kcl.ac.uk)

For example, mice undergo cortical neurogenesis from about embryonic day (post-conceptional day) (E)11 to E17, and are born at about E19.5. (wikipedia.org)
Studies in mice have produced compelling evidence that VGF mediates the connection between physical activities, amplified adult neurogenesis and attenuation of depression-like phenotypes. (frontiersin.org)
Employing birth date labelling and immunohistological markers, we show that mice harbouring an S140G mutation in Tuba1a present with normal neurogenic potential, but that this neurogenesis is often ectopic. (karger.com)
A systematic review was conducted on studies investigating changes in hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions, and behaviour, occurring after adolescence stress exposure in mice both acutely (at post-natal days 21-65) and in adulthood. (kcl.ac.uk)

Altman, J. & Das, G. D. Autoradiographic and histological evidence of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. (nature.com)
Sildenafil increases brain levels of cGMP, evokes neurogenesis, and reduces neurological deficits when given to rats 2 or 24 hours after stroke. (nih.gov)
Chronic, but not acute, HU210 treatment promoted neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult rats and exerted anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. (jci.org)
Background: In 1965 Altman achieved the hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. (authorea.com)
In addition, the rats supplemented with BB and SB diets showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis and expression of insulin-like growth factor 1, although the improvements in working memory performance could not solely be explained by these increases. (cambridge.org)

This did not compromise DG plasticity or spatial and contextual learning and memory tasks employed in our study, consistent with the interpretation that adult neurogenesis may be associated with selective forms of hippocampal-dependent cognitive processes. (monash.edu)

The early decline in hippocampal neurogenesis raises questions about how the function of the dentate gyrus differs between humans and other species in which adult hippocampal neurogenesis is preserved. (nature.com)
These results suggest that continuous neurogenesis is required for the maintenance and reorganization of the whole interneuron system in the olfactory bulb, the modulation and refinement of the existing neuronal circuits in the dentate gyrus and the normal behaviors involved in hippocampal-dependent memory. (nih.gov)
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a constitutive but highly regulated process that occurs in a neurogenic niche, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG). (jneurosci.org)

Alterations have also been attributed to several diseases, such as depression and epilepsy, highlighting the importance of a highly controlled balance between neurogenesis and neurodegeneration. (news-medical.net)
If neurogenesis is more dominant than neurodegeneration, dementia associated with the neurodegeneration can be treated. (authorea.com)

The rate of neurogenesis and the type of neuron generated (broadly, excitatory or inhibitory) are principally determined by molecular and genetic factors. (wikipedia.org)
Qu W , Jin H , Chen B , Liu J , Li R , Guo W , Tian H , . CPEB3 regulates neuron-specific alternative splicing and involves neurogenesis gene expression. (aging-us.com)
Notably, CPEB3 partially modulated differential gene splicing enhanced in the modulation of neural development, neuron cycle, neurotrophin, synapse, and specific development pathway, implying an alternative splicing regulatory mechanism associated with neurogenesis. (aging-us.com)

Study design: Adult neurogenesis in the SGZ, SVZ and rostral migratory stream (RMS), where the cells migrate from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb (OB), was studied by immunohistology. (uni-marburg.de)
Using this model we will investigate odor information processing, learning and memory in the olfactory bulb, and how these are affected by neurogenesis. (pasteur.fr)

We tested the hypothesis that sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, promotes functional recovery and neurogenesis after stroke. (nih.gov)
Literature presentation on neurogenesis, depression, antidepressants, the monoaminergic hypothesis of depression, and the requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of antidepressants. (mit.edu)
If the neurogenesis and synaptogenesis hypothesis holds, a drug that specifically targeted miR-221 or miR-222 could bring sunnier days to those suffering from depression. (blogspot.com)

Neurogenesis occurs continuously in the forebrain of adult mammals, but the functional importance of adult neurogenesis is still unclear. (nih.gov)
The functional significance of adult neurogenesis is currently not well understood. (jneurosci.org)

To study the role of transcription factors (TFs), we focused on Tbr2 (T-box brain gene 2), which has been implicated previously in developmental glutamatergic neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
However, our knowledge is still insufficient to exploit adult neurogenesis for controlled brain repair or for stimulation of its physiological function. (uni-marburg.de)
This process, called adult neurogenesis, has challenged previously held concepts about adult brain plasticity and opened novel therapeutic avenues to treat certain neuro-psychiatric diseases. (uzh.ch)

Once the nervous system is fully formed, neurogenesis only occurs due to stimuli. (news-medical.net)
Researchers discover hippocampal neurogenesis occurs daily in adult humans. (neurosciencenews.com)

Conditional deletion of Smad4 in adult neural stem cells severely impairs neurogenesis, and this is phenocopied by infusion of Noggin, an extracellular antagonist of BMP. (cipsm.de)

Thus, BMP-mediated signaling via Smad4 is required to initiate neurogenesis from adult neural stem cells and suppress the alternative fate of oligodendrogliogenesis. (cipsm.de)

Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of GATA3 significantly increased the number of GFAP/SOX2 double positive astrocytes and expression of pro-neural factor ASCL1, but failed to induce neurogenesis, suggesting that GATA3 is required for enhancing the neurogenic potential of primary human astrocytes and is not sufficient to induce neurogenesis alone. (frontiersin.org)

2010 ), but the underlying mechanism of dysfunctions of neurogenesis and synaptic activity in relation to the pathology of psychiatric disorder is currently unknown. (frontiersin.org)
Prenatal choline's effects on adult neurogenesis may be one mechanism for diet-induced cognitive changes throughout life and in response to injury, although little is known about the mechanisms underlying how prenatal choline alters adult neurogenesis or the neural mechanisms underlying prenatal choline supplementation's protection against cognitive deficits after seizures. (duke.edu)

The main group of medications to treat depression, SSRIs, might promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis by turning on genes that make ITGB3 as well as other proteins that are involved in these processes. (blogspot.com)
Moreover, qRT-PCR verified the CPEB3-modulated transcription of neurogenesis genes LCN2 and NAV2, synaptogenesis gene CYLD, as well as neural development gene JADE1. (aging-us.com)

The genes and mechanisms involved in regulating neurogenesis are the subject of intensive research in academic, pharmaceutical, and government settings worldwide. (wikipedia.org)

Ferrets are born at E42, although their period of cortical neurogenesis does not end until a few days after birth. (wikipedia.org)

Conversely, inhibiting endogenous aPKC with a dominant-negative form that is restricted to the nucleus enhances primary neurogenesis. (bath.ac.uk)

In contrast, neurogenesis in humans generally begins around gestational week (GW) 10 and ends around GW 25 with birth about GW 38-40. (wikipedia.org)
The question of adult hippocampal neurogenesis has generated numerous controversies regarding its simple presence or absence in humans versus rodents, whether it is best described as the tail of a distribution centered on early neural development, or is several distinct processes. (figshare.com)
Early developmental events involving the olfactory and limbic system start and conclude possibly slightly early in primates than rodents, and we find a comparable early conclusion of primate hippocampal neurogenesis (as assessed by the relative number of Ki67 cells) suggesting a plateau to low levels at approximately 2 years of age in humans. (figshare.com)
Developing novel tools for measuring hippocampal neurogenesis in live humans, would allow assessing neurogenic changes following stress exposure, investigating relationships with psychiatric symptom onset, and identifying effects of therapeutic interventions. (kcl.ac.uk)

There are also epigenetic factors which are utilized in the control of neurogenesis, as well as cytokines, morphogens, neurotransmitters and growth factors. (news-medical.net)

Aim: We aimed to study the possible role of the protein orexin in the regulation of adult neurogenesis in the orexin/ataxin-3 mouse. (uni-marburg.de)

NeuroGenesis will initiate a multi-center Phase IIb clinical trial (Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis) in 2023 as well as a Phase IIb in ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease). (neurogenesis-cell.com)

Conversely, Tbr2+ IPCs were selectively depleted by antimitotic drugs, known to suppress neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)

Herein, we established that CPEB3 is a critical modulator of alternative splicing in neurogenesis, which remarkably enhances the current understanding of the CPEB3 mediated alternative pre-mRNA splicing. (aging-us.com)

Prenatal choline supplementation enhanced several properties of basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis (cell division and survival, neural stem/progenitor cell phenotype and proliferative capacity, trophic support), and this increase was associated with improvements in spatial working memory retention in a delayed-matching-to-place water maze task. (duke.edu)

Collectively, these observations suggest that defective neurogenesis contributes to memory failure in AD. (altmetric.com)
These observations suggest that aPKC has a function in the nucleus that is important for cell fate specification during primary neurogenesis. (bath.ac.uk)

The molecular signals governing neurogenesis in these unique neurogenic niches, however, are still ill defined. (cipsm.de)

In contrast, prenatal choline deficiency had little effect on basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and no effect on spatial memory performance. (duke.edu)

In rodents, neurogenesis is very active during adolescence, when is particularly vulnerable to stress. (kcl.ac.uk)
Whether stress-related neurogenesis changes influence adolescence onset of psychiatric symptoms remains largely unknown. (kcl.ac.uk)

Hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mouse models. (altmetric.com)

Neuronal PAS domain protein 3 (NPAS3) and VGF (VGF Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Inducible) are important for neurogenesis and psychiatric disorders. (frontiersin.org)

GATA3 promotes neural progenitor state but not neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)

Taken together, these findings demonstrate a robust neuroprotective effect of prenatal choline supplementation that may be driven by enhanced adult hippocampal plasticity and trophic support prior to injury, and shed light on the mechanisms underlying how prenatal choline availability alters adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which may contribute to changes in memory capacity and precision both throughout life and following neural assault. (duke.edu)

This study aimed at investigating the potential regulatory capacity of the potent synthetic cannabinoid HU210 on hippocampal neurogenesis and its possible correlation with behavioral change. (jci.org)

BrdU-birthdating and confocal studies confirmed the selective rod and bipolar cell increases and showed that the patterns of neurogenesis and gliogenesis were unaltered by GLE. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy42

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Disciplines and Occupations1

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