Neoplasms germ cell and embryonal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Clinical, cytogenetic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical data were obtained in a series of 11 small round cell tumors (SRCT) of bone and soft tissue with the translocation t(11;22) (q24;q12). (nih.gov)
Pediatric prepubertal testicular tumors are dramatically different from adult neoplasms. (medscape.com)
Germ-cell tumors account for only 60-77% of testicular tumors in children but account for 95% of testicular tumors in adults. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Adult germ-cell tumors with malignant potential, such as seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, are not present in prepubertal patients. (medscape.com)
The 2016 update of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of testicular germ-cell tumors divided them into two broad categories on the basis of whether they are derived from a precursor lesion: germ-cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS). (medscape.com)
The most common germ-cell tumors are yolk-sac tumors and teratomas, which were reported by Ross to account for about 62% and 26% of testis tumors, respectively. (medscape.com)
[ 6 , 7 ] Nistal et al reported frequencies of 49% for yolk-sac tumors, 13% for teratomas, 9% for seminomas and mixed germ-cell tumors, and 29% for sex-cord stromal tumors. (medscape.com)
[ 9 ] A descriptive analysis of prepubertal testicular germ-cell tumors from a large Chinese center cited frequencies of 50.9% for teratomas, 29.2% for yolk-sac tumors, 19.3% for epidermoid cysts, and 0.6% for mixed germ-cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Gonadal stromal tumors are generally considered significantly less common than germ-cell tumors and primarily include juvenile granulosa-cell tumors, Leydig-cell tumors , and Sertoli-cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Prepubertal teratomas account for fewer than 30% of testicular germ-cell tumors in children and are uniformly benign. (medscape.com)
Seminomas and mixed germ-cell tumors are extremely rare in prepubertal children. (medscape.com)
Most authorities believe that seminomas should be managed as in adults and mixed germ-cell tumors should be treated according to the most malignant subtype present. (medscape.com)
Sertoli-cell tumors are the most common gonadal stromal tumors in prepubertal children. (medscape.com)
When these cells become abnormal, they have the ability to divide and form tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Less common types of ovarian cancer include germ cell tumors and sex cord stromal tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Neoplasms originating from the blood or bone marrow (leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders) are not considered solid tumors. (mycancergenome.org)
Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular analysis of 16 cases with a reappraisal of clear cell sarcoma-like tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. (jefferson.edu)
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. (uams.edu)
Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition. (uams.edu)
Background: Malignant gonadal (GGCT) and extragonal germ cell tumors [GCT (EGCT)] are thought to originate from primordial germ cells. (uni-luebeck.de)
Background/Purpose: The aim of this study was to correlate outcomes in patients with stage I testicular germ cell tumors with compliance to surgical guidelines and to confirm previous single-institution experiences that show excellent disease-free survival rates when treated with orchiectomy alone. (johnshopkins.edu)
Conclusions: Patients with stage I germ cell tumors of the testes have excellent survival rates when treated with surgery alone. (johnshopkins.edu)
We investigated the expression of NS in human germ cell tumors and its function in a mouse germ cell tumor model. (elsevierpure.com)
NS was abundantly expressed in undifferentiated, but not differentiated, types of human testicular germ cell tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
These data indicate that abundant expression of NS supports the undifferentiated properties of germ cell tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
In addition, aberrant regulation of oocyte death as primordial follicles form may be the underlying cause of ovarian dysgerminoma, or germ cell tumors [7]. (syr.edu)
A retrospective review was done on ail high volume choriocarcinomas and other germ cell tumors of men with serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (beta‐HCG) levels greater than 50,000 mIU/ml to determine the incidence and characteristics of hyperthyroidism in this setting. (tau.ac.il)
none of the patients had thyroid gland enlargement, We conclude that subclinical hyperthyroidism is a relatively common phenomenon in germ cell tumors of men with high levels of beta‐HCG and that control of the primary disease results in serum T 4 level normalization. (tau.ac.il)
While most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin, cytologists should be aware that non-epithelial neoplasms can also cause malignant effusions including sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, and, more rarely, brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
The differential diagnosis of a malignant effusion is accordingly broad, especially for the small round blue cell tumors that includes not only mesenchymal tumors, but also non-mesenchymal tumors, such as neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor. (cytojournal.com)
Common non-epithelial neoplasms that may cause malignant effusions include malignant melanoma, sarcomas, and other neoplasms including germ cell tumors [ Figure 1 ]. (cytojournal.com)
Tumor markers serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and/or the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) are elevated in extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
The levels of bhCG in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with primary intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCT) were elevated more frequently than in the plasma before treatment and became detectable prior to any increase of the serum values in case of relapse. (medscape.com)
Serum AFP elevations are seen in yolk-sac tumors and embryonal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
AFP, bhCG, or both are elevated in approximately 85% of extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Cytogenetic analysis of patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) reveals trisomy 8 in 16% of cases and Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) in 14-20% of cases. (medscape.com)
The presence of this abnormality helps identify midline germ cell tumors presenting as poorly differentiated carcinomas with atypical features. (medscape.com)
Obtain baseline evaluation of pituitary function (ie, thyroid-stimulating hormone, cortisol, GH, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin) before treatment and then at regular intervals in patients with intracranial germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Nonseminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumors (NS-MGCTs) appear as irregular, anterior mediastinal masses, often with extensive, central heterogeneous areas of low attenuation caused by necrosis, hemorrhage, and/or cyst formation. (medscape.com)
Extracranial and extragonadal germ cell tumors and melanoma were both significantly decreasing. (cdc.gov)
Bilateral Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Case-Series From a UK-Based Tertiary Referral Center Over 19 Years. (ox.ac.uk)
The two main types of stromal tumors are Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
Extragonadal germinal cell tumors (EGGCTs) are rare tumors that predominantly affect young males. (medscape.com)
The only known risk factor for extragonadal germ cell tumors is Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY), which is associated with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, which are characterized by their location on the midline from the pineal gland to the coccyx. (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] In extragonadal germ cell tumors, no evidence of a primary malignancy is present in either the testes or ovaries by radiologic imaging or physical examination. (medscape.com)
Controversy remains regarding the origin of extragonadal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
The classic theory suggests that germ cell tumors (GCTs) in these areas are derived from local transformation of primordial germ cells misplaced during embryogenesis. (medscape.com)
According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
Some retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumors may represent metastases from a testicular cancer , with subsequent spontaneous necrosis of the primary tumor. (medscape.com)
Literature suggests that the only known risk factor for extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) is Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY), which is associated with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Extragonadal germ cell tumors produce a rich symptomatology and may reach large volumes if they arise in silent areas. (medscape.com)
Hematologic malignancies are frequently associated with mediastinal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Highly differentiated yolk-sac tumors make up 30% of mediastinal germ cell tumors, providing a possible basis for this association. (medscape.com)
The balance of the p53-mdm2 interaction has been shown to be disrupted in intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs). (medscape.com)

Stably fluorescence protein (FP) expressing cell clones of colorectal carcinoma and germ cell tumor lines were generated by lentiviral transduction using the FPs eGFP, dsRed2, TurboFP635, and mPlum. (nih.gov)
Seminoma is the most common pure germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis, accounting for up to 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
1] Among mixed GCTs, seminoma is also commonly present in combination with teratoma, yolk sac tumor, and/or embryonal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
Overall, 60% of germ cell neoplasms have seminoma in their composition, but pure seminomas are genetically different from those that present as a component of a mixed tumor. (medscape.com)
Less frequently, a tubular morphology can be seen (see the images below), posing a differential diagnosis with Sertoli cell tumor. (medscape.com)
The following case describes a patient with known history of primary metastatic mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor (GCT) with teratomatous elements who is diagnosed with sarcoidosis involving skeletal tissues. (ijms.info)
Analysis of teratomas derived from embryonic stem cells in which the NS promoter drives GFP expression showed that cells highly expressing NS were actively proliferating and exhibited the characteristics of tumor-initiating cells, including the ability to initiate and propagate tumor cells in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
Diagnosing non-epithelial malignancies in effusion specimens based entirely upon their cytomorphologic features is difficult because these neoplasms often exhibit considerable morphological overlap and their cytomorphology can differ from the original tumor. (cytojournal.com)
Testicular ultrasound: This should be ordered whenever a malignant germ cell tumor is diagnosed to rule out a gonadal primary site. (medscape.com)
Serum CA-125, a glycoprotein antigen, has been measured in serum of patients with ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, or nonseminomatous germ-cell tumor of testis. (ox.ac.uk)
Spontaneous regression as a 'burned-out' non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumor. (greenmedinfo.com)
However, the smaller the residual mass, the lower the chance that it harbors viable tumor cells. (medscape.com)

A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from tissues that do not include fluid areas. (mycancergenome.org)
As malignant cells have a tendency to round up in body fluids these non-epithelial neoplasms can therefore mimic reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic adenocarcinoma. (cytojournal.com)
4 Malignant effusions caused by non-epithelial neoplasms are more frequently encountered in children than in adults. (cytojournal.com)
Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms . (lookformedical.com)
The data presented in this edition of Cancer Incidence in Five The CI5 data include all invasive malignant neoplasms and Continents (CI5) are mainly organised according to anatomical some non-invasive malignant neoplasms For most morphology site However, for some sites, the histological type of cancer codes, a fifth digit /1 or /2 automatically excludes the data entry. (who.int)
The main structure of the histological grouping is that Morphology codes specific types of malignant neoplasms are listed as wel as Grouping of morphological codes presents several difficulties. (who.int)
Other specified malignant neoplasm (Other specified cancer tumour Other codes are obsolete, ie the entities have been in the previous edition). (who.int)
Most malignant post-pubertal GCTs originate from germ cell neoplasia " in situ " (GCNIS). (uroweb.org)
Malignant transformation of germ cells is the result of a multistep process of genetic changes. (medscape.com)

Mixed germ cell neoplasm contaning elements of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma (M-9081/3). (ontobee.org)
Clinically and histologically, these are subdivided into seminomas and non-seminomas, the later encompassing somatic and extra-embryonal elements of embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac, choriocarcinoma and teratoma [ 10 ]. (uroweb.org)

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is not produced by seminoma cells, and its serum detection usually indicates a nonseminomatous component. (medscape.com)
The peak incidence is in the third decade of life for non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT) and mixed GCT patients, and in the fourth decade for seminoma testis (ST) patients. (uroweb.org)
The cells can be seminoma, nonseminoma, or both. (medlineplus.gov)

The ovary is made up of three different cell types including epithelial cells, germ cells, and stromal cells. (wikipedia.org)
Representative examples include epithelial neoplasms (e.g. lung carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma), and neoplasms arising from the soft tissues and bones (e.g. leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma). (mycancergenome.org)

Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. (sdsu.edu)
However, GCTs, including seminomas, can occur in extragonadal sites along the midline of the body, following the embryologic migration route of its precursor cells -- the primordial germ cells. (medscape.com)
NS was expressed concomitantly with OCT3/4, a critical regulator of the undifferentiated status of pluripotent stem cells in primordial germ cells and embryonal carcinomas. (elsevierpure.com)
Introduction This chapter will focus on the development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) into oocytes and their subsequent assembly into primordial follicles that is essential for reproductive success (Figure 4.1). (syr.edu)
As these cysts separate, many oocytes are lost by apoptosis while others are surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells, forming primordial follicles [4]. (syr.edu)
Elucidation of mechanisms regulating cyst breakdown, oocyte numbers, and primordial follicle formation is important because it will lead to the development of early screening and interventions for infertility and germ cell cancers. (syr.edu)

Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)

A collective term for the various histological types of NEOPLASMS. (bvsalud.org)

Genetic changes have also been studied in the past few decades, with documentation of aneuploid DNA content in seminomas and intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the unclassified type (IGCNU), the precursor lesion. (medscape.com)

To explain the origin of occult carcinoma in situ cells, 2 models have been proposed. (medscape.com)

The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. (lookformedical.com)

Background/Aim: High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and stem cell transplantation (SCT) have been established as the standard of care in patients with relapsed germ cell tumours (GCTs). (herts.ac.uk)
Testicular cancer represents 1% of adult neoplasms and 5% of urological tumours, with three to ten new cases per 100,000 males/per year in Western societies [ 6 ]. (uroweb.org)
At diagnosis, 1-2% are bilateral and 90-95% of cases are germ cell tumours (GCT) [ 6 ]. (uroweb.org)

Primary chemotherapy and the role of second-look laparotomy in non-dysgerminomatous germ cell malignancies of the ovary. (umassmed.edu)
Early published studies have compared positron emission tomography (PET) to CT for the evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed disease or residual germ cell neoplasms after chemotherapy and have suggested that PET may be more sensitive than CT, disease smaller than 0.5 cm was not detected. (medscape.com)
Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Neoplasms with which bhCG elevation can be seen are prostate, bladder, ureteral, and renal cancers. (medscape.com)
These cancers grow from germ cells, the cells that make sperm. (medlineplus.gov)

Elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels can occur in seminomas and correlate with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells seen histologically. (medscape.com)
Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum. (lookformedical.com)

Cancer Cell. (elsevierpure.com)
Once cancer is found, the first step is to determine the type of cancer cell by examining it under a microscope. (medlineplus.gov)

Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. (lookformedical.com)
Spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases from testicular embryonal carcinoma. (greenmedinfo.com)

This is a single-arm, open-label, multicenter, efficacy, and safety study of pembrolizumab in adult and pediatric participants with previously untreated advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC). (msdoncologyclinicaltrials.com)

Suppressed follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in women with gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. (umassmed.edu)

Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system. (lookformedical.com)

Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that embryonic day 15.5 NANOS2-deficient germ cells and embryonal carcinoma cells developed a transcriptional profile enriched for MYC signaling, NODAL signaling and primed pluripotency. (nih.gov)
Moreover, lineage-tracing experiments demonstrated that embryonal carcinoma cells arose exclusively from germ cells failing to express NANOS2. (nih.gov)
13. Pulmonary metastasis: very late relapse of testicular embryonal carcinoma . (nih.gov)
17. Germ cell tumour growth patterns originating from clear cell carcinoma s of the ovary and endometrium: a comparative immunohistochemical study favouring their origin from somatic stem cells. (nih.gov)
Follow this link to review classifications for Embryonal carcinoma in Orphanet. (nih.gov)
Mediastinal Presentation of Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Two varieties are recognized: (1) clear cell carcinoma, so called because of its histologic resemblance to renal cell carcinoma, and now considered to be of muellerian duct derivation and (2) an embryonal tumor (called also ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR and yolk sac tumor), occurring chiefly in children. (sdsu.edu)
Pathology results revealed the mass originating from a burned out testis yolk sac tumor with embryonal carcinoma component. (tjtes.org)
In the solid pattern of embryonal carcinoma, the tumor cells are arranged in diffuse sheets which may be punctuated by areas of eosinophilic coagulative necrosis . (webpathology.com)

In the second mixed germ cell tumour, the NSTGCT component was methylated for RASSF1A and MGMT, while the seminoma component was methylated only for RASSF1A. (birmingham.ac.uk)
In this research there is high level of LDH from germ cell tumour (dysgerminoma) (3998.0 U/L) compare with adenocarcinoma (1640.1 U/L) and granulosa cell (269.0 U/L). But because there is insufficient cases of germ cell and granulosa cell in this research, the analytical study is not done. (ui.ac.id)
Other specified malignant neoplasm (Other specified cancer tumour Other codes are obsolete, ie the entities have been in the previous edition). (who.int)

Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. (sdsu.edu)
In response to signals from the embryonic testis, the germ cell intrinsic factor NANOS2 coordinates a transcriptional program necessary for the differentiation of pluripotent-like primordial germ cells toward a unipotent spermatogonial stem cell fate. (nih.gov)
GCTs arise from primordial germ cells, which migrate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac through the mesentery to the gonads (see Figure 1). (kaiserpermanente.org)
Extracranial germ cell development from primordial germ cells. (kaiserpermanente.org)
The initial massive erasure of 5mC in primordial germ cells, however, appears to be a TET-independent, passive process that is likely controlled by the downregulation of UHRF1, which facilitates the recruitment of the maintenance DNA-methyltransferase DNMT1 to nascent hemimethylated DNA at the replication fork [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

BACKGROUND: A 31-year-old man underwent a radical orchiectomy for a stage I mixed germ-cell tumor with angiolymphatic invasion. (medscape.com)
Radical orchiectomy is the gold standard in management of suspected testicular neoplasms, as it has both diagnostic and therapeutic benefits. (medscape.com)
Trans-scrotal biopsy or a scrotal approach to orchiectomy should never be performed in cases of suspected neoplasm, as it can cause contamination of the scrotum and alter patterns of lymphatic spread of tumor as well as complicate subsequent management. (medscape.com)

6. [Surgical diagnosis and treatment of adult huge undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver]. (nih.gov)

We propose that, in the absence of sex specification, signals native to the developing testis drive germ cell transformation. (nih.gov)

2. Management of Residual Disease After First-line Chemotherapy in a Patient With a Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor. (nih.gov)

To date new information is emerging regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children but the literature is still scarce concerning this infection in patients with intracranial malignant neoplasms. (bvsalud.org)
A brain tumor is any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either found in the brain itself, in the cranial nerves, in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, or pituitary and pineal gland. (clearcaninecancer.com)

5. Successful treatment of radiotherapy and apatinib in patient with mediastinal mixed non-seminomatous germ cell tumor: A case report. (nih.gov)
8. Recurrence of a Mediastinal Germ-Cell Tumor as a Somatic-Type Malignancy: A Complex Case Report. (nih.gov)

Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (sdsu.edu)

Cells 2023 Jul 5;12(13) doi: 10.3390/cells12131783. (nih.gov)

Paired-like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B) is an established immunomarker for peripheral neuroblastoma and autonomic nervous system cells. (nih.gov)

The ovary is made up of three different cell types including epithelial cells, germ cells, and stromal cells. (wikipedia.org)
A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of large germ cells with abundant cytoplasm resembling epithelial cells, geographic necrosis, high mitotic activity, and pseudoglandular and pseudopapillary structures formation. (nih.gov)

Genetic tests look at the unique genetic material (genes) of patients' tumor cells. (ucbraid.org)

BACKGROUND/AIM: Grading pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) via mitotic rate and Ki-67 index score is complicated by interobserver variability. (bvsalud.org)

We report a 9-year-old child infected with SARS-CoV-2 and recent diagnosis of suprasellar non-germinomatous germ cell tumor also suffering from diabetes insipidus and hypothalamic-pituitary failure (hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, hypothalamic obesity and growth hormone deficiency) and its clinical course. (bvsalud.org)

Cells 2021 Dec 16;10(12) doi: 10.3390/cells10123558. (nih.gov)

Neoplasms with which β-hCG elevation can be seen are prostate, bladder, ureteral, and renal cancers. (medscape.com)

Pre-Made Pembrolizumab biosimilar, Whole mAb, Anti-PDCD1/PD-1 Antibody: Anti-CD279/PD1/SLEB2/hSLE1 therapeutic antibody is a biosimilar expressed by mammalian cell line as a benchmark reference therapeutic antibody for biological drug disovery items including cell culture, assay development, animal model development, PK/PD model development (Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamic) and mechanism of action (MOA) research. (genemedi.net)

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