- Fifteen strains (19.5%) were resistant to enrofloxacin, six (7.8%) to ciprofloxacin, and 26 (33.8%) to nalidixic acid in the Disk Diffusion Test. (scielo.br)
- It is concluded that if it is necessary to commence treatment before the results of laboratory-based sensitivity tests are available, the best options would be to use nalidixic acid for children and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin, for adults. (nih.gov)
- In addition, nine had reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, nine were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, six were resistant to nalidixic acid, four were resistant to chloramphenicol, and one was resistant to gentamicin. (cdc.gov)
- Two C. coli were resistant to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline while 4 C. coli were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. (usda.gov)
- As with many infectious diseases, Shigella is gaining resistance to commonly-used antibiotics, including third generation cephalosporins, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. (pasteur.fr)
- Minimal inhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid for 567 Campylobacter jejuni and 233 Campylobacter coli strains were determined by the agar dilution method. (tubitak.gov.tr)
- However, the resistance of campylobacters to quinolones increased dramatically in 2000, with 75.5%, 73% and 94.5% of the strains being resistant to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid, respectively. (tubitak.gov.tr)
- A high level of cross-resistance was observed among enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. (tubitak.gov.tr)
- Susceptibility to different antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion technique 11 following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 12 using a commercially available disk (Oxoid Ltd, England) of eight antimicrobial agents: amoxycillin (10 μg/disc), chloramphenicol (30 μg/disc), ciprofloxacin (5 μg/disc), erythromycin (15 μg/disc), nalidixic acid (30 μg/disc), norfloxacin (10 μg/disc), co-trimoxazole (25 μg/disc) and tetracycline (30 μg/disc). (who.int)
- 12,13 Since there is no Vibrio cholerae -specific CLSI interpretive criteria for several of the drugs for which resistance is described, we considered a zone of inhibition of 21mm for ciprofloxacin, 23mm for erythromycin, 19mm for nalidixic acid and 17mm for norfloxacin as the cut-off values to determine susceptibility ( Table 1 ). (who.int)
- Nalidixic acid is effective primarily against Gram-negative bacteria, with minor anti-Gram-positive activity. (wikipedia.org)
- Aeromonas hydrophila, Clostridium and Haemophilus are generally susceptible to nalidixic acid, while other bacteria such as Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus are resistant. (wikipedia.org)
- Mechanism of action of nalidixic acid on conjugating bacteria. (yale.edu)
- Sulfa drugs arrest cell growth by inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid, a component required for growth by bacteria. (americanaquariumproducts.com)
- Folic acid is a large molecule and is unable to enter bacterial cells, so the bacteria must synthesize the compound intracellularly. (americanaquariumproducts.com)
- Nalidixic acid (tradenames Nevigramon, NegGram, Wintomylon and WIN 18,320) is the first of the synthetic quinolone antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
- Usage NegGram (nalidixic acid, USP) is indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by susceptible gram-negative microorganisms, including the majority of E. Coli, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella species, and Proteus species. (patimpexindia.co.in)
- NegGram (nalidixic acid, USP) is indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by susceptible gram-negative microorganisms, including the majority of E. Coli, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella species, and Proteus species. (patimpexindia.co.in)
- Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain ATCC14028 acquires nalidixic acid resistance when gyrB gene is mutated (strain IR715). (wikipedia.org)
- To determine the ubiquity of this phenomenon, a collection of 24 food-borne illness related isolates of Salmonella were screened for native resistance to nalidixic acid. (usda.gov)
- Since Lescher and col. prepared the nalidixic acid in 1962 [ 1 ], the synthesis of new quinolones continues (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
- 25% were resistant to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. (cdc.gov)
- Nalidixic acid and related antibiotics inhibit a subunit of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and induce formation of cleavage complexes. (wikipedia.org)
- Resistance to the antibiotic nalidixic acid has been used as a selective marker for studies of pathogen-inoculated fruits and vegetables. (usda.gov)
- Resistance to nalidixic acid is a surrogate marker which predicts fluoroquinolones failure and can be used to guide antibiotic therapy. (pediatriconcall.com)
- The sensitivity to ionizing radiation was determined in a neutral buffer for three nalidixic acid sensitive (Nal-S) isolates and three nalidixic acid resistant (Nal-R) isolates. (usda.gov)
- Nalidixic acid was once the most commonly used preparation, but poor tissue and serum concentrations now limit its use to the treatment of simple urinary tract infections. (aafp.org)
- The characterization and quantification of solid-state analytical techniques nalidixic acid such as DSC that can monitor these. (abruzzo.it)
- RFDR can nalidixic acid be used for quantification. (free.fr)
- In these studies, the drugs involved included nalidixic acid in addition to trimethoprim and amoxicillin. (kevinmd.com)
- Low gastric acidity, which is common among older people and among people who use acid-suppressing drugs, can markedly decrease the infective dose. (msdmanuals.com)
- as in cresylic acid, an acid found in CRESOL, a compound found in tar and creosote. (absp.org.uk)
- as in iopanoic acid, a compound containing iodine, opaque to X-rays and used in X-ray examination of the gall bladder. (absp.org.uk)
- antiscorbutic, as in ascorbic acid, vitamin C. (absp.org.uk)
- as in cevitamic acid, another name for ascorbic acid. (absp.org.uk)
- The company is expanding into the manufacture of albendazole nalidixic acid carbamezepine denatonium benzoate chloropromazine HCL and Tri Flu O Perazine HCL. (business-standard.com)
- The vitamin K ̶ dependent step involves carboxylation of glutamic acid residues and requires regeneration of the used vitamin K back to its reduced form. (medscape.com)
- Nalidixic Acid inhibits growth of Gram-negative organisms. (neogen.com)
- In the present work we reported the synthesis, characterization, and biological activity results of a copper mixed complex (see Figure 1 ), with hsm and nalidixic acid. (hindawi.com)
- as in folic acid, an acid in the vitamin B complex. (absp.org.uk)
- High to extremely high resistance to nalidixic acid and to tetracyclines was reported in broilers. (imperial.ac.uk)
- It is possible that a range of nalidixic acid the more traditional LC/UV approach. (eventenergy.ru)
- as in adenylic acid, a type of nucleotide. (absp.org.uk)
- applied to a type of fatty acid, found in butter and having a goatlike smell. (absp.org.uk)
- denoting a type of acid, aka acetic acid. (absp.org.uk)
- applied to an acid got from malonic acid and urea, a source of important sedatives. (absp.org.uk)
- as in hyaluronic acid, a viscous polysaccharide with important lubricating properties, present, for example, in the synovial fluid in joints. (absp.org.uk)
- as in benzoic acid, an acid found in benzoin and other gums. (absp.org.uk)
- as in butanoic or butyric acid, an acid found in butter. (absp.org.uk)
- as in caseic acid, an acid found in cheese. (absp.org.uk)
- as in cerotic acid, an acid found in beeswax and certain fats. (absp.org.uk)
- relating to bile, as in cholic acid, an acid found in bile. (absp.org.uk)
- as in cytidylic acid, a nucleotide that is found in DNA. (absp.org.uk)
- as in domoic acid, a poisonous amino acid found in marine algae. (absp.org.uk)
- as in formic acid, an acid found in ants. (absp.org.uk)
- Animal cells are unable to synthesize folic acid and it must be provided in the diet. (americanaquariumproducts.com)
- as in arachidonic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid occurring in animal cells. (absp.org.uk)