Myofibroblasts. Medical search. Frequent questions

Myofibroblasts upregulate the expression of fibronectin, collagens, and hyaluronic acid during and after their differentiation from fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
There are many possible ways of myofibroblast development: Partial smooth muscle differentiation of a fibroblastic cell Activation of a stellate cell (e.g. hepatic Ito cells or pancreatic stellate cells). (wikipedia.org)
Perhaps the most studied pathway of myofibroblast formation is TGF-beta1 dependent differentiation from fibroblast cells. (wikipedia.org)
Several regulators of the myofibroblast differentiation pathway have been described, including hyaluronan and CD44 co-receptor activation of EGFR. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, nintedanib prevented HTF myofibroblast differentiation via downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA and Snail. (molvis.org)
Subconjunctival fibrosis is mediated by the activities of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs), which initiate myofibroblast differentiation upon stimulation by many fibrogenic factors. (molvis.org)
This study hypothesizes that enhanced intestinal permeability may aggravate orbital inflammation and, thus, increase myofibroblast differentiation and the degree of fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
The purpose of this study was to determine the acute and long-term effects of mitomycin C (MMC) on quiescent rabbit corneal keratocytes regarding cell proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation and DNA repair. (molvis.org)
MMC significantly blocked TGFβ-induced cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation in cultured quiescent keratocytes and altered the transcriptional regulation of macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). (molvis.org)
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TGF-beta plays a key role in the loss of normal endothelial differentiation, abnormal extracellular matrix synthesis, and myofibroblast transformation, which can induce development of PCLs. (arvojournals.org)
Among cardiac macrophage subtypes, WWP2 dysfunction primarily affects Ly6c high monocytes via modulating Ccl5, and consequentially macrophage infiltration and activation, which contributes to reduced myofibroblast trans -differentiation. (nature.com)
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We used genetic fate-tracing, time-course single-cell RNA sequencing and ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing) experiments in mice, and spatial transcriptomics in human kidney fibrosis, to shed light on the cellular origins and differentiation of human kidney myofibroblasts and their precursors at high resolution. (eur.nl)
Increasing concentrations of KGluc also inhibited differentiation into myofibroblasts, suggesting that local KGluc treatment might reduce fibrosis. (njit.edu)
Additionally, sub-acute Ang conditioning increased cell size and promoted trans-differentiation into myofibroblasts. (unifi.it)
Senescent cells supply beneficial growth factors which promote myofibroblast differentiation. (jax.org)
Based on these findings, the Campisi team proposes that PDGF-AA derived from senescent cells stimulates local myofibroblast differentiation, allowing for greater contractility and more efficient wound closure. (jax.org)
The chemokine CCL1 triggers an AMFR-SPRY1 pathway that promotes differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and drives pulmonary fibrosis. (bvsalud.org)

After healing is complete, these cells are lost through apoptosis and it has been suggested that in several fibrotic diseases (for example liver cirrhosis, kidney fibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis) that this mechanism fails to work, leading to persistence of the myofibroblasts, and consequently expansion of the extracellular matrix (fibrosis) with contraction. (wikipedia.org)
Myofibroblasts mediate fibrosis, and are characterized by hypersynthesis of collagens, decreased migration, and increased α-smooth muscle actin, which is incorporated into stress fibers, imparting contractility. (umanitoba.ca)
Thus, Scleraxis is a specific mechanoresponsive regulator of the myofibroblast, representing a novel target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. (umanitoba.ca)
Thus, a paracrine communication between circulating monocytes and resident renal myofibroblasts may drive fibrosis. (wustl.edu)
Single-cell RNA sequencing also confirmed that the majority of kidney myofibroblasts responsible for fibrosis are of resident kidney origin. (wustl.edu)
Read the full article, Parabiosis and single-cell RNA sequencing reveal a limited contribution of monocytes to myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis , here . (wustl.edu)
This analysis enabled us to map all matrix-producing cells at high resolution, and to identify distinct subpopulations of pericytes and fibroblasts as the main cellular sources of scar-forming myofibroblasts during human kidney fibrosis. (eur.nl)
Finally, we used this strategy to detect potential therapeutic targets, and identified NKD2 as a myofibroblast-specific target in human kidney fibrosis. (eur.nl)
Myofibroblasts are a main cell-type of collagen-producing cells during tissue fibrosis, but their origins remains controversial. (oncotarget.com)
While bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts in renal fibrosis has been reported, the cell origin and mechanisms regulating their transition into myofibroblasts remain undefined. (oncotarget.com)
The principal cell type responsible for increased deposition of fibrillar collagen during active tissue fibrosis are myofibroblasts - a subset of activated fibroblasts characterized by expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) [ 2 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Instead of activating a genetic program that reprograms fibroblasts and endothelial cells to support regeneration, they now form myofibroblasts in injured tissue - the very cells that are thought to be responsible for fibrosis in humans. (mpg.de)
Altogether, these findings demonstrate that Ang induces a fate shift of hSCs into myofibroblasts and provide a basis to support a benefit of RAS and TRPC channel blockade to oppose muscle fibrosis. (unifi.it)
Cardiac fibrosis is regulated by the activation and phenotypic switching of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to active myofibroblasts, which have extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and contractile functions which play a central role in cardiac remodeling in response to injury. (harvard.edu)
We hypothesized that microvascular pericytes constitute a cellular link between microvascular damage and fibrosis by transdifferentiating into myofibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations suggest that the presence of myofibroblasts may represent a transitional phase during the fibrotic stages of dcSSc and that Thy-1 +ve pericytes participate in the fibrogenic development of dcSSc by synthesizing ED-A FN, which may be associated with a proliferation and transition of pericytes and fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, thus linking microvascular damage and fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Myofibroblast is regarded as a primary effector cell which is highly synthetic for collagen and lead to extensive fibrosis in lung. (bmj.com)
The trend analysis of different sources of myofibroblast during silicosis indicates that fibrocyte and lung type II epithelial cell derived myofibroblast play an important role at the early stage of silicosis (week 1 to week 3), while resident lung fibroblast-derived myofibroblast mainly do a predominant role during fibrosis formative period (week 6 to week 12). (bmj.com)
This literature review is about mechanism of mesothelial -mesenchymal transition (MMT), myofibroblasts and its origin hypothesis, clock genes and their cross relation with organ fibrosis. (ukessays.com)

Among these, the EDA isoform of fibronectin (EDA-FN), and collagen type I (COL1A1/COL1A2) are typical markers of myofibroblast-dependent synthesis of pro-fibrotic extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
Pharmacologic inhibition of p38 abrogates TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation, reduces extracellular matrix protein expression and HTF proliferation, and may therefore serve to inhibit scarring after glaucoma surgery. (nih.gov)
The subsequent translocation of bacterial compounds to the systemic circulation may aggravate inflammatory processes within the orbital tissue and, as a consequence, augment the proportion of activated myofibroblasts, which actively secrete extracellular matrix leading to retro-orbital tissue expansion. (frontiersin.org)
RESULTS: Organ culture in TGF-beta1, beta2, or beta3 induced myofibroblast transformation of corneal endothelial cells, with formation of stress fibers containing alpha-SM actin, loss of normal pericellular ZO-1 organization, development of extracellular fibronectin fibrils, and formation of focal contacts as indicated by punctate vinculin staining. (arvojournals.org)
Changes in the extracellular matrix and the presence of myofibroblasts appear to influence the processes of invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors that characterize the oral. (bvsalud.org)

Serum and bFGF each stimulated proliferation significantly, without inducing myofibroblast transformation. (arvojournals.org)
A combination of TGF-beta1 and bFGF resulted in both myofibroblast transformation and increased proliferation. (arvojournals.org)
Active proliferation of myofibroblasts and infiltrating cells was also detected. (biomedcentral.com)
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that MALPs acquire proliferation and myofibroblast features shortly after radiation. (jci.org)
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) signaling is crucial for alveolar myofibroblast (MYF) proliferation and its deficiency is associated with risk of BPD, but posttranscriptional mechanisms regulating PDGFRα synthesis during lung development remain largely unexplored. (tmu.edu.tw)

Myofibroblast expression in stromal cells. (bioinbrief.com)

A myofibroblast is a cell phenotype that was first described as being in a state between a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell. (wikipedia.org)
Previous studies suggest that formation of PCLs can result from transformation of endothelial cells to a proliferative myofibroblast phenotype. (arvojournals.org)
Scleraxis is a transcriptional regulator of collagen-rich tissues, increased in response to the same stimuli that drive the myofibroblast phenotype, such as cyclic stretch. (umanitoba.ca)
Myofibroblasts are a differentiated cell type with a phenotype between a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell. (arigobio.cn)

Myofibroblasts can contract by using smooth muscle type actin-myosin complex, rich in a form of actin called alpha-smooth muscle actin. (wikipedia.org)
By combining in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry, alpha 1(III) mRNA expression was colocalized to cells that labeled for alpha-smooth muscle actin identifying them as myofibroblasts. (nih.gov)
TGF-beta-induced mRNA expression of collagen Ialpha1, fibronectin, and the myofibroblast transdifferentiation marker alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. (nih.gov)
Although the alpha smooth muscle actin has suggested the presence of myofibroblasts in the stroma of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, ultrastructural analysis did not confirm this result. (bvsalud.org)
Like pericytes, myofibroblasts express alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and are strongly associated with fibrotic tissue [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Radiation activated mTOR signaling in MALPs that is essential for their myofibroblast conversion and subsequent bone marrow recovery at day 14. (jci.org)
In particular, there is a question as to whether circulating hematopoietic or mesenchymal cells derived from bone marrow contribute to the pool of resident renal myofibroblasts. (wustl.edu)
In the present study, cell lineage tracing studies by adoptive transfer of GFP+ or dye-labelled macrophages identified that monocyte/macrophages from bone marrow can give rise to myofibroblasts via the process of macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) in a mouse model of unilateral ureteric obstruction. (oncotarget.com)

A three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel contraction assay demonstrated that nintedanib effectively inhibits myofibroblast contraction induced by TGF-β1. (molvis.org)
We show that Scleraxis mediates the conversion of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, by increasing myofibroblast marker expression and contraction, and decreasing migration. (umanitoba.ca)
Pharmacological inhibition of HuR significantly blunts the TGFβ-dependent increase in ECM remodeling genes, total collagen secretion, in vitro scratch closure, and collagen gel contraction in isolated primary cardiac fibroblasts, suggesting a suppression of TGFβ-induced myofibroblast activation upon HuR inhibition. (harvard.edu)
Finally, addition of exogenous recombinant Wisp1 partially rescued myofibroblast-induced collagen gel contraction following HuR inhibition, demonstrating that HuR-dependent Wisp1 expression plays a functional role in HuR-dependent MF activity downstream of TGFβ. (harvard.edu)

The objective was to investigate the presence of myofibroblasts in front of invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of mouth, through transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical markers. (bvsalud.org)
Using α-smooth muscle actin, the ED-A splice variant of fibronectin (ED-A FN) and Thy-1 to identify myofibroblasts, we demonstrated the presence of myofibroblasts in fibrotic dcSSc skin. (biomedcentral.com)

The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation of human tenon fibroblasts (HTFs) was investigated to identify potential pharmacologic targets for the inhibition of scarring after glaucoma surgery. (nih.gov)
N23Ps suppressed myofibroblast transdifferentiation, ECM deposition, cellular. (lu.se)
N23Ps suppressed myofibroblast transdifferentiation, ECM deposition, cellular contractility, and altered cell shapes, thus advocating a unique mode of action. (lu.se)

Failure of the local myofibroblast population to undergo apoptosis has been postulated as a mechanism whereby an acute wound response can become a chronic fibrotic disorder [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the presence of cell-type myofibroblasts in tumor stroma. (bvsalud.org)
Besides, myofibroblasts are a key component of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) which are involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. (arigobio.cn)
myofibroblasts regulate tumor development positively or negatively. (bioinbrief.com)
Immunohistochemical techniques Since there is no myofibroblast-specific immunocytochemical marker, characterization of human tumor-associated myofibroblasts is based on a combination of positive markers such as vimentin and -SMA. (bioinbrief.com)
IMT is a rare cancer characterized by a solid tumor composed of inflammatory cells and cells called myofibroblasts that are important in wound healing. (medlineplus.gov)

Pericytes and renal mesangial cells are some examples of modified myofibroblast-like cells. (wikipedia.org)
There was a twofold increase in renal cortical alpha 1 (III) mRNA expression coincident with the onset of tubulointerstitial myofibroblasts infiltration in rats with PAN nephrosis beginning on day 6, which increased to a fivefold difference by day 10. (nih.gov)
There were 60.8 +/- 40.3 myofibroblast/mm2 within the renal tubulointerstitium of rats with PAN nephrosis on day 6 that peaked at 240.2 +/- 11.1 myofibroblast/mm2 on day 14, which then declined to 43.7 +/- 9.8 myofibroblast/mm2 by day 21. (nih.gov)
The group used two approaches to determine the source of the renal myofibroblasts. (wustl.edu)

To understand how senescent cells promote repair, the Campisi team surveyed wound sites in GCV-treated p16-3MR mice and found fewer endothelial cells and fibroblasts, including myofibroblasts, which are contractile cells responsible for wound closure. (jax.org)

Myofibroblasts usually stain for the intermediate filament vimentin, which is a general mesenchymal marker, α-smooth muscle actin (human gene = ACTA2), and for palladin, which is a cytoskeletal actin scaffold protein. (wikipedia.org)
Our work indicates that there are indeed some circulating cells that acquire expression of the myofibroblast marker ACTA2 in fibrotic kidneys," says first author Dr. Kramann, Professor of Medicine and Chair of Nephro-Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University. (wustl.edu)

Myofibroblasts are contractile web-like fusiform cells that are identifiable by their expression of α-smooth muscle actin within their cytoplasmic stress fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Single cell gene expression profiling and subsequent analysis of MT3-derived CAFs resulted in the identification of three CAF subpopulations including a myofibroblast subpopulation that expressed high levels of smooth muscle actin ( Acta2 ), which was also observed in both human samples. (aacrjournals.org)

Myofibroblasts were first identified in granulation tissue during skin wound healing. (wikipedia.org)
Interestingly, PDGF-AA applied topically to GCV-treated mice increased myofibroblast numbers and rescued wound closure rates. (jax.org)

Of potential significance in fibrotic diseases is the phenotypic similarity between pericytes and myofibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)

Similarly, in wounds that fail to resolve and become keloids or hypertrophic scars, myofibroblasts may persist, rather than disappearing by apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)

Differentiated myofibroblasts can be distinguished from normal fibroblasts by the expression of α-SMA and the ED-A splice variant of fibronectin (ED-A FN). (biomedcentral.com)

Previously it has been shown that Wnt5a inhibition suppressed gastric cancer metastasis, therefore further validation of the role of myofibroblast-derived Wnt5a on PDAC disease progression is warranted. (aacrjournals.org)

Interestingly, the major site of alpha 1(III) mRNA expression shifted to tubuloepithelial cells with the waning of myofibroblast infiltration on day 21. (nih.gov)
The influx of macrophages and accumulation of T-cells and myofibroblast were quantified in orbital connective tissue. (frontiersin.org)
While myofibroblasts are known to be the cells that secrete the scar matrix, their origin has been the subject of intense discussion. (wustl.edu)
They secrete many inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that they do not directly contribute to the myofibroblast pool but rather activate resident mesenchymal cells via proinflammatory stimuli. (wustl.edu)
The MMT cells were a major source of collagen-producing fibroblasts in the fibrosing kidney, accounting for more than 60% of α-SMA+ myofibroblasts. (oncotarget.com)
In contrast to humans, zebrafish hardly activate scar-forming cells, the so-called myofibroblasts (left figure). (mpg.de)
Fibroblasts, particularly myofibroblasts, affect the malignant progression of cancer cells (7C9). (bioinbrief.com)
Mediates heparin- and divalent cation-dependent cell adhesion in many cell types including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. (joplink.net)
Postnatal alveolar development is characterized by the expansion of epithelial cells lining primitive saccules and the formation of secondary septa by alveolar myofibroblasts (MYFs). (biomedcentral.com)
Meanwhile, fibrocyte and lung type II epithelial cells contribute 15%˜35% and 9%˜21% of myofibroblasts, respectively. (bmj.com)
These and adjacent cells proliferate, becoming contractile cells termed myofibroblasts. (msdmanuals.com)

Macrophage-conditioned media was collected and applied to cultures of human pulmonary fibroblast line WI38-VA13 to induce myofibroblast transformation. (cdc.gov)

Myofibroblasts expression is significantly raised in OSMF patients. (opendentistryjournal.com)
KGluc treatment significantly reduced the number of myofibroblasts within the dermis while upregulated blood vessel density with respect to unloaded hydrogels, likely a result of disruption of TGFβ1 signaling. (njit.edu)

Hence, we suggest that myofibroblasts could be assessed as markers for analyzing the progression of OSMF. (opendentistryjournal.com)

Furthermore, HTFs turn into myofibroblasts with contractile properties leading to ECM shrinkage, which contributes to scar formation. (molvis.org)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of myofibroblasts (MF) in normal mucosa and different grades of OSMF. (opendentistryjournal.com)
In OSMF patients, irrespective of the grade, the expression of myofibroblast was strong in 28.33 percent of the patients, while it was moderate and weak in 30.00 percent and 40.00 percent of the patients, respectively. (opendentistryjournal.com)
Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the significance of myofibroblast expression in gastric carcinomas. (bioinbrief.com)
Myofibroblast expression was considered positive when scores were 2+, and negative when scores were 1+ (Fig. 1). (bioinbrief.com)
Here, we show that expression and activity of the RNA binding protein HuR is increased in cardiac fibroblasts upon transformation to an active myofibroblast. (harvard.edu)
ED-A FN expression precedes the appearance of α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts and is considered a crucial factor in promoting the formation of myofibroblasts [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Fibrogenic particulates induced high levels of IL-1beta mRNA expression and protein secretion that are required for macrophage-guided myofibroblast transformation. (cdc.gov)

Myofibroblast transformation of cat corneal endothelium by transforming growth factor-beta1, -beta2, and -beta3. (arvojournals.org)

These fibrocytes differentiate into myofibroblasts or adipocytes. (medscape.com)
Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were performed to detect number of fibrocytes and contribution to myofibroblasts. (bmj.com)

We used a combination of immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence labelling of frozen skin biopsies taken from normal and dcSSc patients to determine whether a phenotypic link between pericytes and myofibroblasts exists in dcSSc. (biomedcentral.com)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of nintedanib on the conversion of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) into myofibroblasts and reveal the molecular mechanisms involved. (molvis.org)

To identify the local biosynthetic site for IL-6 in human pancreas, we investigated IL-6 secretion in human pancreatic periacinar myofibroblasts. (aai.org)

Immunohistochemical analysis revealed myofibroblasts as a major component of neointima. (biomedcentral.com)

Multi-walled and single-walled CNTs (MWCNTs and SWCNTs, respectively) and silica, but not CB, stimulated robust myofibroblast transformation through macrophage-conditioned media. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, fibrogenic CNTs and silica, but not CB, elicit robust macrophage-guided myofibroblast transformation, which depends on the induction of IL-1beta through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and the increased production of ROS in macrophages. (cdc.gov)

Fibrocyte is one source of myofibroblast and proved to play a pivotal role in lung fibrogenesis, but whether fibrocyte participates in the process of silicosis is rarely reported. (bmj.com)

In conclusion, pancreatic periacinar myofibroblasts secreted a large amount of IL-6 in response to proinflammatory cytokines. (aai.org)

Anatomy42

Organisms7

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs39

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes20

Disciplines and Occupations1

Differentiation18

Fibrosis19

Extracellular5

Proliferation5

Stromal1

Phenotype4

Alpha-smooth muscl5

Bone marrow3

Contraction4

Presence of myofibroblasts2

Transdifferentiation3

Local myofibroblast1

Tumor5

Renal4

Endothelial cells1

Marker2

Actin2

Wound2

Fibrotic1

Apoptosis1

Fibronectin1

Metastasis1

Cells11

Pulmonary1

Significantly2

Progression1

Contributes1

Expression7

Corneal1

Fibrocytes2

Immunohistochemistry1

HTFs1

Secretion1

Immunohistochemical1

Transformation2

Lung1

Conclusion1