• Under NE binding alpha-1 receptors cause vasoconstriction (contraction of the vascular smooth muscle cells decreasing the diameter of the vessels). (wikipedia.org)
  • Agonism of beta-2 receptors causes vasodilation and low blood pressure (i.e. the effect is opposite of the one resulting from activation of alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors in the vascular smooth muscle cells). (wikipedia.org)
  • Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to the progression of pathological conditions, such as vascular inflammation, plaque formation, atherosclerosis, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies have shown that the majority of cells within atherosclerotic plaque, the predominant cause of heart attack and stroke, are vascular smooth muscle cell derived. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by oxidative injury is one of the main features in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Atherosclerosis occurs earlier and with greater severity in the population with diabetes [ 1 - 3 ] and is characterized pathologically by endothelial cell injury, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and thickening of intima [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, the effects of JTE-013, a specific antagonist of the migration-inhibitory receptor EDG-5, on Sph-1-P-elicited responses were examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which expressed EDG-5 protein weakly and abundantly, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Our results indicate that specific regulation of Sph-1-P-modulated migration responses in vascular cells can be achieved by EDG-5 antagonists and that manipulation of Sph-1-P biological activities by each EDG antagonist may lead to a therapeutical application to control vascular diseases. (nih.gov)
  • The goal of this study was to use mice expressing human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) on α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)(+) cells as recipients of allogeneic aortas to gain insights into the cellular mechanisms of intimal hyperplasia (IH). (nih.gov)
  • The mechanism of how the calcification signal from endothelial cells is transmitted to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unknown. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Investigating the biomechanical role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in arteries requires knowledge of their structural distributions. (atlantis-press.com)
  • Human diabetes is associated with hyperreactivity of vascular smooth muscle cells due to altered subcellular Ca2+ distribution. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In contrast, subplasmalemmal Ca2+ response, which favors smooth muscle relaxation caused by activation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels, was reduced by 38% in diabetic patients as compared with control subjects, indicating a significant change in the subcellular Ca2+ distribution in vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetic patients. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In contrast to the altered Ca2+ signaling found in freshly isolated cells from diabetic patients, in cultured smooth muscle cells isolated from control subjects and diabetic patients, no difference in the intracellular Ca2+ signaling to stimulation with either K+ or NE was found. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Incubation of freshly isolated smooth muscle cells from control subjects with the *O2- -generating system xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine mimicked the effect of diabetic patients on subcellular Ca2+ distribution in a superoxide dismutase-sensitive manner. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Ghorbel MT, Jia H, Swim MM, Iacobazzi D, Albertario A, Zebele C, Holopherne-Doran D, Hollander A, Madeddu P, Caputo M. Reconstruction of the pulmonary artery by a novel biodegradable conduit engineered with perinatal stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells enables physiological vascular growth in a large animal model of congenital heart disease. (rush.edu)
  • Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) dedifferentiate and initiate expression of macrophage markers with cholesterol exposure. (heart.org)
  • These experiments were designed to test whether zoledronic acid (ZA) would modulate indices of human smooth muscle cell activation, exert differential effects on proliferating versus quiescent cells, and determine whether these effects were dependent on GTPase binding proteins prenylation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Methods: Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were cultured under either proliferating or growth arrest (quiescent) conditions in the presence or absence of ZA for 48 hours, whereupon the effect of ZA on HASMC proliferation, cellular viability, metabolic activity, and membrane integrity were compared. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Developmental arteriogenesis and adult vascular remodeling require smooth muscle cells (SMCs). (yu.edu)
  • Altogether, our developmental and adult mouse studies show that beta-catenin signaling function, especially that mediated by its C-terminal domain, promotes proliferation and survival of vascular SMCs in vivo, in part by repressing p53 activity in these cells. (yu.edu)
  • Recent studies have pointed to a mechanoprotective role of YAP and TAZ in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). (jci.org)
  • We have investigated the cytotoxic effects of RCM on human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and their effect on the growth of these cells. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Functional vascular smooth muscle-like cells derived from adult mouse uterine mesothelial cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In mammalian visceral organs, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) originate from an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of embryonic mesothelial cells (MCs). (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, it remains unknown whether adult MCs-derived SM-like cells may acquire specific vascular SM lineage markers and the functionality of differentiated contractile VSMCs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • An Aβ clearance receptor, the low-density lipoprotein receptorrelated protein 1 (LRP1), is abundantly expressed in cerebrovasculature, in particular in vascular smooth muscle cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that Aβ can be cleared locally in the cerebrovasculature by an LRP1-dependent endocytic pathway in smooth muscle cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The uptake and degradation of both endogenous and exogenousAβ were significantly reduced in LRP1-suppressed human brain vascular smooth muscle cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thrombin is a potent mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Signaling mechanisms of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells. (meharryresearch.org)
  • In the present study, we have evaluated this reciprocal relationship by examining the impact of c-Ha-ras(EJ) oncogene transfection on α-smooth muscle (SM) actin and α 18 -adrenoceptor (ADR) gene expression in vascular (aortic) smooth muscle cells (SMCs). (houstonmethodist.org)
  • Within vascular smooth muscle cells, smooth muscle α-2 actin forms the core of structures called sarcomeres, which are necessary for muscles to contract. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mast cells secrete histamine that inhibits vasoconstriction via H2 receptors on smooth muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
  • These agents interfere with calcium uptake by smooth muscle cells that are dependent on intracellular calcium for contraction. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, loss of beta-catenin in vascular SMCs decreased the expression of a set of pro-migration/invasion genes. (yu.edu)
  • RNA sequencing, proteomics, and myography demonstrated decreased contractile differentiation of SMCs and impaired vascular contractility. (jci.org)
  • These results demonstrate that c-Ha-ras(EJ) transfection is associated with alterations in the expression of genes associated with muscle-specific functions in vascular SMCs and implicate c-Ha-ras in the regulation of phenotypic expression in SMCs. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • BALB/c aortas (H-2(d)) transplanted into α-TFPI-transgenic (Tg) mice (H-2(b)) regenerated a quiescent endothelium in contrast to progressive IH seen in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice even though both developed aggressive anti-H-2(d) alloresponses, indicating similar vascular injuries. (nih.gov)
  • Damage to the endothelium results in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In rings from uterine arteries, smooth muscle sensitivity to K+, norepinephrine (NE), and phenylephrine (PE) was enhanced by 1.4-, 2.3-, and 9.7-fold, respectively, and endothelium-dependent relaxation was reduced by 64% in diabetic patients, as compared with control subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The present study investigated the effects of PQS on the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Arteries have a great deal more smooth muscle within their walls than veins, thus their greater wall thickness. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results show that in mesenteric arteries an intact cytoskeleton and force development are not prerequisites for G-protein-coupled receptor-induced activation of PYK2 and paxillin, by tyrosine phosphorylation, in vascular tissue, but are necessary for the translocation of PYK2 and paxillin to the membrane. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Repeated injury and smooth muscle remodeling in resistance arteries is expected to thicken the vessel wall and narrow the lumen and reduce blood flow. (cdc.gov)
  • l -Citrulline (10 −8 M) significantly decreased rat aortic (A10 cell line) vascular smooth muscle proliferation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Cations stimulated aortic muscle membrane aggregation with increasing potency according to their effective charge, e.g. (mcmaster.ca)
  • A spectral analysis approach was developed for detailed study of time-resolved, dynamic changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) elasticity and adhesion to identify differences in VSMC from young and aged monkeys. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation play key roles in the development and the progression of vascular remodeling such as transplant arteriosclerosis and restenosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It also significantly improves vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) survival and resistance to apoptosis in serum‐free conditions. (etsmtl.ca)
  • These thyroid hormones dose dependently relaxed vascular strips previously contracted with 50 mM KCl in the presence of phentolamine (1 microM), propranolol (1 microM), and atropine (0.3 microM), and the order of the inhibitory potency was l-T4 greater than d-T4 greater than l-T3 greater than d-T3 for the contraction. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The l-T4 (10 and 30 microM) showed noncompetitive antagonism against the Ca2+-induced contraction in the high K+-depolarized vascular strips. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Inhibits transmembrane influx of calcium ions into smooth muscle, which, in turn, inhibits contraction of the muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
  • Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to change both the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). (wikipedia.org)
  • Precontracted vascular smooth muscle (VSM) relaxes when irradiated with visible or UV light. (uhi.ac.uk)
  • Medicinal plant rosemary relaxes blood vessels by activating vascular smooth muscle KCNQ channels. (bvsalud.org)
  • Relaxes vascular smooth muscle by stimulating intracellular cyclic GMP. (medscape.com)
  • The ability of adult MCs to recapitulate EMT and to acquire smooth muscle (SM) markers upon provasculogenic culture suggested they might retain embryonic vasculogenic differentiation potential. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Vascular calcification is commonly observed in chronic kidney disease. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Ren SC, Mao N, Yi S, Ma X, Zou JQ, Tang X and Fan JM: Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: An update and perspective. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Nelson AJ, Raggi P, Wolf M, Gold AM, Chertow GM and Roe MT: Targeting vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Yamada S and Giachelli CM: Vascular calcification in CKD-MBD: Roles for phosphate, FGF23, and Klotho. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, the role and mechanism of PQS in vascular calcification are not unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the underlying mechanisms of vascular calcification have not been established. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a classic oxidant stressor that promotes vascular cell calcification by increasing the expression of the osteogenic transcription factor runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zhu K, Reiser J. ALKBH1 reduces DNA N6-methyladenine to allow for vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. (rush.edu)
  • Moreover, after a 16-week duration of diabetes, Pggt1b Δ / Δ mice exhibited lower α -smooth muscle actin ( α -SMA) and nitrotyrosine level, Rac1 activity, p47phox and NOXO1 expression, and phospho-ERK1/2 and phosphor-JNK content than wild-type mice. (hindawi.com)
  • Ohanian, V, Gatfield, K & Ohanian, J 2005, ' Role of the actin cytoskeleton in G-protein-coupled receptor activation of PYK2 and paxillin in vascular smooth muscle ', Hypertension , vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 93-99. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • OBJECTIVE: To investigate a role for the actin-binding protein thymosin β4 (Tβ4), previously shown to be proangiogenic, in mural cell development and vascular wall stability. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a therapeutic target. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this work, we investigated the effect of l -citrulline on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These findings suggest that l -citrulline decreases vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in the A10 cell line by acting on DNA synthesis by mechanisms that involve the ANP receptor. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Therefore, smooth muscle and endothelial cell function were assessed in 20 patients with diabetes and compared with 41 age-matched control subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We conclude that in diabetic subjects, smooth muscle reactivity is increased because of changes in subcellular Ca2+ distribution on cell activation. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Cell death-associated ADAMTS4 and versican degradation in vascular tissue. (rush.edu)
  • Electron micrograph of human omental vein showing longitudinal section of a sympathetic nerve axon containing neurotubules ( n ) in parallel with a smooth muscle cell ( SMC ) with typical pinocytic vesicles ( pv ). (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • A portion of vascular smooth muscle cell ( sm ) with an axon bundle in the adventitia is shown. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Introduction: The activation of human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, adhesion and migration is essential for intimal hyperplasia formation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • ZA was chosen for testing in these experiments because it is clinically used in humans with cancer, and has been shown to modulate rat smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conditional deletion of Lrp1 in vascular smooth muscle cell in amyloid model APP/PS1 mice accelerated brain Aβ accumulation and exacerbated Aβ deposition as amyloid plaques and CAA without affecting Aβ production. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that LRP1 is a major Aβ clearance receptor in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cell and a disturbance of this pathway contributes toAβ accumulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Essential role for thymosin β4 in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell development and vessel wall stability. (ox.ac.uk)
  • METHODS AND RESULTS: Phenotypic analyses of both global and endothelial-specific loss-of-function Tβ4 mouse models revealed a proportion of Tβ4-null embryos with vascular hemorrhage coincident with a reduction in smooth muscle cell coverage of their developing vessels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Tβ4 is a novel endothelial secreted trophic factor that functions synergistically with TGFβ to regulate mural cell development and vascular wall stability. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels. (rush.edu)
  • Vascular and endothelial functions in RA, TA, MA, and CC were assessed by isolated tissue bath with cumulative doses of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. (deu.edu.tr)
  • Dose-response relationships and concepts in ligand-receptor binding, demonstrated through hands-on courses using isolated ileum, vas deferens and vascular smooth muscle tissue. (adinstruments.com)
  • This contributes to understanding how a vessel wall forms, which has implications for therapeutic and tumor angiogenesis, tissue engineering, and vascular disease. (yu.edu)
  • However, little is known about changes in smooth muscle contractility and the intracellular mechanisms contributing to altered responsiveness of blood vessels of diabetic patients. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • KCNQ4 and KCNQ5 regulate vascular smooth muscle excitability and contractility and are implicated as antihypertensive drug targets. (bvsalud.org)
  • The purpose of the present study as to evaluate the effect of changes in intravascular pressure and the inflammatory mediator bradykinin on rat mesenteric arterial and venous vascular permeability. (bvsalud.org)
  • the abdominal fluid accumulation related to bowel inflammatory disease is more likely to be secondary to venous, as opposed to arterial vascular leakage. (bvsalud.org)
  • WO9843618A2 ] Methods are provided for inhibiting stenosis or restenosis following vascular trauma in a mammalian host, comprising administering to the host a therapeutically effective dosage of a cytostatic agent and/or cytoskeletal inhibitor so as to biologically stent the traumatized vessel. (epo.org)
  • The vascular specificity of Itga8-Cre circumvented gastrointestinal effects. (jci.org)
  • Vascular smooth muscle is innervated primarily by the sympathetic nervous system through adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors). (wikipedia.org)
  • The adrenergic receptors exert opposite physiologic effects in the vascular smooth muscle under activation: alpha-1 receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antagonists of alpha-1 receptors (doxazosin, prazosin) cause vasodilation (a decrease in vascular smooth muscle tone with increase of vessel diameter and decrease of the blood pressure). (wikipedia.org)
  • This presynaptic effect is predominant and completely overrides the vasoconstrictive effect of the alpha-2 receptors in the vascular smooth muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The oscillatory behavior suggests that mechanisms governing elasticity and adhesion are coupled and affected differentially during aging, which may link these events to changes in vascular stiffness. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Although the concentrations of l-T4 used in this study are high, relative to circulating physiological levels, thyroid hormones act directly at the blood vessel wall to cause inhibition of the contractile process in vascular smooth muscle in vitro. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Vascular permeability to dextran was determined at 100, 200 and 300 % of physiological pressures. (bvsalud.org)
  • Co-ordinate down-regulation of smooth muscle-specific genes and acquisition of unregulated proliferative characteristics have been proposed as hallmarks of the atherosclerotic process. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • The thyroid hormones have direct effects on vascular smooth muscle and are potent vasorelaxants. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Although beta-catenin provides essential structural and signaling functions during development and adult homeostasis, its contributions to in vivo SMC activities in vascular assembly and remodeling have not been characterized. (yu.edu)
  • We hypothesized that beta-catenin is an essential modulator of vascular SMC biology in vivo. (yu.edu)
  • RATIONALE: Compromised development of blood vessel walls leads to vascular instability that may predispose to aneurysm with risk of rupture and lethal hemorrhage. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. (bvsalud.org)
  • Düsing P, Zietzer A, Goody PR, Hosen MR, Kurts C, Nickenig G and Jansen F: Vascular pathologies in chronic kidney disease: Pathophysiological mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, in recent years, the research on GGTase1-I in vascular remodeling has been gradually carried out and attracted attention [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Also provided is a method to inhibit or reduce vascular remodeling following vascular trauma, comprising administering an effective amount of a cytoskeletal inhibitor. (epo.org)
  • The majority of uterine smooth muscle tumors occur in the corpus, but the cervix, vaginal canal, broad ligament, and ovaries may also be involved. (medscape.com)
  • Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tone is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alterations of vascular smooth muscle function have been implicated in the development of vascular complications and circulatory dysfunction in diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Thyroid hormones were found to inhibit Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase, and the Ki value for l-T4 was 2.5 microM. (aspetjournals.org)
  • There were 49 cases of smooth muscle tumors: 27 leiomyomas and 22 leiomyosarcomas. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nine thousand seven hundred and seventy histopathologic exams were accomplished during this period and only 64 (0,092%) were diagnosed as smooth muscle tumors, that corresponded to 49 cases, being 27 (55%) leiomyomas e 22 (45%) leiomyossarcomas. (bvsalud.org)
  • From 27 leiomyomas, 21 (78%) were vascular type and only 6 (22%) were solid, no epithelioid was found. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cases of smooth muscle tumors of the oral cavity were also compiled from 1970 to 2010. (bvsalud.org)
  • Smooth muscle tumors are very rare in the oral cavity due to the scarcity of smooth muscle in this region, and arise mainly from tunnica media of blood vessels. (bvsalud.org)