• The outer membrane is porous, whereas the inner membrane restricts the movement of all molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The tafazzin protein is involved in altering a fat (lipid) called cardiolipin, which plays critical roles in the mitochondrial inner membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This protein localizes to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion as a single-pass membrane protein. (nih.gov)
  • They then export some of these proteins as well some mitochondrially-encoded proteins to the inter membrane space, or they insert them into the inner membrane. (tcdb.org)
  • Mitochondria inherited three inner membrane translocases Sec, TAT and Oxa1 (YidC) from its bacterial ancestor. (tcdb.org)
  • Mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane consisting of a mitochondrial matrix, an inner membrane, an intermembrane space, and an outer membrane. (assignmentexpert.com)
  • Next, the mitochondrial inner membrane contains proteins that are the components of the respiratory chain providing the transfer of electron and protons from NADH to oxygen resulting in the formation of H 2 O. Finally, electron transport chain localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane provides the formation of ATP associated with the activity of the ATP-synthetase complex. (assignmentexpert.com)
  • It is part of the m-AAA protease, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ̶ dependent proteolytic complex located at the mitochondrial inner membrane, which controls protein quality and regulates ribosome assembly. (medscape.com)
  • Remarkably, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis through pharmacological inhibition of the Tank binding kinase 1 (TBK1) restores energy homeostasis, mitigates mitochondrial swelling with neuroprotection against acute mitochondrial damage for glaucomatous hRGCs, revealing a novel neuroprotection mechanism. (wms-site.com)
  • ZNF746) was initially identified as a novel co-substrate of parkin and PINK1 that leads to Parkinson's disease (PD) by disrupting mitochondrial biogenesis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) coactivator -1α (PGC-1α) suppression. (nature.com)
  • Since its initial discovery, growing evidence has linked PARIS to defective mitochondrial biogenesis observed in PD pathogenesis. (nature.com)
  • In this respect, the transcriptional repressor PARIS (ZNF746) was identified by our group in 2011 6 among several other co-substrates of PINK1 and parkin as a promising candidate to shed light on possible contributions of a defective mitochondrial biogenesis to PD pathogenesis. (nature.com)
  • In the same paper we also demonstrated that accumulating PARIS acts on PGC-1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, along the NRF1/2-TFAM axis to intervene in mitochondrial biogenesis, and that the transcriptionally inactive PARIS mutant (C571A) lacks repression capacity to induce the phenotype. (nature.com)
  • As a biochemist - cell biologist he works on the biogenesis of iron-sulfur proteins in eukaryotes and on mitochondrial transporters. (hstalks.com)
  • 2005 ). Knock out mutants in the human mitochondrial Oxa1 impairs biogenesis of the F-type ATPase and the NADH dehydrogenase complex I, but not complexes III and IV ( Stiburek et al . (tcdb.org)
  • The TOM complex forms two exit sites for precursor proteins-Tom40, Tom7, and the intermembrane space domain of Tom22-promote the transfer of presequence-containing precursors to the TIM23 complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SAM Complex is essential for sorting and assembling beta-barrel proteins from the intermembrane space side into the outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. (athletic.healthcare)
  • At least for those proteins that contain their N-termini in the intermembrane space, export is mediated by the Oxa1p export machinery. (tcdb.org)
  • Chemiosmosis is the process by which the hydrogen ions flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase. (athletic.healthcare)
  • ATP Synthase, a multi-unit protein situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is the only passage for protons back into the mitochondrial matrix. (khanacademy.org)
  • In addition to ATP Synthase, researchers recently discovered another protein channel situated in the inner mitochondrial matrix that allows the passage of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix. (khanacademy.org)
  • They named these channels "uncoupling proteins" (UCPs) because they do not have any enzymatic activity to catalyze the production of ATP and therefore allow protons to flow down their gradient back into the mitochondrial matrix without utilizing this energy for the synthesis of ATP. (khanacademy.org)
  • Ageing leads to a gradual dysfunction of the proteostasis network and thus to proteome instability due to accumulation of damaged and/or misfolded proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction has also been associated with ageing and most of the so-called age-related diseases [ 13 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Accumulating molecular evidence suggests a general involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the underlying molecular mechanism of PD but the mechanistic underpinnings of this link are poorly defined. (nature.com)
  • One of the underlying mechanisms of long COVID may be mitochondrial dysfunction. (mdpi.com)
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • If the oxidative stress is severe, mitochondrial dysfunction and energy failure can occur, which in turn can lead to fatigue and chronic diseases. (onedaymd.com)
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is the second process that leads to HSPs. (medscape.com)
  • The outer membrane consists of two types of integral proteins, including proteins with transmembrane β-barrel and proteins with one or more α-helical membrane anchors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The β-barrel of Sam50 is the functional domain that inserts and folds substrate proteins into the outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • VDAC (voltage-dependent anion ion channel) is important for the exchange of small hydrophilic ions and metabolites with the cytosol, which is driven by the gradient concentration across the outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • VDAC is the most abundant protein in the outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • VDAC plays a crucial role in facilitating energy metabolism by transporting ADP and ATP in and out of the outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The import pathways of α-helical membrane anchors or signal-anchored proteins are carried out mainly by outer membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • With about 10 000 copies per cell the voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are the most abundant proteins of the mitochondrial outer membrane and are known to be involved in mitochondrial processes such as ATP-, calcium or ROS-transport. (uni-marburg.de)
  • The flow of electrons eventually combine with oxygen to form water, but this flow of electrons is also coupled to the energy-requiring process of pumping protons from the inner mitochondrial matrix to the inter-membrane space. (khanacademy.org)
  • AIMS: To review the role played by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in different physiological and pathological processes. (lu.se)
  • This being the case, the action would be mediated by the permeability of its membranes, through the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and would involve phenomena such as the dissipation of the mitochondrial electrochemical potential and the release of substances from within it. (lu.se)
  • HIF-1 reduces ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the heart by targeting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We investigated whether HIF-1α stabilization protects the heart against acute IRI by preventing the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and the potential mechanisms involved. (ox.ac.uk)
  • There are 53 discovered human mitochondrial membrane transporters, with many others that are known to still need discovered. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondrial steroidogenic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, such as P450 side-chain cleavage, rely on electron transfer from the redox partner ferredoxin (FDX1) for catalytic activity. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • It is a cytochrome protein that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM. (lookformedical.com)
  • A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron transfer unit associated with the cytochrome chain. (lookformedical.com)
  • Moreover, mitochondrial fusion also regulates the release of cytochrome C during apoptosis. (jhmi.edu)
  • Since the (re)discovery of cytochrome c (cyt c) in the early 1920s and subsequent detailed characterization of its structure and function in mitochondrial electron transport, it took over 70 years to realize that cyt c plays a different, not less universal role in programmed cell death, apoptosis, by interacting with several proteins and forming apoptosomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Originally discovered as a chief regulatory protein of glucose and lipid metabolism and cell differentiation, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily 8 . (nature.com)
  • Involvement of the vitamin D receptor in energy metabolism: regulation of uncoupling proteins. (uchicago.edu)
  • New members of uncoupling protein family implicated in energy metabolism. (uchicago.edu)
  • Moreover, modulation of the proteins involved in cellular metal homeostasis may help in the regulation of metabolism, adaptability to a diverse range of environmental conditions, and biofortification. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review progress in the understanding of different subcellular metal transport components in plants and discuss the prospects of regulating cellular metabolism and strategies to develop biofortified crop plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Treatment of HL-1 cardiac cells with GSK360A stabilized HIF-1, increased the expression of HIF-1 target genes pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK1) and hexokinase II (HKII), and reprogrammed cell metabolism to aerobic glycolysis, thereby resulting in the production of less mitochondrial oxidative stress during IRI, and less MPTP opening, effects which were shown to be dependent on HKII. (ox.ac.uk)
  • B[a]P caused enhanced metabolism of each dye assessed despite reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential and was reversed by 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN)-a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
  • These results demonstrate differential sensitivity of standard cytotoxicity assessments on the PPP, thus (1) decoupling 'mitochondrial activity' as an interpretation of cellular formazan and Alamar Blue metabolism, and (2) demonstrating the implicit requirement for investigators to sufficiently verify interaction of these methods in routine cytotoxicity and proliferation characterization. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings were further confirmed when HIF-1 stabilization in the rat and murine heart resulted in smaller myocardial infarct sizes (both in vivo and ex vivo), decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and inhibited MPTP opening following IRI, effects which were also found to be dependent on HKII. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that acute HIF-1α stabilization using either a pharmacological or genetic approach protected the heart against acute IRI by promoting aerobic glycolysis, decreasing mitochondrial oxidative stress, activating HKII, and inhibiting MPTP opening. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, harmful stimuli (such as ischemia-reperfusion, oxidative stress, and toxic chemicals) can change the direction and efficiency of intercellular mitochondrial transfer. (frontiersin.org)
  • By addressing these three factors, you can significantly reduce oxidative stress and improve your mitochondrial function. (onedaymd.com)
  • Stored iron in your tissues is incredibly damaging to your health as it promotes oxidative stress that can damage your mitochondrial DNA, cell membranes and electron transport proteins. (onedaymd.com)
  • They serve to transport molecules and other factors, such as ions, into or out of the organelles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enzymes and other proteins use ATP to power reactions, maintain ion gradients across membranes, contract muscle fibers, and transport molecules across cellular membranes. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Briefly, electrons from energy-rich molecules like glucose and fatty acids are transported to the inner mitochondrial membrane, which contains specialized proteins that can receive and donate electrons to the next electron acceptor in the chain. (khanacademy.org)
  • However, a glaucomatous Optineurin mutant (E50K) hRGCs show high ATP production rate with fewer mitochondrion compared to the wild-type neurons causing mitochondrial swelling and disruption of homeostasis. (wms-site.com)
  • Ferdinando Palmieri mainly investigates Biochemistry, Mitochondrion, Mitochondrial carrier, Transport protein and Inner mitochondrial membrane. (research.com)
  • His Mitochondrion study combines topics from a wide range of disciplines, such as mitochondrial fusion, Molecular biology, Carnitine and Cytosol. (research.com)
  • His main research concerns Biochemistry, Mitochondrion, Mitochondrial carrier, Inner mitochondrial membrane and Molecular biology. (research.com)
  • The Mitochondrion study combines topics in areas such as Chromatography, Membrane transport, Liposome and Cytosol. (research.com)
  • Ferdinando Palmieri spends much of his time researching Biochemistry, Mitochondrial carrier, Mitochondrion, Inner mitochondrial membrane and Cell biology. (research.com)
  • His primary areas of study are Biochemistry, Mitochondrial carrier, Mitochondrion, Inner mitochondrial membrane and Cell biology. (research.com)
  • The mitochondrial matrix, the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion, is a specialized, membrane-bound organelle that is responsible for producing energy in eukaryotic cells. (passemall.com)
  • S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of. (caslab.com)
  • In the case of prokaryotic cells, glycolysis is shrouded in mystery as it takes place in the vast and complex cytoplasm, which lacks the membrane-bound organelles present in eukaryotic cells. (passemall.com)
  • The first few steps of glycolysis occur in the cytoplasm, while the latter steps occur in the mitochondrial matrix. (passemall.com)
  • His studies in Transport protein integrate themes in fields like Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD+ kinase, Membrane transport, Genome and Membrane protein. (research.com)
  • Mitochondrial TAT transports folded proteins in those eukaryotes with TatA and TatC subunits encoded in the mitochondrial genome. (tcdb.org)
  • Students use simple, everyday objects as hydrogen ions and electrons and play the roles of the various proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane to show how this specific process in cellular respiration produces ATP. (bioone.org)
  • These proteins transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen. (athletic.healthcare)
  • In the electron transfer chain, electrons move along a series of proteins to generate an expulsion type force to move hydrogen ions, or protons, across the mitochondrial membrane. (roadlesstraveledstore.com)
  • Question: Oxidation Of NADH And FADH2 In The Electron Transport System Differ In That: Only NADH Involves Transfer Of Electrons From Complex I To Coenzyme Q. What is produced through fermentation that is consumed in glycolysis? (nyxnews.com)
  • The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • Cells require a constant supply of energy to perform vital functions, including nutrient uptake, protein synthesis, DNA replication, and active transport across cell membranes. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Fe participates in cellular respiration, synthesis, and stabilization of chlorophyll, photosynthetic electron transport, and various other metabolic functions ( Grotz and Guerinot, 2006 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Although theymitochondria have circular DNA and protein synthesis apparatus, most of the proteins are encoded by cellular DNA and come from the cytosol. (assignmentexpert.com)
  • However, clinically significant liver injury (eg, with jaundice, abdominal pain, or pruritus) or impaired liver function-ie, resulting in deficient protein synthesis (eg, with prolonged prothrombin time [PT] or with hypoalbuminemia)-is rare. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It mediates fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (researchgate.net)
  • Redox catalysis of plasma membrane PS oxidation constitutes an important redox-dependent function of cyt c in apoptosis and phagocytosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The true molecular nature of the protein is unknown [3] . (chemeurope.com)
  • The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 16,000, contains a single copper atom, is intensively blue, and has a fluorescence emission band centered at 308nm. (lookformedical.com)
  • Molecular diagnosis of infantile mitochondrial disease with targeted next-generation sequencing. (nih.gov)
  • Our laboratory is interested in the molecular mechanisms and physiological roles of mitochondrial fusion. (jhmi.edu)
  • Gentaur AntibodiesOverview: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. (caslab.com)
  • Gentaur AntibodiesOverview: This intronless gene encodes a 70kDa heat shock protein which is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family. (caslab.com)
  • The TAFAZZIN gene provides instructions for making a protein called tafazzin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • TAFAZZIN gene mutations result in the production of tafazzin proteins with little or no function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Altered gene expression of uncoupling protein-2 and -3 in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. (uchicago.edu)
  • Increased adipose expression of the uncoupling protein-3 gene by thiazolidinediones in Wistar fatty rats and in cultured adipocytes. (uchicago.edu)
  • Cloning of rat uncoupling protein-3 and uncoupling protein-2 cDNAs: their gene expression in rats fed high-fat diet. (uchicago.edu)
  • His Biochemistry research focuses on Gene isoform, Yeast, Mitochondrial matrix, Gene and Membrane transport protein. (research.com)
  • His work deals with themes such as Amino acid, Transport protein, Nucleotide, Gene and Stereochemistry, which intersect with Inner mitochondrial membrane. (research.com)
  • Mutations in this gene contribute to mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • Explore our solutions for multiple applications - vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, cell or gene therapy. (vwr.com)
  • A rare type of X-linked HSP, however, has been associated with a myelin protein gene mutation. (medscape.com)
  • The receptor proteins Tom70 and Tom20 recognize incoming precursor proteins, in which Tom70 is responsible for docking of precursors of hydrophobic proteins accompanied by cytosolic chaperones and Tom 20 recognizes precursor proteins of the presequence pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • An interconnected highly integrated system of mitochondrial and cytosolic chaperones and proteases along with the fission/fusion machinery represents the surveillance scaffold of mitostasis. (hindawi.com)
  • If a chemical compound targeting one of these hubs is used, it can not only modify the anticipated biological pathways but also change other unexpected mitochondrial processes ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 2018 ). Through YidC, proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer via the SecYEG-dependent complex, but YidC functions as a chaperone in protein folding processes. (tcdb.org)
  • Selected probe-sets correspond to proteins related with mitochondrial function, nuclear- and cellular-membrane transport, that are processes related with drug resistance. (bmj.com)
  • Uncoupling Protein 3" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications. (research.com)
  • The mitochondrial transporter family SLC25: identification, properties and physiopathology. (research.com)
  • Together with Syntaxin-1A and SNAP25, it forms the core membrane fusion machinery that is responsible for neurotransmitter release and, therefore, signal transmission between neurons. (researchgate.net)
  • The increased expression of 18 kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) is one of the few available biomarkers of neuroinflammation that can be assessed in humans in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET). (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, it is not surprising that defects in mitochondrial fusion cause neurodegenerative disorders in humans, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A and autosomal dominant optic atrophy. (jhmi.edu)
  • 2022 ). The YidC transmembrane (TM) groove is essential for a high- affinity interaction, and the hydrophilic nature of the YidC groove plays an important role in protein transport across the cytoplasmic membrane bilayer to the periplasmic side. (tcdb.org)
  • Using yeast as a model system, we have identified several components that mediate and regulate mitochondrial fusion. (jhmi.edu)
  • Homologues of the yeast Oxa1 protein are found in chloroplasts of plants and in a wide variety of bacteria. (tcdb.org)
  • The cytosolic surface of the rough ER is covered by ribosomes that synthesize proteins that are then transported to the rough ER, then to the Golgi complex, and finally out of the cell. (villajoyosacf.info)
  • The matrix exposed C-terminal α-helical domain of Oxa1 can bind mitochondrial ribosomes to facilitate co-translational insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial membrane ( Jia et al . (tcdb.org)
  • The TOM complex, part of the TOM/TIM supercomplex, is essential for the translocase of almost all mitochondrial proteins which consists of at least 7 different subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tom40 is the protein-conducting channel of the complex with beta-barrel structure, which forms a cation-selective channel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three small proteins Tom5, Tom6, Tom7 interact closely with Tom40 to assemble and stabilize the complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TOM complex also consists of a dimer of Tom40 or small Tom proteins that are held together by two Tom22 subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein sorting into the mitochondrial compartments always starts at the TOM complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SAM complex consists of three subunits: The β-barrel protein Sam50 and two peripheral subunits Sam35 and Sam37. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sam37 accommodates the release of the folded β-barrel proteins from the SAM complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tom70 transfers the precursor proteins to the MIM Complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • It belongs to a multimeric complex and is associated with other proteins.The pleiotropic actions of TSPO render this protein an interesting target in the nervous system. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • The SNARE complex assembles from vesicular Synaptobrevin-2 as well as Syntaxin-1 and SNAP25 both anchored to the presynaptic membrane. (researchgate.net)
  • His Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex research is multidisciplinary, relying on both Membrane transport protein and Stereochemistry. (research.com)
  • 2007 ). Several Oxa1-type insertases in the ER serve as catalytically active core subunits in the ER membrane protein complex (EMC), the guided entry of tail-anchored (GET) and the GET- and EMC-like (GEL) complex. (tcdb.org)
  • Prohibitin 1 and prohibitin 2 form a ring-shaped complex in the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE. (bvsalud.org)
  • It's also one of the most common causes of fatigue because of how it impairs your mitochondrial production of energy. (onedaymd.com)
  • After a postdoc on bacterial membrane transport at UCLA, he got his Habilitation on mitochondrial protein import again from the University of München. (hstalks.com)
  • All recognized mutations for AD are associated with increased deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta), a peptide fragment comprising 39-43 amino acids that derive from the catabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) molecule. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, we designed a protein-free dispersion media containing phospholipids and amino acids in an isotonic balanced electrolyte solution, a solution for nasal and olfactory transport (SNOT). (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, I will perform mouse phenotyping experiments to reveal if the loss of mitochondrial SPIRE1 function contributes to the increased fear of SPIRE1-mutant mice. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • METHODS AND RESULTS: Stabilization of myocardial HIF-1 was achieved by pharmacological inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) domain-containing enzyme using GSK360A or using cardiac-specific ablation of von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL(fl/fl)) in mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We also discussed the advantage and challenges of mitochondrial transfer strategies, including cell-based mitochondrial transplantation, extracellular vesicle-based mitochondrial transplantation, and naked mitochondrial transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • Bacteria also export (to the periplasm) N-tails of membrane proteins synthesized without leader sequences by a Sec (Type IIPS)-independent mechanism. (tcdb.org)
  • Studies have shown that cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular system development and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • His research in Mitochondrial carrier intersects with topics in Membrane transport, ATP-ADP translocase, NAD+ kinase and Solute carrier family. (research.com)
  • In my master thesis, I investigated the regulation of mitochondrial motility by actin/myosin force generation. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • The regulation of membrane fusion and fission generates a striking diversity of mitochondrial shapes, ranging from numerous small spheres in hepatocytes to long branched tubules in myotubes. (jhmi.edu)
  • Yanagi T, Kitamura S, Imafuku K, Suto A, Maeda T, Tanaka S, Sesaki H , Abe R, Shimizu H. Loss of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) does not affect epidermal development or UVB-induced apoptosis but does accelerate UVB-induced carcinogenesis. (jhmi.edu)
  • Because antioxidant enhancements protect cells against apoptosis, ROS production was viewed not as a meaningless side effect of mitochondrial disintegration but rather playing some - as yet unidentified - role in apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Once altered by tafazzin, cardiolipin is key in maintaining mitochondrial shape, energy production, and protein transport within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A lack of functional cardiolipin and an excess of MLCL are thought to impair normal mitochondrial shape and functions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sam35 caps the Sam50 β-barrel, stabilizing the core of the protein translocase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sam50 and Sam35 are responsible for the binding of precursors of β-barrel proteins, which contain conserved β-signal that is formed by the last β-strand. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to shape and number, mitochondrial fusion is critical for normal organelle function. (jhmi.edu)
  • These factors play a role in the function of mitochondrial membrane transport proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • While the electron transport chain's main function is to produce ATP, another important byproduct is water. (roadlesstraveledstore.com)
  • Murata D, Yamada T, Tokuyama T, Arai K, Quirós PM, López-Otín C, Iijima M, Sesaki H. Mitochondrial Safeguard: a stress response that offsets extreme fusion and protects respiratory function via flickering-induced Oma1 activation. (jhmi.edu)