• Hepatic and renal 5'DI mRNA in a high (C57BL/6J) and low (C3H/HeJ) strain paralleled enzyme activity and concentration, in agreement with a recent report. (jci.org)
  • Specifically, inheritance patterns derived from low-responsive C3H/HeJ (C3) and high-responsive C57BL/6J (B6) mouse strains suggest that differential hypercapnic ventilatory sensitivity (HCVS) is controlled by two independent genes. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Common inbred strains include BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6 and DBA. (uwm.edu)
  • Study design The two-bottle choice drinking assay was used to characterise aversion and preference in C57BL/6 mice to a range of menthol concentrations (10-200 µg/mL). (bmj.com)
  • Using a pair of black mice from the Granby farm, Little develops the C57BL and C57BR strains. (jax.org)
  • The inbred C57BL/6J-mice (B6) and hybrid B6D2F1-mice demonstrated extensive permanent threshold shift and subsequent onset of AHL. (cdc.gov)
  • and two hypertaurinuric (taut-) strains, C57BL/6J and PRO/Re. (jci.org)
  • Furthermore, 129-strain ES cells often contribute to the germline of the chimeras, and when breeding chimeras with C57BL/6 test mice, the dominant agouti color in offspring signifying germline transmission is also easily detected in the G1 generation litters. (umassmed.edu)
  • However, the resulting targeted G1 mice are of a mixed 129 x C57BL/6 genetic background. (umassmed.edu)
  • Depending upon the study, these mice often have to be backcrossed 9 more generations with C57BL/6 mice to place the mutant allele on an inbred C57BL/6 background. (umassmed.edu)
  • Recently, researchers from the Sanger Institute (UK) have isolated stable and germline competent embryonic stem (ES) cells from C57BL/6N mice (1). (umassmed.edu)
  • These ES cells allow for the generation of gene‐targeted mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background without the need for multiple backcrossing of mice. (umassmed.edu)
  • To generate suitable C57BL/6 embryonic stem cells for gene targeting experiments, the Sanger team established a male cell line (JM8) from the N-substrain of C57BL/6 mice. (umassmed.edu)
  • When these C57BL/6N-based JM8 cells were injected into blastocysts from albino mice, a high proportion of chimeras displayed ES cell contribution to both germline and somatic tissues. (umassmed.edu)
  • However, a disadvantage of this combination is that a slightly mixed C57BL/6 genetic background (C57BL/6N x C57BL/6J) is produced when breeding the resulting chimeras with C57BL/6J Tyrc-Brd albino mice to test for germline transmission in the G1 generation. (umassmed.edu)
  • Of course, one could breed the chimeras with inbred C57BL/6N mice to maintain a pure C57BL/6N substrain background- but then one could not use coat color in the G1 generation to identify germline-transmitting chimeras, as all the offspring would be of a black coat color regardless of germline transmission. (umassmed.edu)
  • The non-agouti mutation in C57BL/6 strains is due to an 11.8 Kbp retrotransposon located in the first intron of the agouti gene that abolishes the expression of the Agouti gene. (umassmed.edu)
  • The Sanger group performed gene targeting in the JM8 ES cells to delete the retrotransposon from the agouti locus and restore agouti gene function, permitting the visualization of ES cell-derived mice on an inbred C57BL/6 background by agouti coat color. (umassmed.edu)
  • Since these JM8A3 cells are heterozygous for the corrected agouti allele [A tm1brd ], crossing the resulting brown-on-white chimeras with C57BL/6N test mice yield embryonic stem cell-derived offspring with either agouti or black coats. (umassmed.edu)
  • This approach allows you to maintain the inbred C57BL/6N status of the offspring. (umassmed.edu)
  • The UMass Chan Transgenic Animal Modeling Core (TAMC) also has JM8-strain ES cells for targeting, and routinely injects either JM8.F6-strain ES cells or JM8.A3-strain ES cells into albino C57BL/6J Tyrc-Brd blastocysts. (umassmed.edu)
  • In the present study a nest-building protocol was established using four different inbred mouse strains (CD1, BALB/c, C57Bl/6J, C3H) before assessing AD and FTD tau transgenic mice of Line 1 (L1) and Line 66 (L66) in this paradigm. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recombinant inbred strains derived from crosses between high and low activity strains exhibit segregation characteristic of a single allele difference. (jci.org)
  • Southern analyses using a 5'DI probe identified a restriction fragment length variant that segregated with 5'DI activity in 33 of 35 recombinant inbred strains derived from four different pairs of high and low activity parental strains. (jci.org)
  • What are the unique advantages of using inbred mice in genetic and genomic research? (jax.org)
  • The findings demonstrated the advantages of using inbred and F1 hybrid strains of mice which are genetically well defined, numerous and readily available. (cdc.gov)
  • Dams from two inbred strains of mice (C57BR and BALB/c) were treated with caffeine in solution in their drinking water during gestation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The offspring (as adults) revealed a significantly increased sleep time following caffeine treatment, but primarily as slow wave sleep in the males of the BALB/c strain and paradoxical sleep in the females of the C57BR strain. (elsevierpure.com)
  • and CBA and A/J. Very similar frequencies are found for lipoprotein-reactive B cells in BALB/c, BALB/c ν/ν, C3H/Tif, and C3H/HeJ mice. (silverchair.com)
  • Halsey Bagg develops the BALB /c ( Bagg albino) mouse for behavioral experiments. (jax.org)
  • BALB/c mice were more proficient than CD1 and C3H mice, while all strains displayed similar nest-building behaviour by day 7. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Jackson Laboratory has made fundamental contributions to biomedical research, including cancer genetics and establishing the mouse as the premier research animal model. (jax.org)
  • Genetics of age-related hearing loss in mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Gene expression genetics of the striatum of Diversity Outbred mice. (ebsco.com)
  • A genetically diverse mouse population model in combination with a systems biology approach was utilized to identify transcriptional changes, INH-responsive metabolites, and gene variants that contribute to the liver response in genetically sensitive individuals. (nih.gov)
  • No LPS-reactive cells but normal frequencies of lipoprotein-reactive cells were found in C3H/HeJ mice, genetically nonreactive to LPS. (silverchair.com)
  • In the early 1980s, researchers began genetically manipulating mice by inserting genes from other species (including humans) during the earliest stages of embryonic cell division. (mentalfloss.com)
  • FVB is an albino, inbred laboratory mouse strain that is named after its susceptibility to Friend leukemia virus B. This strain was produced from mice established at the National Institutes of Health in 1935. (wikipedia.org)
  • These mice have greater susceptibility to an asthma-like phenotype than wild-type animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • These mice provided some of the first evidence that susceptibility to cancer can be inherited, just like hair color. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Susceptibility of inbred and F1 hybrid strains to noise-induced hearing loss. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study was to determine if there is variation in susceptibility of different strains of mice to MLA and to identify factors responsible for the variation that could be used as a model for cattle. (usda.gov)
  • Both the protein expression differences and the potential identification of genetic markers discovered in mice will provide the basis for future experiments to identify genetic factors that correlate with susceptibility to larkspur toxicity in cattle. (usda.gov)
  • The toxicokinetic profiles of MLA in the susceptible A/J and resistant 129 strains were compared in order to determine if their differences in susceptibility are simply due to differences in their ability to eliminate MLA. (usda.gov)
  • 0.01) different between strains: C3 mice showed a slow, deep-breathing pattern relative to a rapid, shallow phenotype of B6 mice. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Right here, we report the phenotype of mice bred to hold two copies of the BAC, which extra utterly recapitulate the phenotypic options of HGPS in pores and skin, adipose, skeletal, and vascular tissues. (eumorphia.org)
  • Inbred mouse lines vary in their ability to mount protective antiretroviral immune responses, and even closely related strains can exhibit opposing phenotypes upon retroviral infection. (ebsco.com)
  • Sachser, N (2001): Rhythm of activity in closely related inbred strains of mice. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Sachser, N (2001): Circadian rhythm of three closely related inbred strains of mice differing in aggressive behaviour. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Our aim is to identify pathways associated with NIHL using specific inbred strains of the laboratory mouse. (uhhospitals.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that putative genotypes for age related hearing loss (AHL) may make mice more susceptible to noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). (cdc.gov)
  • This causes the genes to become homozygous (same strain) at nearly all the loci on the chromosomes. (uwm.edu)
  • Two strains may be bred together to produce a mixture of the genes of each strain. (uwm.edu)
  • Scientists also began turning off specific genes during early development, creating 'knockout mice. (mentalfloss.com)
  • 1939 International Committee on Standardized Nomenclature for Mice begins, bringing order to the naming of mice and their genes. (jax.org)
  • L. C. Strong breeds a Bagg albino with an albino from Little 's stock and starts the first of many tumor-prone strains, called the A strain, known for mammary and lung tumors. (jax.org)
  • The analysis was possible owing to the fact that the C-band on chromosomes 14 of the CBA/Kw strain and that of chromosome 18 of the KE strain show size polymorphism: while the CBA/Kw mice have a small sized C-band on chromosome 14, the KE mice show small C-bands on chromosome 18. (edu.pl)
  • Inbred wild type mouse strains have distinct spontaneous morphological phenotypes. (tum.de)
  • Anhedonia and low nesting scores in L66 mice are indicative of apathy-like phenotypes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutations in the beta subunit of the cGMP phosphodiesterase gene (beta PDE) can cause a recessively inherited retinal degeneration in several species, including mice, dogs and humans. (nih.gov)
  • It is probably not possible for humans to acquire a Sterne strain infection by the respiratory or oral route. (cdc.gov)
  • The acute toxicity of methyllycaconitine (MLA) in ten different inbred strains of mice was compared. (usda.gov)
  • We now have been utilizing the Inbred Lengthy- and Quick-Sleep mouse strains (ILS, ISS) and a recombinant inbred panel derived from them, the LXS, to research the genetic underpinnings of acute ethanol tolerance which is taken into account to be a threat issue for alcohol use issues (AUDs). (eumorphia.org)
  • Intravenous cocaine self-administration in a panel of inbred mouse strains differing in acute locomotor sensitivity to cocaine. (unc.edu)
  • The strain is now valued as a source of embryonic stem cells for making knockout mice. (jax.org)
  • 2014) Salty taste deficits in CALHM1 knockout mice. (monell.org)
  • We profiled individual differences in alcohol consumption upon initial exposure and during 5 weeks of voluntary alcohol intake in female mice from 39 BXD recombinant inbred strains and parents using the drinking in the dark (DID) method. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • These results demonstrate an essential role for Jak2 signaling in GnRH neurons for normal reproductive development and fertility in female mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • and report here a role for the Jak2 signaling molecule in the regulation of reproductive development and function in female mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • The production of female mice with pseudopregnancy induced using sonic vibration was as efficient as rats. (nature.com)
  • First successful transplantations of ovaries between female mice are performed by William Russell at JAX. (jax.org)
  • Female mice aged 5 - 6 months were assessed in the home cage over a period of 7 days with nest-building behaviour scored by three independent experimenters at intervals of 1-, 2- and 7-days post nestlet introduction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Physiological and genetic analyses of inbred mouse strains with a type I iodothyronine 5' deiodinase deficiency. (jci.org)
  • The investment in training should be outweighed by the benefits observed with more reliable behavioral and physiological responses in the mice. (uwm.edu)
  • A quick survey of the literature shows that there is lot of information on the physiological and anatomical changes in mice, rats and guinea pigs, following noise exposure. (uhhospitals.org)
  • In 1970, of the sensitive mice from that breeding, some were found to be susceptible to Friend leukaemia virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein expression of various nAChR subunits was also compared between the resistant 129 and susceptible A/J strains. (usda.gov)
  • Recombination frequencies using previously mapped loci allowed assignment of the 5'DI gene to mouse chromosome 4 and identified its approximate chromosomal position. (jci.org)
  • Conserved linkage between this segment of mouse chromosome 4 and human HSA1p predicts this location for human Dio1. (jci.org)
  • Considering both cell types, a large number of transcripts showed significant variation across the inbred strains, with 22% of the transcriptome varying by 2-fold or more. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Right here, we've got used RNA-seq to look at the transcriptome of complete mind in 40 of the LXS strains eight hours after a saline or ethanol "pretreatment" as in earlier behavioral research. (eumorphia.org)
  • The full name of this strain is FVB.129P2-Pde6b+ Tyrc-ch/AntJ, reflecting its genotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, one still has to genotype all of the G1 generation mice from germline transmitting chimeras or risk losing some black colored mice that are ES cells derived. (umassmed.edu)
  • In addition to albinism and Friend leukemia virus sensitivity, these mice become blind by weaning age due to being homozygous for a retinal deterioration allele on the PDE6B gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice homozygous for disruptions in this gene are essentially normal although their kidneys are smaller and more succeptible to injury. (jax.org)
  • Variation and genetic control of gene expression in primary immunocytes across inbred mouse strains. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To determine the breadth and underpinning of changes in immunocyte gene expression due to genetic variation in mice, we performed, as part of the Immunological Genome Project, gene expression profiling for CD4(+) T cells and neutrophils purified from 39 inbred strains of the Mouse Phenome Database. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genetic determinants confer variation between inbred mouse strains with respect to the magnitude and pattern of ventilation during hypercapnic challenge. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The present study also tests whether differential neuronal activity in respiratory control regions of the brain is positively associated with strain variation in HCVS. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The results of this study confirm previous reports that there is a fairly large animal to animal variability to larkspur toxicity, and that this variation is found across numerous strains of mice. (usda.gov)
  • In 1966, mice from this founding population were bred for sensitivity or resistance to challenge with histamine following pertussis vaccination. (wikipedia.org)
  • These mice were bred into the modern FVB strain at the Jackson Laboratory, with no subsequent selection for histamine sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • By this point, approximately 60% of surviving mice show tumors/lesions. (wikipedia.org)
  • He discovered, for instance, that you can breed strains of mice with bodies that readily accept transplanted cancer tumors. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Lathrop sends mice that developed tumors to Leo Loeb at the University of Pennsylvania , who publishes pioneering papers on cancer. (jax.org)
  • FVB mice show elevated aggressive behavior towards newly intruding FVB mice shortly after the new mouse's introduction, potentially due to chronically disrupted circadian rhythms. (wikipedia.org)
  • These included 119 loci with apparent complete loss of function, where the corresponding transcript was not expressed in some of the strains, representing a useful resource of "natural knockouts. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 1991). FVB/N: an inbred mouse strain preferable for transgenic analyses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryo transfer (ET) is an essential reproductive technology for the production of new animal strains and maintenance of genetic resources. (nature.com)
  • Mild inborn errors of metabolism in commonly used inbred mouse strains. (nih.gov)
  • The most commonly used methods for catching and picking up mice are grasping the animal near the tip of the tail, between thumb and forefinger, or by grasping the tail near the base or the neck between the ends of a smooth tipped forceps. (uwm.edu)
  • The segregation pattern of chromosomes 14 and 18 were analysed in recombinant inbred strains of mice developed from KE and CBA/Kw strains. (edu.pl)
  • The virulent strains of etative cells and activate the spores. (who.int)
  • We tested whether modulation of inhibition or excitation in the auditory cortex of male mice could evoke such a variety of effects in tone-evoked responses and in behavioral frequency discrimination acuity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Lastly, inhibition of the strong autophagic program observed in adolescent mdx male mice via administration of the autophagy inhibitor leupeptin did not improve skeletal muscle pathology. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sachser, N (2002): Applying elo-rating to assess dominance hierarchiy in male mice. (fu-berlin.de)
  • These mice have deficiencies in their immune systems and thereby prove valuable in the study of immune diseases and cancer. (uwm.edu)
  • Compared with normal wild type strains which produce both the toxin and the capsule, the Sterne strain is relatively avirulent, however immunization using the Sterne strain is able to stimulate a protective immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • Strains of laboratory mice that are inbred for higher metabolic rates show stronger immune responses to immune challenge with stronger antigen-specific IgM production than strains bred for lower metabolic rates. (cdc.gov)
  • Localization of the membrane defect in transepithelial transport of taurine by parallel studies in vivo and in vitro in hypertaurinuric mice. (jci.org)
  • In mice and rats, females require mating stimulation for the maintenance of pregnancy. (nature.com)
  • Today, it's estimated that 95 percent of the world's lab mice are descended from mice born in the Jackson Laboratory. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Frequencies of mitogen-reactive B cells in the mouse. (silverchair.com)
  • SJL mice had significantly lower frequencies of LPS- and of lipoprotein-reactive B cells (1 in approximately 30 B cells). (silverchair.com)
  • The B6-mice had normal auditory evoked brainstem response thresholds from 1 to 2 months of age, but they show gradual progressive elevation of thresholds for high frequencies. (cdc.gov)
  • This investigation was aimed at dissecting the mechanisms of C. pneumoniae pathogenesis by multivariate analysis of challenge experiments in a mouse model of C. pneumoniae lung infection. (auburn.edu)
  • The results confirmed that 25 samples con- tained B. anthracis, of which 9 were virulent for mice and guinea pigs. (who.int)
  • Tankersley, CG, Haxhiu, MA & Gauda, EB 2002, ' Differential CO 2 -induced c-fos gene expression in the nucleus tractus solitarii of inbred mouse strains ', Journal of applied physiology , vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 1277-1284. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • GnRH mRNA levels were reduced in Jak2 G −/− mice when compared with controls, while the number of GnRH neurons was equivalent, indicating a reduction in GnRH gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • In contrast to wild-type mice, Trpm8−/− showed a strong aversion to mentholated (100 µg/mL) nicotine (200 µg/mL) and preferred nicotine alone. (bmj.com)
  • Trpm8−/− mice show aversion to lower concentrations of menthol than wild-type mice. (bmj.com)
  • On the behavioral stage, solely restricted and gentle alterations have been reported, with a big a part of analyzed behaviors being unaffected in GAMT KO as in contrast with wild-type mice. (eumorphia.org)
  • This work also highlights the value of using a mouse diversity panel to investigate drug-induced responses across a diverse population. (nih.gov)
  • LPS-reactive B cells yielding IgM- and IgG-PFC responses could be found in mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, thoracic duct, and peripheral blood of 6- to 8-wk old mice. (silverchair.com)
  • Responses were compared with those in mice deficient in the cold/menthol receptor, TRPM8, expressed in trigeminal sensory neurons innervating the oral cavity. (bmj.com)
  • Two years is a common life expectancy in wild-type house mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • We tested the possibility of altering the course of retinal degeneration in the rd mouse through subretinal injection of a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus that contains the murine cDNA for wild-type (beta PDE, Ad.CMV beta PDE. (nih.gov)
  • Subsequent 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed a novel Burkholderia species named B. thailandensis after the geographic origin of the type strain ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Second, the Sterne strain might regain pXO2 and revert to capsule production, resulting in wild-type virulence. (cdc.gov)
  • In the tau mouse models, L66 presented with impaired nesting compared to wild-type on days 1 and 2 (not day 7), whereas L1 performed like wild-type on all days. (bvsalud.org)
  • Secretion of GnRH is also reduced as basal serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly lower in female Jak2 G −/− mice while the pituitary responded normally to exogenous GnRH. (jneurosci.org)
  • Female Jak2 G −/− mice exhibited significantly delayed puberty and first estrus, abnormal estrous cyclicity, and impaired fertility. (jneurosci.org)
  • define the utility of the inbred mouse in genetic and genomic research studies. (jax.org)
  • This MicroLesson is designed to meet the needs of people who are new to utilizing laboratory mice for genetic and genomic research projects, including graduate and postdoctoral students, research assistants, early career scientists, lab technicians and advanced undergraduates with a background in biology. (jax.org)
  • In this genetic model of differential HCVS, the results suggest that a genomic basis for varied hypercapnic chemoreception or transduction confers greater afferent neuronal activity in the caudal NTS for high-responsive B6 mice compared with low-responsive C3 mice. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In addition to differences in the protein expression of nAChR subunits, other potential differences between these two strains will be evaluated in the future using genomic technologies. (usda.gov)
  • No reversion to virulence has been seen in the Sterne strain since its discovery in 1937. (cdc.gov)
  • Nor-Carotenoid, Rhizobium lupini The mutant strain 1-289 of Rhizobium lupini containes in addition to the normal carotenoid pattern a violet carotenoid whose structure was derived by MS and 270 1 H-NMR as 2′,3′-trans-dihydroxy-2-nor-β,β-carotene-3,4-dione. (degruyter.com)
  • A behavioural characterisation of the FVB/N mouse strain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Krüger, A (2007): Analysing Movement and Behavioural Patterns of Laboratory Mice in a Semi Natural Environment Based on Data collected via RFID-Technology. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Skryabin, BV (2002): Behavioural phenotyping of mice lacking BC1, a non-protein coding gene. (fu-berlin.de)
  • These days, when geneticists want to create a new strain of mice, they often take a more hands-on approach. (mentalfloss.com)
  • William Castle opens Harvard 's Bussey Institution , where many early mouse geneticists get their start. (jax.org)
  • So he began to dream of mice strains that were identical and docile, 'like newly minted coins. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Can the Sterne strain cause infections in people? (cdc.gov)
  • Sensitive mouse strains developed severe microvesicular steatosis compared with corresponding vehicle control mice following 3 days of oral treatment with INH. (nih.gov)
  • Molecular cloning and analysis of the expression of the E1 beta subunit of branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase in mice. (nih.gov)
  • The 129 strain of mice had twice the amount of alpha 7 nAChR subunit expression as the A/J strain, which was in direct proportion to the approximate two fold difference in LD50. (usda.gov)
  • Identification and monitoring of metabolite markers of dry bean consumption in parallel human and mouse studies. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The assay procedures for mouse samples were modified from the corresponding standard human assay procedures in order to lower the sample volume requirements. (jax.org)
  • The values obtained when run on "Mouse Assay" procedures vs. the standard "Human Assay" procedures were not statistically significant for any of the tests and are available upon request (Luanne Peters) . (jax.org)
  • Recently, I have been studying mice fed cafeteria diets to understand the contribution of food choice to the development of human obesity. (monell.org)
  • No human disease due to anthrax caused by the Sterne strain has been reported. (cdc.gov)
  • We further detected mild metabolic and mitochondrial impairments in female mdx carrier mice that were exacerbated with high-fat diet feeding. (frontiersin.org)
  • Concentration-dependent uptake studies reveal more than one taurine carrier in taut+ and taut- strains. (jci.org)