Membrane fusion proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cleavage of the Om14 (the yeast mitochondrial outer membrane protein) from E. coli OmpX (Outer membrane protein X) has provided yields of up to 70% product without detectable degradation levels. (praiseworthyprize.org)
The role of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein SLC25A46 in mitochondrial fission and fusion. (nih.gov)

Enveloped viruses readily overcome the thermodynamic barrier of merging two plasma membranes by storing kinetic energy in fusion (F) proteins. (wikipedia.org)
After fusion of the two plasma membranes of the mating cells, a dinucleated cell forms initially in which the two haploid nuclei then rapidly fuse to form a single diploid nucleus. (rupress.org)
These proteins harness the sodium ion gradient to transport bile acids across the plasma membranes of enterocytes of the terminal ileum and hepatocytes, respectively. (elifesciences.org)

Finally, the enrichment of tetraspanins within secreted vesicles called exosomes, coupled with hints that tetraspanins may regulate vesicle fusion and/or fission, suggests exciting new directions for future research. (nih.gov)
Transport occurs in membrane-bounded containers called vesicles, and several protein families have evolved to mediate the budding of a vesicle from the donor compartment, and its transport to and fusion with the target organelle. (nature.com)
These have been suggested to be the core machinery that mediates the fusing of two membranes, as well as ensuring that vesicles deliver their cargo to the right compartment 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Neurotransmission relies on repeated cycles of exo- and endocytosis of the synaptic vesicles (SVs), in which several palmitoylated proteins play critical roles. (jci.org)
These proteins facilitate membrane fusion, which is required for neurotransmitter exocytosis, recycling of the fused SV membrane components, and regeneration of fresh vesicles. (jci.org)
Fusion of functionalized giant vesicles. (mpg.de)
Timescales involved in electro-deformation, poration and fusion of giant vesicles resolved with fast digital imaging. (mpg.de)
Fusion of giant vesicles observed with time resolution below a millisecond. (mpg.de)
High temporal resolution of electro-poration, fusion and deformation of giant vesicles. (mpg.de)
Non-specific membrane-matrix interactions influence diffusivity of lipid vesicles in hydrogel environments. (mpg.de)
Acetylcholine is found in the terminal nerve cells enclosed within membrane-bound sacks called vesicles. (usc.edu)
The aim of my project is to use fluorescence microscopy to obtain information about possible vesicle fusion and exchange of lipids between single, fluorescently labelled lipid vesicles, both due to interactions with α -syn. (lu.se)
Lipid exchange or fusion between two vesicles labeled with different dyes can be detected by colocalization of the dyes and the appearance of a fret signal when exciting the donor dye. (lu.se)
It is possible to distinguish between fusion and exchange since a fusion event would lead to fewer but larger vesicles with higher fluorescence intensities, while an exchange event would lead to an unchanged number of vesicles with lower fluorescence intensities of respective dye. (lu.se)

Cell entry by measles virus: long hybrid receptors uncouple binding from membrane fusion. (1library.net)
The current studies provide novel insights into the pharmacology of GPR40 and indicate that G protein-coupled receptors which respond to fatty acids, and potentially to other lipid ligands, can be occupied by endogenous agonists before assay and that this may mask the pharmacology of the receptor and may be mistaken for high levels of constitutive activity. (aspetjournals.org)
HVPs use the RSV fusion glycoprotein to evade anti-IAV neutralizing antibodies and infect and spread among cells lacking IAV receptors. (bvsalud.org)
The lectures address the three different main types of membrane proteins and associated cellular processes: transport and transporters, signal transduction and receptors, bioenergetics and photosynthetic and respiratory proteins. (lu.se)
Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)

The SNARE family include bona fide eukaryotic fusion proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In cells, membrane fusion is mediated by SNARE proteins, whose activities are calcium-dependent. (rsc.org)
Figure 1: SNARE proteins and vesicle targeting. (nature.com)
This latter step is mediated by a second Beclin-1 complex, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), and a fusion machinery including SNARE syntaxin-17. (frontiersin.org)
There are three so-called SNARE proteins involved in this key process. (usc.edu)
The three SNARE proteins work together to form a protein complex needed for membrane fusion. (usc.edu)
The light chain then cleaves one of the three SNARE proteins [4]. (usc.edu)

Class IV fusion proteins, better known as fusion-associated small transmembrane proteins (FAST), are the smallest type of fusion protein. (wikipedia.org)
T. J. Park, S. S. Choi, G. A. Gang, Y. Kim, High-Level Expression and Purification of the Second Transmembrane Domain of Wild-Type and Mutant Human Melanocortin-4 Receptor for Solid-State NMR Structural Studies, Protein Expression and Purification, Volume 62, (Issue 2), December 2008, Pages 139-145. (praiseworthyprize.org)
They are integral membrane zinc metaloprotease that cleave transmembrane domains in proteins. (tcdb.org)
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein N (gN/UL49.5) is a type I transmembrane protein conserved throughout the herpesvirus family. (mdpi.com)
Determination of the transmembrane topology of a protein starts with a model of the protein based on sequence information and theoretical methods. (lu.se)
For the PIV5 fusion protein, the fusion peptide (FP) and the transmembrane domain (TMD) show striking membrane-dependent conformations. (lu.se)

Two recent X-ray structures shed new light on the molecular mechanisms by which viral proteins mediate membrane fusion. (princeton.edu)

To assure that the lipid-free MexA polypeptide could be unbound to the membrane, we analyzed the two- dimensional membrane topology by the gene fusion technique. (elsevierpure.com)
2020). Functional Characterization of TMEM127 Variants Reveals Novel Insights into Its Membrane Topology and Trafficking. (tcdb.org)
The main aim of the course is to enable students to acquire specialised knowledge and understanding of membrane biochemistry and the molecular structure, topology and functional mechanisms of membrane proteins. (lu.se)

Viral glycoproteins including gp350, gHgL, gB and gp42 mediate the preferential binding of EBV to B cells by interacting with the complement receptor CR2 (CD21) on the surface of B cells, and then the envelope glycoprotein gp42 and gp85/gp25 form a fusion protein triple molecule Complex. (selfgrowth.com)
The GP42 in the complex is combined with the HLA II molecular molecules, and caused the virus cell fusion under the participation of GP85/GP25 and GP110 glycoprotein. (selfgrowth.com)
Structure of a flavivirus envelope glycoprotein in its low-pH-induced membrane fusion conformation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Furthermore, envelope glycoproteins clustered in pairs, a feature that may have implications for the conformation of fusion (F) glycoprotein epitopes that are the principal target for vaccine and monoclonal antibody development. (bvsalud.org)

The binding domain is rich in α-helices and hydrophobic fusion peptides located near the N-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
J. C. Rodriguez, L. Wong, P. A. Jennings, The Solvent in CNBr Cleavage Reactions Determines the Fragmentation Efficiency of Ketosteroid Isomerase Fusion Proteins Used in the Production of Recombinant Peptides, Protein Expression and Purification, Volume 28, (Issue 2), April 2003, Pages 224-231. (praiseworthyprize.org)

The acidic environment allows enzymes in the endosome or on the cell surface-including TMPRSS2, a key enabler of SARS-CoV-2 infection-to cut the spike protein and facilitate membrane fusion, the team found. (phys.org)

Scientists from the Institut Pasteur and the CNRS, working with the University of Göttingen, have characterized the mechanism used by the virus to insert one of its envelope proteins into the host cell membrane, thereby enabling it to infect the cell. (pasteur.fr)
Scientists in the Structural Virology Unit (Institut Pasteur/CNRS) directed by Félix Rey, in collaboration with the University of Göttingen, characterized the mechanism used by the virus to insert one of its surface proteins into the host cell membrane and drive fusion. (pasteur.fr)

Cellular fractionation experiments revealed that an unprocessed form of MexA anchored the inner membrane probably via an uncleaved signal sequence, whereas the processed form was undetectable in the membrane fraction. (elsevierpure.com)
That notion is probably fundamental to all viral fusion proteins-or for that matter to most cellular membrane fusion events facilitated by proteins. (harvard.edu)
The first part of the video shown here follows a virus engineered to sprout SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (labeled pink) as it is captured at a cell surface and engulfed by a cellular compartment called an endosome. (phys.org)
Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a lysosomal degradative process that participates in cellular homeostasis by enabling the removal of defective organelles, protein aggregates, or intracellular microorganisms ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

While adult somatic cells do not typically undergo membrane fusion under normal conditions, gametes and embryonic cells follow developmental pathways to non-spontaneously drive membrane fusion, such as in placental formation, syncytiotrophoblast formation, and neurodevelopment. (wikipedia.org)

Fusion conformation change can often be controlled by pH. (wikipedia.org)
The β-sheet conformation causes negative Gaussian curvature and membrane dehydration, which are required for membrane merger, while the α-helical conformation resides in low-curvature lamellar membranes and forms three-helix bundles. (lu.se)
We find that this domain is trimerized in the lipid membrane with a helix-turn-helix conformation, suggesting that this domain stabilizes the trimer structure of gp41 and promotes membrane curvature during the fusion process. (lu.se)

Kar2p is localized to the luminal (i.e., noncytoplasmic) face of the ER membrane, yet nuclear fusion must initiate from the cytosolic side of the outer nuclear membrane or the ER membrane with which it is contiguous. (rupress.org)
The MexA protein is thought to be located at the inner membrane and has been assumed to link the xenobiotics-exporting subunit, MexB, and the outer membrane channel protein, OprM. (elsevierpure.com)
This finding questioned the assumption that the membrane fusion proteins connect the inner and outer membranes. (elsevierpure.com)

An influenza virus is a collection of eight RNA strands enclosed in a lipid-bilayer membrane. (harvard.edu)
The mature flavivirus particle comprises a nucleocapsid core surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing the membrane (M) (derived from the precursor prM) and envelope (E) proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Eukaryotic genomes contain several gene families, of host and viral origin, which encode products involved in driving membrane fusion. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins originate from the env gene of endogenous retroviruses. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a mitochondrial solute carrier protein family member. (nih.gov)
This review focuses on recent findings using genetically modified mice (gene knockouts and transgenic 'green acrosome' mice) to study the effects of eliminating acrosomal matrix-associated proteins on sperm structure and function. (nih.gov)
Huntington's disease (HD) is neurodegenerative illness caused by CAG triplet repeats in the gene encoding huntingtin protein (Htt), but the precise molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease have remained unclear. (the-scientist.com)
This gene encodes a mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion and contributes to the maintenance and operation of the mitochondrial network. (nih.gov)
The hemagglutinin (HA) gene codes for one of the two surface glycoproteins and is central to species specificity because it is responsible for virus attachment and fusion with host cells. (cdc.gov)
The neuraminidase (NA) gene encodes the other surface protein of the virus. (cdc.gov)

Vesicle fusion events involved in neurotransmitter trafficking also relies on the catalytic activity of fusion proteins. (wikipedia.org)

Studies of the intracellular fusion machinery used in vesicular transport have also advanced rapidly, although high-resolution structural information is not yet available. (princeton.edu)
The ability to maintain a diverse set of intracellular compartments, with distinct complements of proteins, is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)
In cells lacking expression of Ca 2+ -mobilizing G proteins, coexpression of human GPR40 and Gα q allowed medium- and long-chain fatty acids to elevate intracellular [Ca 2+ ]. (aspetjournals.org)

More than half of all drugs that are in use today target membrane proteins. (lu.se)

The peptide regions required to drive fusion are formed from the turns between the β-sheets. (wikipedia.org)
Here we generated a series of lipopeptides derived from EK1 and found that EK1C4 was the most potent fusion inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated membrane fusion and pseudovirus infection with IC50s of 1.3 and 15.8 nM, about 241- and 149-fold more potent than the original EK1 peptide, respectively. (nature.com)
When a defined protein/peptide (or combinations thereof) control and define the synthesis of an inorganic nanoparticle, the result is a cloneable NanoParticle (cNP). (rsc.org)

Acrosomal proteins can also be biochemically classified as components of the acrosomal matrix, a large, relatively insoluble complex, or as soluble proteins. (nih.gov)

Post-transcriptional modifications made to the fusion proteins by the host, namely addition and modification of glycans and acetyl groups, can drastically affect fusogenicity (the ability to fuse). (wikipedia.org)
F proteins can be independently expressed on host cell surfaces which can either (1) drive the infected cell to fuse with neighboring cells, forming a syncytium, or (2) be incorporated into a budding virion from the infected cell which leads to the full emancipation of plasma membrane from the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
Using postmortem brain tissues from an INCL patient and tissue from the PPT1-knockout (PPT1-KO) mice that mimic INCL, we report here that PPT1 deficiency caused persistent membrane anchorage of the palmitoylated SV proteins, which hindered the recycling of the vesicle components that normally fuse with the presynaptic plasma membrane during SV exocytosis. (jci.org)
To fuse the two membranes, the virus carries a protein called hemagglutinin (the "H" in H1N1). (harvard.edu)
The flu virus carries about 300 to 400 of these hooks, and virologists had known that several are needed to fuse the membranes. (harvard.edu)
They observed that three or four hemagluttinin hooks must attach in close proximity to fuse the membranes. (harvard.edu)
The study also appears to settle a question about the nature of the hemagglutinin protein, and viral fusion: Are multiple hooks needed because they interact directly with each other to fuse the membranes, or because that's the number required to pull the somewhat elastic membranes together by brute force? (harvard.edu)
The researchers' work reveals that viruses can't fuse with the membrane and release their genomes unless they're bathed in a slightly acidic environment. (phys.org)
The membrane of this vesicle must fuse with the cell membrane so that the acetylcholine molecules can be released into the synapse. (usc.edu)

Fusion and penetration occur only in acidic early and late endosomal/lysosomal compartments but not at the cell surface, even when the furin and TMPRSS2 cleavages have both occurred. (phys.org)
it also promotes light-chain translocation across the endosomal membrane. (medscape.com)

Protein folding inside cells is a vital process that gives molecules' their unique characteristics and disruption of this process can lead to disease and allergies. (talkingpointsmemo.com)
The bile acid sodium symporter (BASS) family transports a wide array of molecules across membranes, including bile acids in humans, and small metabolites in plants. (elifesciences.org)
This complex enables the fusion of the two membranes, releasing the previously enclosed acetylcholine molecules into the synapse. (usc.edu)
These molecules are found in cell membranes throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Membrane Fusion Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

There is both genetic and biochemical evidence that Kar2p interacts with Sec63p, an ER membrane protein containing both luminal and cytosolic domains that is involved in protein translocation across the membrane. (rupress.org)
sec61 and sec62 mutant alleles that cause similar or more severe protein translocation defects show no karyogamy defects. (rupress.org)
Taken together, these results suggest a direct role for Sec63p, Sec71p, and Sec72p in nuclear membrane fusion and argue against the alternative interpretation that the karyogamy defects result as an indirect consequence of the impaired membrane translocation of another component(s) required for the process. (rupress.org)
Therefore, in the lab we working with molecular biological approaches such as making mutants and fusion proteins but also purely biochemical/biophysical projects, purifying proteins for reconstitution into liposomes, where the ion translocation activities can be measured by Na+ NMR using a shift reagent or by a pH sensitive, membrane-impermeable dye denoted Glu3. (lu.se)

We previously developed a pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor, EK1, which targeted the HR1 domain and could inhibit infection by divergent human coronaviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. (nature.com)
EK1C4 was also highly effective against membrane fusion and infection of other human coronavirus pseudoviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as SARSr-CoVs, and potently inhibited the replication of 5 live human coronaviruses examined, including SARS-CoV-2. (nature.com)
The GP64 envelope fusion protein is an essential baculovirus protein required for cell-to-cell transmission of infection. (1library.net)
3) After primary infection, EBV spreads directly across the lateral membrane to adjacent epithelial cells. (selfgrowth.com)
Exposure of the virus to an acidic milieu is essential for membrane fusion, genome penetration, and productive infection. (phys.org)
The virus then fuses with the endosome membrane and injects its genetic material (labeled blue) inside the cell-the steps necessary to kick off a cycle of viral infection and replication. (phys.org)

We solved the X-ray crystal structure of six-helical bundle (6-HB) core of the HR1 and HR2 domains in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein S2 subunit, revealing that several mutated amino acid residues in the HR1 domain may be associated with enhanced interactions with the HR2 domain. (nature.com)
Plasmalogens may also play important roles in interactions between lipids and proteins, the transmission of chemical signals in cells, and the fusion of cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)

Finally, we show that IAV and RSV coinfection in primary cells of the bronchial epithelium results in viral proteins from both viruses co-localizing at the apical cell surface. (bvsalud.org)

Fusion proteins can originate from genes encoded by infectious enveloped viruses, ancient retroviruses integrated into the host genome, or solely by the host genome. (wikipedia.org)
Disruption of the genes encoding other Sec63p-associated proteins (Sec71p and Sec72p) also results in karyogamy defects. (rupress.org)
Microarray analysis of cells infected with non-pathogenic m. smegmatis revealed that a number of genes were up-regulated, most strikingly TNFa and Rab proteins involved in membrane fusion, in comparison to control un-infected cells. (europa.eu)
Expression of cloned envelope protein genes from the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus in mammalian cells and random mutagenesis by PCR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The NADH binding site, FMN and eight FeS clusters are located in the promontory part, whereas the seven membrane-spanning proteins are all encoded by mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotes, in fact the Complex I encoding genes make up half of the mtDNA in mammals. (lu.se)

J. Hoppe, H. A. Weich, W. Eichner, Preparation of Biologically Active Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Type Bb from a Fusion Protein Expressed in Escherichia coli, Biochemistry, Volume 28, (Issue 7), April 1989, Pages 2956-2960. (praiseworthyprize.org)

Syncytin-1 Syncytin-2 ERV3 is not functional in humans HAP2 is a domesticated viral class II fusion protein found in diverse eukaryotes including Toxoplasma, vascular plants, and fruit flies. (wikipedia.org)

Membrane fusion is critical for many biological processes, especially in eukaryotic development and viral entry. (wikipedia.org)

Crystal structure of the membrane fusion protein CusB from Escherichia coli. (harvard.edu)

Xenophagy requires formation of an autophagosome and depends on ULK1, autophagy-related (Atg)14, Beclin-1, Atg5-12, and autophagy receptor proteins such as p62 (A.1). (frontiersin.org)

To understand how cholesterol interacts with M2 to generate membrane curvature, we have determined the cholesterol-binding site of M2 by measuring protein-cholesterol distances and cholesterol orientation in the membrane. (lu.se)

Integral membrane protein. (lu.se)

Changes in the membrane spontaneous curvature induced by grafting of long polymers. (mpg.de)
Membrane curvature generation and membrane remodeling underlie many biological processes such as virus entry into cells and virus budding. (lu.se)
How proteins mediate this curvature generation is a fundamental question that is still poorly understood. (lu.se)

Hughson, FM 1995, ' Molecular mechanisms of protein-mediated membrane fusion ', Current Opinion in Structural Biology , vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 507-513. (princeton.edu)
While several non-native membrane fusion mechanisms have been demonstrated, few can respond to external stimuli. (rsc.org)
A number of proteins from each process, for which the structure is known, are explored in greater detail in order to highlight the functional molecular mechanisms. (lu.se)
I will present our recent structural studies, using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, of three membrane proteins that give insights into the mechanisms of virus-cell membrane fusion and virus budding. (lu.se)

of fusion competence ( protein 9). (1library.net)
Evidence from a variety of secretory tissues, including pancreatic islet cells suggests, however, that the secretory granules can be functionally divided into distinct pools that are distinguished by their release competence and/or proximity to the plasma membrane. (lu.se)

Researchers assessed the impact of ceramide (CER) and cholesterol (CHOL) on membrane fusion mediated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. (news-medical.net)

They have demonstrated that the viral envelope protein has a "pocket" that specifically recognizes a category of lipids in the cell membrane. (pasteur.fr)
They also determined the atomic structure of this new protein-lipid complex, demonstrating that this protein has a "pocket" which specifically recognizes the hydrophilic heads of some of the lipids that make up the cell membrane. (pasteur.fr)
An important event seems to be the interaction between a -syn and lipids, which are the main building block of the membrane surrounding each cell. (lu.se)

The CusB protein is part of the CusCBA periplasmic Cu(I) efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria, and it was recently reported to play a key role in the functioning of the whole CusCBA system, in which conformational changes as well as the assembly/disassembly process control the opening of the transporter. (biorxiv.org)

d Images of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S-mediated cell-cell fusion on 293T/ACE2 cells at 2 h (left) and 24 h (right). (nature.com)
Purified GST fusion proteins of the N and C termini of Na v 1.3 pull down contactin from lysates of transfected HEK 293 cells. (jneurosci.org)
The discovery of membrane fusion shows the means by which proteins and other materials are transported within and between cells. (talkingpointsmemo.com)
RVF virus spreads in its host by fusing with cell membranes so that it can proliferate and infect other cells. (pasteur.fr)
Understanding the mechanism used by these viruses for insertion in the cell membrane paves the way for the development of therapeutic agents that target the "pocket" involved in the fusion of viral and cell membranes with the aim of preventing pathogenic arboviruses from entering host cells. (pasteur.fr)
EBV initially enters the body through the oropharyngeal mucosa and infects B cells through the binding of the viral envelope protein gp350 to CD21 on the surface of B cells. (selfgrowth.com)
Research at Harvard Medical School is shedding new light on the battle line where viral and cell membranes meet, and the key role of a protein grappling hook with which the influenza virus commandeers its prize-your cells. (harvard.edu)
Modulating membrane shape and mechanics of minimal cells by light: area increase, softening and interleaflet coupling of membrane models doped with azobenzene-lipid photoswitches. (mpg.de)
Fusion and penetration can occur at the cell surface of cells expressing TMPRSS2 if the extracellular pH is ∼6.8. (phys.org)
This was also observed when human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were transfected with a GPR40-Gα q fusion protein. (aspetjournals.org)
After expression of GPR40-Gα q in HEK293 cells and membrane preparation basal binding of [ 35 S]GTPγSinGα q immunoprecipitates was high and not elevated substantially by fatty acids. (aspetjournals.org)
Membranes of rat INS-1E cells that express GPR40 endogenously provided similar observations. (aspetjournals.org)
We report that a localized inducible protein tether between the chromosome and cell membrane in E. coli cells imparts a rapid and complete block to replication initiation. (nih.gov)
3) The influenza virus buds from host cells in a cholesterol-dependent manner using the matrix protein M2. (lu.se)
The introduction of fluorescent proteins that can be targeted to the secretory granules, in combination with the advent of new techniques that allow real-time imaging of granule trafficking in living cells (granule dynamics), has led to an explosion of our knowledge of the pre-exocytotic and post-exocytotic processes in the beta cell. (lu.se)
The sphingomyelin that accumulates in the lysosomes of Niemann-Pick disease-affected cells is thought to arise from the degradation of the cells and their organelles because it is a major component of all mammalian cell membranes. (medscape.com)

Membrane fusion proteins (not to be confused with chimeric or fusion proteins) are proteins that cause fusion of biological membranes. (wikipedia.org)

What is the impact of cholesterol on SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-mediated membrane fusion? (news-medical.net)

Importantly, this "recognition pocket" is found not only in RVF virus but also in the envelope proteins of other viral families transmitted by arthropods, such as the dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses, which have caused major worldwide epidemics in recent years. (pasteur.fr)
In the homologous protein of the chikungunya virus, the scientists pinpointed one of the residues of the recognition pocket as amino acid 226. (pasteur.fr)

Fusion activity depends on two proteolytic cleavage steps, namely, one typically carried out by furin in the producing cell and the second by TMPRSS2 on the cell surface on in endosomes of the target cell. (phys.org)

Super-resolution microscopy, live-cell imaging, scanning electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography revealed extracellular and membrane-associated filamentous structures consistent with hybrid viral particles (HVPs). (bvsalud.org)

We use the HIV envelope protein (gp120/gp41) as a model system. (stanford.edu)
Oligomeric rearrangement of tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope proteins induced by an acidic pH. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Here, using cryogenic electron microscopy and tomography combined with computational image analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction, we show that there is extensive helical ordering of the envelope-associated proteins and glycoproteins of RSV filamentous virions. (bvsalud.org)
We calculated a 16 Å resolution sub-tomogram average of the matrix protein (M) layer that forms an endoskeleton below the viral envelope. (bvsalud.org)

To circumvent these problems, we have developed a protocol for CNBr cleavage of protein fusions, which is particularly useful for Met-Ser sequences. (praiseworthyprize.org)
Tethers, composed of a trans-membrane and transcription repressor fusion protein bound to an array of operator sequences, can be placed up to 1 Mb from the origin with no loss of penetrance. (nih.gov)

Class I fusion proteins resemble influenzavirus hemagglutinin in their structure. (wikipedia.org)

They are found in reoviruses, which are non-enveloped viruses and are specialized for cell-cell rather than virus-cell fusion, forming syncytia. (wikipedia.org)
They are the only known membrane fusion proteins found in non-enveloped viruses. (wikipedia.org)
a The emerging timeline for highly pathogenic viruses and the proposed Disease X. b Schematic representation of SARS-CoV-2 S protein. (nature.com)

For example, Streptomyces griseus encodes in the following order: an ABC-2 type transporter, an ABC-type ATPase (see TC#3.A.1.105.11), a S2P-M50 peptidase with a CBS domain (see 9.B.149.1.1), a lantibiotic synthesis protein and a lantibiotic dehydratase. (tcdb.org)
Synthesis and secretion of recombinant tick-borne encephalitis virus protein E in soluble and particulate form. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is caused by palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1) deficiency. (jci.org)
In addition, they identified mutant huntingtin on neuronal mitochondrial membranes, and using a fusion protein containing an abnormally long polyglutamine. (the-scientist.com)

Insulin release involves the packaging of insulin in small (diameter approximate to0.3 mum) secretory granules, the trafficking of these granules to the plasma membrane, the exocytotic fusion of the granules with the plasma membrane and eventually the retrieval of the secreted membranes. (lu.se)

That observation helps us distinguish between classes of models for a stage of the fusion process," Harrison said. (harvard.edu)

Substances can be transported from one membrane-encased compartment to another, but the compartments maintain their unique identities. (nature.com)

To escape that bubble, the virus fuses its membrane with the endosome's, opening a window into the cell's interior. (harvard.edu)

A total of 78 mexA-blaM fusions covering the entire MexA polypeptide were constructed, and all fusion sites were shown to be located at the periplasm. (elsevierpure.com)

Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion promotes autophagy and suppresses ovarian cancer progression by reducing ROS through AMPK/mTOR/ERK signaling. (nih.gov)
Promotes env-mediated fusion of the virus. (lu.se)

These mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in alkylglycerone phosphate synthase, which alters the structure of the enzyme and significantly reduces its activity. (medlineplus.gov)

The results of this study pinpoint a critical residue in the M protein that potentially plays a role in viral morphogenesis, secretion and entry. (microbiologyresearch.org)

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