XanthophoresMelaninZebrafishAggregationDispersionMelanosomePigment granuleChameleonsDorsalMammalsPathwaysRegulationReptilesCalcineurinCellsOrganellesHeadPigmentationFewer melanophoresPigmentsChromatophoresEpithelial cellsMelanosomesAnal finsMelatoninVentralIntegumentaryHormoneVivoLightSkinFishIsolated scalesRaysColorBodyCellResults
Xanthophores3
- Most geckos only have melanophores to change coloration (correct me if I'm wrong, they could also have xanthophores or erythrophores). (kingsnake.com)
- Chameleons, on the other hand, have xanthophores and guanophores in a level beneath their melanophores. (kingsnake.com)
- D) nac;pfe mutant which received tra mutant xanthophores and melanophores, showing that both cell types contribute normally to stripes. (zfin.org)
Melanin3
- melanophore - [məl′ə nō fôr΄, mə lan′əfôr΄] n. a chromatophore containing melanin, found esp. (en-academic.com)
- melanophore - Cell type found in skin of lower vertebrates (amphibian skin, fish scales) that contains granules of the black pigment melanin. (en-academic.com)
- Melanin-rich zebrafish melanophores are used to study pigment development, human skin color, and as a large-scale screening phenotype. (datadryad.org)
Aggregation10
- Gentle lysis of the melanophores resulted in a permeabilized cell model, which, in the absence of exogenous ATP, could undergo multiple rounds of pigment granule aggregation and dispersion when sequentially challenged with epinephrine and cAMP. (rupress.org)
- Both directions of transport required ATP, since aggregation or dispersion in melanophores depleted of nucleotides could be reactivated only upon addition of MgATP or MgATP plus cAMP, respectively. (rupress.org)
- Previous studies have shown that pigment granule dispersion and aggregation in melanophores of the African cichlid, Tilapia mossambica, are regulated by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, respectively (Rozdzial, M. M., and L. T. Haimo. (silverchair.com)
- The present studies suggest that calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated phosphatase, is the endogenous phosphatase that mediates pigment aggregation in melanophores. (silverchair.com)
- Inhibition of aggregation in melanophores that have been BAPTA loaded or treated with calmodulin antagonists implicate Ca2+ and calmodulin, respectively, in this process. (silverchair.com)
- Moreover, addition of calcineurin rescues aggregation in lysed melanophores which are otherwise incapable of aggregating pigment. (silverchair.com)
- When melanophores exhibit the tiny t antigen of SV-40 pathogen, a particular inhibitor of proteins phosphatase 2A (PP2A), aggregation is totally avoided. (bioxorio.com)
- melanophores, pigment aggregation is certainly brought about by melatonin, which binds to its membrane receptor and decreases the focus of cAMP in the cytoplasm through the actions of buy Treprostinil a combined inhibitory G proteins (Light et al. (bioxorio.com)
- 1992). Alternatively, it's been reported the fact that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent proteins phosphatase, PP2B (calcineurin), is necessary for buy Treprostinil pigment aggregation in melanophores from the African cichlid, (Thaler and Haimo, 1990). (bioxorio.com)
- To recognize the phosphatase involved with aggregation in melanophores we utilized particular inhibitors of PP1, PP2A, and PP2B. (bioxorio.com)
Dispersion1
- in melanophores, PMA-induced pigment dispersion is certainly inhibited, however, not dispersion induced by MSH. (bioxorio.com)
Melanosome1
- 1990). Hence, the path of melanosome motion in melanophores correlates with the amount of cAMP in the cytoplasm. (bioxorio.com)
Pigment granule2
- Reactivated melanophore motility: differential regulation and nucleotide requirements of bidirectional pigment granule transport. (rupress.org)
- To study the molecular basis for organized pigment granule transport, procedures were developed to lyse melanophores of Tilapia mossambica under conditions in which pigment granule movements could be reactivated. (rupress.org)
Chameleons1
- By opening and closing cells called melanophores, chameleons change their skin color. (kidzworld.com)
Dorsal1
- Also, the spiloptera breeding male has a normally shaped dorsal fin with melanophores only on the posterior membranes, while whipplei has an enlarged dorsal fin with melanophores throughout all membranes. (outdooralabama.com)
Mammals1
- Mammals only have melanophores, while reptiles and fish carry all three types of chromatophore, meaning they can display a very wide variety of colours and colour patterns. (unige.ch)
Pathways1
- We used melanophores, cells specialized for controlled organelle transport, to review signaling pathways mixed up in regulation of transportation. (bioxorio.com)
Regulation1
- Regulation of organelle transport in melanophores by calcineurin. (silverchair.com)
Reptiles1
- Grandes células pigmentadas de los peces, anfibios, reptiles y muchos invertebrados que acumulan gránulos de pigmentos en su interior. (bvsalud.org)
Calcineurin2
- Immunoblotting with an anticalcineurin IgG reveals that calcineurin is a component of the dermis, which contains the melanophores, and indirect immunofluorescence localizes calcineurin specifically to the melanophores. (silverchair.com)
- Together these studies indicate that retrograde transport of pigment granules to the melanophore cell center depends upon the participation of calcineurin. (silverchair.com)
Cells3
- An identical correlation is available for various other pigment cells including melanophores (Rozdzial and Haimo, 1986)melanophores (Sammak et al. (bioxorio.com)
- Melanopsin was discovered as a novel opsin in the melanophores (light-sensitive skin cells) of the African clawed frog. (atsbio.com)
- On the body, the number of melanophores (black colour cells) is significantly reduced, and the muscles and body are clear. (scotcat.com)
Organelles2
- The pigments of melanophores are known to be stored in organelles known as LROs or lysosome-related organelles. (unige.ch)
- Short term color changes are brought about by an active redistribution of the melanophores pigment containing organelles ( MELANOSOMES ). (nih.gov)
Head1
- They gain melanophores on their head. (wikipedia.org)
Pigmentation3
- Pigmentation is distinctive, with a single midline surface melanophore over the rear braincase and a short row of two or three melanophores along the dorsal and ventral midlines of the caudal peduncle. (coralreeffish.com)
- This conversion helped to explain why, in McCord's experiments, crushed pineals lightened the tadpole's skin: the melatonin in the water caused the tadpoles' melanophores (surface pigmentation cells) to contract, thus lightening the color of the amphibians' skin. (nih.gov)
- Melanophores comprise Eumelanin, and it leads to black or brown pigmentation. (uniquepetswiki.com)
Fewer melanophores2
- The throat has fewer melanophores, is lighter, and has larger mottling on the ventral sides. (amphibiaweb.org)
- Genetically most closely related to B. major and B. pacificus , from which it differs in having a smaller head with more protruding eyes, fewer melanophores on the throat and chest, and in often having extensive patches or orange pigment on the end of the tail. (californiaherps.com)
Pigments2
Chromatophores1
- Axolotls have three types of chromatophores called xanthophores, melanophores, and iridophores. (uniquepetswiki.com)
Epithelial cells1
- Beccari was a fine cytologist, as is shown by his little-known observations on the cutaneous glands of sheep (1909), and particularly those on the suborbital glands of Gazella dorcas (1910): he revealed new, interesting details on sebaceous secretion and demonstrated a functional synergism between epithelial cells and melanophores. (encyclopedia.com)
Melanosomes6
- Melanophores were studied in tadpoles of the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis, during the first week after hatching (stages 46-49) at 25 degrees C. The tadpoles had melanophores with dispersed melanosomes in the light and punctate melanophores in the dark in LD 12:12. (nih.gov)
- The melanophores remained punctate in constant dark and the melanosomes remained dispersed in constant light. (nih.gov)
- Lights-out (in the light-time of LD 12:12) caused the melanophores to become punctate, which occurred more quickly than the dispersion of melanosomes, which commenced when the lights were turned on (in the dark-time of LD 12:12). (nih.gov)
- Melanophores with dispersed melanosomes in tadpoles (in constant light) became punctate in response to a series of melatonin concentrations (0.2-5 ng/ml) in their bathing water irrespective of the time of day melatonin was administered. (nih.gov)
- Short term color changes are brought about by an active redistribution of the melanophores pigment containing organelles ( MELANOSOMES ). (nih.gov)
- In vitro, lower levels of Mitf activity induced less dendritic melanophores with aggregated melanosomes, whereas melanophores overexpressing Mitf had an extensive dendritic morphology with dispersed melanosomes. (nbrp.jp)
Anal fins2
- Melanophores outline all anal fins on the coastal shiner, but only the last four rays on the weed shiner. (outdooralabama.com)
- They can be characterized by their pointed snout, long dorsal and anal fins with flexible spines (dorsal fin divided), a short and narrow caudal peduncle, long strand-like pelvic fins, the absence of spines on the head, and light markings (basically a row of melanophores along the anal fin base and along the dorsal midline of the caudal peduncle). (coralreeffish.com)
Melatonin2
- The expression of melanopsin and clock genes in Xenopus laevis melanophores and their modulation by melatonin. (nih.gov)
- Pertussis toxin blocks melatonin-induced pigment aggregation in Xenopus dermal melanophores. (nih.gov)
Ventral2
- In addition, there is a row of three ventral midline melanophores along the base of the rear portion of the developing anal fin. (coralreeffish.com)
- The ventral side can either be cream in color with darker melanophores scattered along its surface to almost completely dark, though not as dark as the flanks (Campbell et al. (amphibiaweb.org)
Integumentary1
- 1 : a pigment-bearing cell especially : a cell (such as a melanophore) of an animal integument capable of causing integumentary color changes by expanding or contracting. (toccochicago.com)
Hormone1
- The skin of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis, changes rapidly from bright green to a dark brown color in response to melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH). (toccochicago.com)
Vivo3
- Liv-PDH-A and -B showed significant pigment-dispersing activity in melanophores by in vivo bioassay. (bioone.org)
- En el pez cebra silvestre no se observa daño in vivo y tampoco en lo que sugiere su respuesta transcriptómica, a diferencia de la línea carente de melanóforos, Nacre, que evidencia inflamación y presencia de especies reactivas de oxígeno. (uchile.cl)
- Our previous work using Xenopus laevis as a model system suggested that Mitf regulates melanosome dispersal in vivo though whether this was via melanosome transport or melanophore dendricity was not obvious. (nbrp.jp)
Light3
Skin2
- This study could be useful in understanding the aspects of stress induced changes in fish skin melanophores. (ijpsr.com)
- For instance, the alleles of an albino axolotl indicate low levels of melanophores in the skin. (uniquepetswiki.com)
Fish3
- Microtubule system of isolated fish melanophores as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy. (rupress.org)
- This indicates these fish do have melanophores but they are unable to convert L-tyrosine to L-DOPA. (usf.edu)
- Melanophores around the jaw and gut disappear when the fish grows larger than 10mm. (animaldiversity.org)
Isolated scales1
- Melanophores were freed from the surrounding tissue components of isolated scales by mild enzymatic digestion and then allowed to settle on a glass cover slip. (rupress.org)
Rays1
- Scales below the lateral band lack pigment, and all rays of the anal fin are lightly outlined with melanophores. (outdooralabama.com)
Color1
- Células pigmentadas dendríticas de la epidermis, que controlan a largo plazo los cambios morfológicos del color mediante modificación en el número o en la cantidad de pigmento que producen y almacenan en las organelas que contienen el pigmento, llamadas MELANOSOMAS. (bvsalud.org)
Body1
- N = 8) ( C ) Number of melanophores in 1 year-old D/D vs. L/D SF determined in four different body regions. (elifesciences.org)
Cell1
- Both melanophore and xanthophore pigment cell numbers and early markers are up-regulated in the double mutants. (nih.gov)
Results1
- These results suggest that Mitf is involved in the regulation of melanosome transport and the level of dendricity in melanophores. (nbrp.jp)