Macrophages alveolar. Medical search. Frequent questions

Other particles may be engulfed by epithelial cells, primarily in the vicinity of the bronchial-alveolar duct junctions, and retained for much longer periods, with gradual removal to lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)
Autologous co-culture of primary human alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells for investigating aerosol medicines. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
In the alveolar space of the lung, epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages are the most important cell types, forming an efficient cellular barrier to aerosols. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
Cell densities of alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, isolated from the same human donor, were optimised, with a focus on barrier properties. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
Many functional outputs of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lung epithelial cells have not been fully explored in the context of e-cigarette exposure and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly understood. (birmingham.ac.uk)
This review discusses current evidence surrounding the effects of e-cigarettes on alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lung epithelial cells with particular focus on the cellular mechanisms of change. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Inflammatory macrophage-enriched populations from quartz-exposed lung had the ability to cause fibronectin degradation but could not cause detachment injury to epithelial cells over and above that caused by control alveolar macrophages. (hw.ac.uk)
2B receptor interference in type II alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells and M2 macrophages. (lu.se)
some is secondarily produced by alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Mice deficient in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) develop pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). (wiley.com)
Rationale Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) patients exhibit an acquired deficiency of biologically active granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) attributable to GM-CSF specific autoantibodies. (ecu.edu)
Using interleukin (IL)-33 receptor knockout mice and in vitro experiments, we show that basophils establish a lung-specific function imprinted by IL-33 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), characterized by unique signaling of cytokines and growth factors important for stromal, epithelial, and myeloid cell fates. (nih.gov)

As phagocytosis by macrophages plays a critical role in the control of bacteria, we investigated the phagocytic activity of macrophages after resolution of inflammation. (nature.com)
The central feature of COPD is inflammation affecting lung parenchyma and peripheral airways which activates inflammatory cell infiltration, including alveolar macrophages and neutrophils, and other cells. (researchsquare.com)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells, such as macrophages, to recognize a wide variety of microbial ligands, thereby promoting inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
The expression of markers of alveolar macrophage endocytosis, alveolar macrophage activation and lung inflammation were investigated by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation in samples of formalin fixed paraffin embedded lungs from male rats. (hw.ac.uk)
METHODS: We utilized a mechanistic IL-13-driven model and a house dust mite allergen mucosal sensitization model of allergic airway disease to investigate the role of alveolar macrophages in regulating pulmonary inflammation. (ox.ac.uk)
RESULTS: IL-13-dependent eosinophilic and Th2 inflammation was enhanced in mice depleted of alveolar macrophages using clodronate liposomes. (ox.ac.uk)
A novel role for the macrophage-derived immunoregulatory cytokine IL-27 was identified in modulating Th2 inflammation following mucosal allergen exposure. (ox.ac.uk)
Corbus Pharmaceuticals Announces Preclinical Data Demonstrating JBT-101 Reduces Inflammation in Alveolar Macrophages from Cystic Fibrosis Patients : Corbus Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (corbuspharma.com)
However, such macrophages from CF patients exhibit an exaggerated and persistent state of hyper-inflammation that has long-term consequences of irreversible damage to the lung and contributes to the serious morbidity and decreased life-span associated with CF. (corbuspharma.com)
The meeting will also highlight recent work on macrophage inflammation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and work from recently-funded NIMH, NIDA, and NINDS investigators. (nih.gov)
A panel will discuss research gaps and priorities related to human macrophage reservoirs and inflammation/comorbidities and treatment strategies for HIV remission and cure. (nih.gov)
Cerium oxide nanoparticle -induced pulmonary inflammation and alveolar macrophage functional change in rats. (cdc.gov)
Here, we wanted to verify the extent of inflammation and oxidative stress in mice chronically-exposed to WPS and to evaluate, for the first time, its effect on alveolar injury and DNA damage and their association with impairment of lung function. (who.int)
CONCLUSION: We show the persistence of lung inflammation and oxidative stress in mice chronically-exposed to WPS and demonstrate, for the first time, the occurrence of DNA damage and enlargement of alveolar spaces and ducts associated with impairment of lung function. (who.int)

Mean iron content of blood monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils of eight healthy subjects was significantly lower than that of alveolar macrophages. (ersjournals.com)
We are also actively investigating the contribution of different innate immune cells, such as alveolar macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and dendritic cells in respiratory infection. (daneparkerlab.com)
Cytoplasmic immunostaining related to the CD68 protein was increased 1.43 to 5.66-fold when the alveolar macrophage accumulations were numerous, large and associated with neutrophils and lymphocytes. (hw.ac.uk)
Messenger RNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, a marker of classical (M1) activated macrophages was found to be increased 4.1-fold when neutrophils and lymphocytes were present amongst the accumulated alveolar macrophages. (hw.ac.uk)
Messenger RNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes (such as E selectin) were found to be increased 2.2 to 4.4-fold in samples of lungs that contained alveolar macrophage accumulations but only when neutrophils and lymphocytes were visible amongst the accumulated macrophages in histological lung sections. (hw.ac.uk)
Histologically the lungs of WPS-exposed mice had foci of mixed inflammatory cells infiltration in the interalveolar interstitium which consisted of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. (who.int)

Fig. 2: Recovery from infection is followed by susceptibility to secondary pneumonia and reduction in phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages in mice. (nature.com)
In supplemental animal studies, LPLA2 deficiency was verified in GM-CSF KO mice but was not present in macrophage-specific PPARγ KO mice compared to wild-type controls. (ecu.edu)
Strikingly, tissue interstitial macrophages were elevated in alveolar macrophage-deficient mice identifying a new homeostatic relationship between different macrophage subtypes. (ox.ac.uk)

We found that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 11 patients with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (IPAP) suppressed the growth of peripheral blood monocytes and TF-1 cells, a cell line dependent on either GM-CSF or interleukin-3 (IL-3). (wiley.com)
Our results showed that miR-486-5p was significantly up-regulated in the COPD and smoker groups compared to the control group based on bioinformatics analysis and qPCR validation of alveolar macrophages and peripheral monocytes. (researchsquare.com)

After resolution of primary pneumonia, murine alveolar macrophages (AMs) exhibited poor phagocytic capacity for several weeks. (nature.com)
Neither P388D1, a macrophage-like murine cell line, nor murine peritoneal exudate cells were capable of endocytosing CEA in vitro. (duke.edu)
Alveolar macrophages are sentinels of murine pulmonary homeostasis following inhaled antigen challenge. (ox.ac.uk)

Alveolar macrophages are also involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic and necrotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Fig. 3: Phagocytosis function of newly formed resident lung alveolar macrophages is altered locally by secondary inflammatory mediators released during infection. (nature.com)
The macrophage capacity for phagosomal oxidative burst was negatively associated with alveolar macrophage particulate content (n = 29, r2 = 0.16, p = 0.033), but phagocytosis per se and proteolytic function were unaffected. (stir.ac.uk)
There was an approximately 50-fold increase in reactive oxygen species production, and a significant inhibition of phagocytosis with exposure of alveolar macrophages to a sublethal 0.5 percent ECVC/nfECVC. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
In response to e-cigarette exposure, alveolar macrophages adopt a proinflammatory phenotype of increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, reduction in phagocytosis, and efferocytosis and reactive oxygen species generation. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Fig. 6: Sirpa is required for the priming, but not the maintenance, of the paralysis program of alveolar macrophages after infection. (nature.com)
With rK2-PVM, we demonstrate infection of leukocytes in the lung, notably, dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages. (nih.gov)
Alveolar macrophages undergo productive infection and release infectious virions. (nih.gov)
We show here that Lactobacillus administration also limits infection of leukocytes in vivo and results in diminished release of infectious virions from alveolar macrophages. (nih.gov)
Inhalation of low doses of Coxiella bacteria can result in infection of the host alveolar macrophage (AM). However, it is not known whether a subset of AMs within the heterogeneous population of macrophages in the infected lung is particularly susceptible to infection. (montana.edu)
Therefore, to explore the early response of the alveolar macrophage to infection, we report the first application of RNA-sequencing to define, in exquisite detail, the transcriptomes of M. bovis-infected and non-infected alveolar macrophages from ten calves at 2, 6, 24 and 48 hours post-infection. (ox.ac.uk)
This is the first in-depth transcriptomics investigation of the alveolar macrophage response to the early stages of M. bovis infection and reveals complex patterns of gene expression and regulation that underlie the immunomodulatory mechanisms used by M. bovis to evade host defence mechanisms. (ox.ac.uk)
Normally, alveolar macrophages play an important role in lung host defense, secreting inflammatory mediators in healthy subjects in response to microbial infection. (corbuspharma.com)
To mimic infection, the patient's macrophages were stimulated ex-vivo with lipopolysaccharide derived from P. aeruginosa , which is a major bacterial pathogen in CF, and cultured with and without JBT-101. (corbuspharma.com)
Welcome to the Macrophage Infection of HIV Implications for Pathogenesis and Cure meeting, jointly organized by the National Institute of Mental Health and the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard. (nih.gov)
Although CD4 T cells are the main targets of HIV infection, macrophages also become infected and resist the cytopathic effects of infection, contributing potentially to HIV reservoir persistence. (nih.gov)
So this meeting will examine emerging data relating to macrophage interactions with the immune system during HIV infection, macrophage reservoirs and approaches to their elimination, and the involvement of CNS myeloid reservoirs and associated comorbidities. (nih.gov)
So on day one, Session 1 will focus on macrophages and the immune system during HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, Session 2 will focus on challenges to study HIV/SIV reservoirs, and Session 3 will really have the highlights from recent awardees of the NIMH/NINDS/NIDA Myeloid Reservoir RFA. (nih.gov)

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the tissue-resident macrophages in the lung alveolar space. (frontiersin.org)

Both techniques have been used to measure iron in alveolar macrophages gathered by bronchoalveolar lavage. (ersjournals.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: Receptor-mediated endocytosis of carcinoembryonic antigen by rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. (duke.edu)
The modified glycoproteins inhibited endocytosis by the alveolar macrophages, thus excluding nonreducing terminal carbohydrate residues as the recognition site of the receptor. (duke.edu)
Messenger RNA levels of CD68, a marker of endocytosis, were increased 1.4 to 2.4-fold in lungs that contained alveolar macrophage accumulations. (hw.ac.uk)
Synchronized endocytosis and intracellular sorting in alveolar macrophages: the early sorting endosome is a transient organelle. (silverchair.com)

Using the PIXE method, we measured the iron content of alveolar macrophages in healthy subjects, with and without occupational exposure to iron dust, and in patients with pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, Goodpasture's syndrome). (ersjournals.com)
Rylance J, Chimpini C, Semple S, Russell DG, Jackson MJ, Heyderman RS & Gordon SB (2015) Chronic household air pollution exposure is associated with impaired alveolar macrophage function in Malawian non-smokers. (stir.ac.uk)
We hypothesised that chronic smoke exposure is detrimental to alveolar macrophage function, causing failure of innate immunity. (stir.ac.uk)
We report the relationship between macrophage function and prior smoke exposure in healthy Malawians. (stir.ac.uk)
Alveolar macrophage particulate content was measured as a known correlate of smoke exposure. (stir.ac.uk)
Cytokine responses in macrophages were compared following re-exposure in vitro to wood smoke, before and after glutathione depletion. (stir.ac.uk)
Conclusion: Chronic smoke exposure is associated with reduced human macrophage oxidative burst, and dampened inflammatory cytokine responses. (stir.ac.uk)
Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), in particular, was associated with various MWCNT exposures and was independent of exposure method employed, that is, oropharyngeal aspiration versus inhalation exposure. (cdc.gov)
At 1 day after exposure, CeO2 significantly reduced NO production, but increased IL-12 production, by alveolar macrophages (AM) in response to ex vivo lipopolysacchride (LPS) challenge, and caused AMapoptosis, through activation of caspases 9 and 3. (cdc.gov)
Interestingly, we found dilated alveolar spaces and alveolar ducts with damaged interalveolar septae, and impairment of lung function following WPS exposure. (who.int)

In vitro quartz stimulated more production of cytokines by alveolar macrophages than the inert particulate titanium dioxide. (hw.ac.uk)

Alveolar macrophages are frequently seen to contain granules of exogenous material such as particulate carbon that they have picked up from respiratory surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
Results: Volunteers had a range of alveolar macrophage particulate loading. (stir.ac.uk)

An alveolar macrophage, pulmonary macrophage, (or dust cell) is a type of macrophage, a professional phagocyte, found in the airways and at the level of the alveoli in the lungs, but separated from their walls. (wikipedia.org)
Alveolar macrophage accumulations in the lungs of rodents and dogs that have been exposed to inhaled new drug candidates is an important cause of attrition during preclinical drug development because it is very difficult to decide whether the accumulations are adverse or nonadverse. (hw.ac.uk)
Messenger RNA levels of resistin like molecule alpha and acidic mammalian chitinase - markers of wound healing (M2) activated macrophages - were found to be increased 3.9 to 8.2-fold and 1.8 to 2.4-fold respectively, in samples of lungs that contained alveolar macrophage accumulations. (hw.ac.uk)
Dr. Knowles will present experimental preclinical data from human alveolar macrophages treated with JBT-101 that have been isolated from excised lungs of individuals with CF undergoing lung transplantation. (corbuspharma.com)

Microscopic lesions consistent with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were present in both PCV2- and PCV2/PRRSV-inoculated pigs and included lymphoid depletion, necrotizing hepatitis, mild necrotizing bronchiolitis, and infiltrates of macrophages that occasionally contained basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lymphoid and other tissues. (scienceopen.com)
Similarly, depletion of alveolar macrophages during house dust mite sensitization or established disease resulted in augmented Th2 immunity and increased allergen-specific IgG1 and IgE. (ox.ac.uk)
Antibody-depletion strategies, diphtheria toxin-mediated selective depletion of basophils, and co-culture studies show that lung resident basophils are important regulators of alveolar macrophage development and function. (nih.gov)

In the present study, the in vivo production of IL-8 by alveolar macrophages (AMs) is examined in these patients by analyzing the cell-associated IL-8, using the flow cytometric method adopted previously. (elsevierpure.com)

Fig. 4: T reg cells and TGF-β are not major contributors to the paralysis program of alveolar macrophages. (nature.com)
Uptake of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by isolated rat alveolar cells was time, temperature, and concentration dependent (Kuptake = 2.4 x 10(-7) M). Pretreatment of the alveolar cells with colchicine inhibited internalization of CEA. (duke.edu)
Uptake of 125I-labeled CEA by alveolar cells required divalent cations and was inhibited by cold CEA and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA). (duke.edu)
Rat alveolar macrophages bound CEA with similar specificity to that of rat Kupffer cells. (duke.edu)
Alveolar macrophages, unlike Kupffer cells, did not rapidly exocytose the internalized CEA. (duke.edu)
PAP alveolar macrophages are foamy, lipid-filled cells with impaired surfactant clearance and markedly reduced expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the PPARγ-regulated ATP binding cassette (ABC) lipid transporter, ABCG1. (ecu.edu)
Both infect cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and cause lifelong infections. (mdpi.com)
Our aim was to mimic this barrier with primary human alveolar cells. (helmholtz-hzi.de)

We are currently utilizing a range of mouse genetic models to better understand alveolar macrophage development and function in the airway. (daneparkerlab.com)
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, alveolar macrophages are critical regulators of Th2 immunity and their dysregulation promotes an inflammatory environment with exacerbation of allergen-induced airway pathology. (ox.ac.uk)

Infant Alveolar Macrophages Are Unable to Effectively Contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (bvsalud.org)

Treatment of human alveolar macrophages (AMs) with the synthetic GC dexamethasone (Dex) did not alter the expression of TLRs −1, −4, and −6. (frontiersin.org)
These observations demonstrate that human AM might either enhance immune function or exert an antiphlogistic effect within the alveolar milieu in response to inhaled foreign antigens. (johnshopkins.edu)

Alveolar macrophages are phagocytes that play a critical role in homeostasis, host defense, and tissue remodeling. (wikipedia.org)
BACKGROUND: Alveolar macrophages are sentinels of the pulmonary mucosa and central to maintaining immunological homeostasis. (ox.ac.uk)

Two common viral pathogens of swine, namely, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), were investigated in regard to their effects on monolayer cultures of swine alveolar macrophages (AMs). (scienceopen.com)

Macrophages treated with JBT-101 demonstrated a reduced production of two important pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6) compared to stimulated macrophages untreated by JBT-101. (corbuspharma.com)

Oil Red O intensity of PAP alveolar macrophages decreased after treatment, indicating reduced intracellular lipid while extracellular free cholesterol increased in BAL fluid. (ecu.edu)

The bronchoalveolar leukocytes from quartz-inflamed lung were separated into macrophage-enriched and neutrophil-enriched populations on density gradients. (hw.ac.uk)

Comparative study on the toxicity of methyl linoleate-9,10-ozonide and cumene hydroperoxide to alveolar macrophages. (wur.nl)

This response was specific to smoke as macrophages response to LPS were not modulated by glutathione. (stir.ac.uk)
The specific role of alveolar macrophages (AM) in modulating the local cellular immune response to antigens is controversial. (johnshopkins.edu)

Objectives This study sought to determine whether rituximab therapy would restore lipid metabolism in PAP alveolar macrophages. (ecu.edu)
Conclusions Reduction in GM-CSF autoantibodies by rituximab therapy improves alveolar macrophage lipid metabolism by increasing lipid transport and surfactant catabolism. (ecu.edu)

Aaron Scott, Ph.D., from the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, and colleagues compared the effect of unvaped ECL to ECVC on alveolar macrophage function. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)

Here, we describe an intratracheally instilled lentiviral system able to deliver genes selectively to as many as 70% of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the mouse lung. (jci.org)

These pro-inflammatory mediators have been previously shown to be abnormally over-expressed by CF alveolar macrophages at both basal and LPS-stimulated conditions compared to macrophages from healthy donors. (corbuspharma.com)

HealthDay News - Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor condensate (ECVC) is significantly more toxic to alveolar macrophages than e-cigarette liquid (ECL), according to a study published online Aug. 13 in Thorax . (pulmonologyadvisor.com)

RNA sequencing provides exquisite insight into the manipulation of the alveolar macrophage by tubercle bacilli. (ox.ac.uk)

Mechanisms may involve GM-CSF stimulation of alveolar macrophage ABCG1 and LPLA2 activities by distinct pathways. (ecu.edu)

The researchers observed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability in macrophage culture with ECL or ECVC. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)

A prolonged macrophage lifespan, rather than precursor cell proliferation, accounted for the surprisingly sustained presence of transduced AMs. (jci.org)
Incubation of alveolar macrophages in hypoosmotic K(+)-containing buffers results in persistent cell swelling and an inability to undergo regulatory volume decrease. (silverchair.com)

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