• Alternatively a macrocyclic lactone can be used to treat for scab and will also be part of the strategy to remove resistant worms. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Strains of Dirofilaria immitis suspected of lack of efficacy (LOE) to macrocyclic lactone (ML) preventive drugs have been increasingly reported in dogs by practicing veterinarians since 2005 in the Lower Mississippi Delta region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2005, an evaluation of the efficacy of heartworm preventive products was published by the Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that reported concerns of an increased number of reports by practicing veterinarians on lack of efficacy (LOE) of macrocyclic lactone (ML) preventive drugs [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone helenalin found in Arnica inhibits the transcription factor NF-kappaB by directly targeting p65. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • The sesquiterpene lactone helenalin is a potent anti-inflammatory drug whose molecular mechanism of action remains unclear despite numerous investigations. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • This sesquiterpene lactone is the first anti-inflammatory agent shown to exert its effect by directly modifying NF-kappaB. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Background: Most diabetic patients sensitized to FreeStyle Libre react to isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), with a considerable number of them also showing unexpected positive patch test reactions to sesquiterpene lactone (SL) mix (SLM) tested in the baseline series. (lu.se)
  • Carpesium abrotanoides L. is rich in sesquiterpene lactones, the experiments of anti-tumor activity in vitro showed that total sesquiterpene lactone extracts exhibited the most cytotoxicity activities against HepG-2 cells (IC 50 = 4.2 μg/mL). (researchsquare.com)
  • Three sesquiterpene lactone compounds, 2 α ,5 α -dihydroxy-11 α H-eudesma-4(15)-en-12,8 β -olide ( 1 ), telekin ( 2 ), oxoeudesm-11(13)-eno-12,8 α -lactone ( 3 ) were obtained. (researchsquare.com)
  • In conclusion, three sesquiterpene lactone compounds inhibited the proliferation of HepG-2 cells via suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure (−C(=O)−O−), or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. (wikipedia.org)
  • Esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids and lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. (georganics.sk)
  • Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure (C(=O)O). Lactones are formed by intramolecular esterification. (inra.fr)
  • In 1880 the German chemist Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig extended the name "lactone" to all intramolecular carboxylic esters. (wikipedia.org)
  • Special methods are normally required for the laboratory synthesis of small-ring lactones as well as those that contain rings larger than six-membered. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many methods in ester synthesis can also be applied to that of lactones. (wikipedia.org)
  • In one industrial synthesis of oxandrolone the key lactone-forming step is an organic reaction - esterification. (wikipedia.org)
  • The synthesis of conjugated and nonconjugated unsaturated 4-substituted lactones of type 1 and 2 are described. (ac.rs)
  • TY - JOUR AU - Husinec, Suren AU - Savić, Vladimir PY - 2000 UR - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/259 AB - The synthesis of conjugated and nonconjugated unsaturated 4-substituted lactones of type 1 and 2 are described. (ac.rs)
  • article{ author = "Husinec, Suren and Savić, Vladimir", year = "2000", abstract = "The synthesis of conjugated and nonconjugated unsaturated 4-substituted lactones of type 1 and 2 are described. (ac.rs)
  • Husinec S, Savić V. The synthesis of some unsaturated 4-substituted-g-lactones. (ac.rs)
  • The chiral lactone 5-butyl-4-methyloxolan-2-one or 5-butyl-4-methyldihydro-2(3 H )-furanone, often named whisky lactone, is found in oak wood, then contributing to the appreciated flavor of beverages stored in such wooden barrels. (researcher-app.com)
  • 3S, 4S isomers, commonly known as whisky lactone or oak lactone, are important components in the aroma of whisky (first discovered by Suomalainen and Nyk ä nen in 1970) and other alcoholic beverages aged in oak barrels. (zhishangchemical.com)
  • Whisky lactone or β- Methyl- γ- All four stereoisomers of octolactone are found in nature, especially in oak used to make aged whisky, wine and brandy barrels. (zhishangchemical.com)
  • Recently, whisky lactone has been identified as the source of coconut smell in grape brandy such as cognac and Yawenyi brandy. (zhishangchemical.com)
  • Takashi Tanaka and Isao Kouno (1996), Whisky Lactone Precursors from the Wood of Platycarya strobilacea. (zhishangchemical.com)
  • Cross-reactions between IBOA and the three components of SLM (alantolactone, costunolide, and dehydrocostus lactone) seem unlikely, because of their different spatial structures. (lu.se)
  • Changes in the level of dehydrocostus lactone, gallic acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural during the different stages of manufacture were monitored. (who.int)
  • Lactones are formed by intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids, which takes place spontaneously when the ring that is formed is five- or six-membered. (wikipedia.org)
  • Naturally occurring lactones are mainly saturated and unsaturated γ- and δ-lactones, and to a lesser extent macrocyclic lactones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Homopolymers and copolymers of lactones are prepared by ring-opening polymerization of a mixture of lactones which includes a monolactone, such as .epsilon. (rti.org)
  • Lactones are usually named according to the precursor acid molecule (aceto = 2 carbon atoms, propio = 3, butyro = 4, valero = 5, capro = 6, etc.), with a -lactone suffix and a Greek letter prefix that specifies the number of carbon atoms in the heterocycle - that is, the distance between the relevant -OH and the -COOH groups along said backbone. (wikipedia.org)
  • The name lactone derives from the ring compound called lactide, which is formed from the dehydration of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (lactic acid) CH3-CH(OH)-COOH. (wikipedia.org)
  • An internal dehydration reaction within the same molecule of lactic acid would have produced alpha-propiolactone, a lactone with a 3-membered ring. (wikipedia.org)
  • The γ-lactones γ-octalactone, γ-nonalactone, γ-decalactone, γ-undecalactone can be prepared in good yield in a one-step process by radical addition of primary fatty alcohols to acrylic acid, using di-tert-butyl peroxide as a catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
  • In efforts to develop genetically-encoded molecular reporters, we previously engineered an AraC variant that responds to the compound triacetic acid lactone (TAL). (doe.gov)
  • It was then found that on reducing the lactone of the acid obtained from d-mannonic acid, ordinary glucose resulted. (yourdictionary.com)
  • On reducing the lactone prepared from the inactive acid an inactive galactose is obtained from which l-galactose may be separated by fermentation. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Sedanolic acid readily decomposes into water and its lactone sedanolid, C 12 H 18 0 2, the odorous constituent of celery oil. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Another popular methods of preparation are alcoholysis of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides, transesterification and the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone. (georganics.sk)
  • The γ- and δ-lactones are intramolecular esters of the corresponding hydroxy fatty acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • They both can be prepared by esterification from corresponding acids and alcohols but in case of lactones this process is intramolecular. (georganics.sk)
  • The reactions of lactones are similar to those of esters, as exemplified by gamma-lactone in the following sections: Heating a lactone with a base (sodium hydroxide) will hydrolyse the lactone to its parent compound, the straight chained bifunctional compound. (wikipedia.org)
  • Why are lactones more acidic than esters? (stackexchange.com)
  • abstract = "Three lactones were isolated from the culture medium of the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. (arizona.edu)
  • Atorvastatin lactone diepoxide is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a cholesterol-lowering drug. (clearsynth.com)
  • Cis - 3-Methyl-4-octanolide, also known as cis- β- methyl- γ- Octalactone or 5-butyldihydro-4-methylfuran-2 (3 H) - one, a compound of lactone family, chemical formula C9H16O2. (zhishangchemical.com)
  • The applicable subheading for Benzoyl-Corey Lactone, CAS 39746-00-4, will be 2932.29.3000 Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS), which provides for Lactone: Aromatic: Other: Other: Products described in additional U.S. note 3 to section VI. (faqs.org)
  • To obtain the preferred IUPAC names, lactones are named as heterocyclic pseudoketones by adding the suffix 'one', 'dione', 'thione', etc. and the appropriate multiplicative prefixes to the name of the heterocyclic parent hydride. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most stable structure for lactones are the 5-membered γ-lactones and 6-membered δ-lactones because, as in all organic cycles, 5 and 6 membered rings minimize the strain of bond angles. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to study the direct enantioseparation of both lactones by gas chromatography on chiral stationary phases, individual enantiomers, particularly for cognac lactone were made available. (researcher-app.com)
  • This was achieved by baker's yeast reduction of synthesized ethyl 3-methyl-4-oxononanoate or, after hydrolysis, of the corresponding 4-ketoacid, that gave access to individual enantiomers of cognac lactone. (researcher-app.com)
  • The influence of the nature and position of derivatization of the cyclodextrin moiety revealed a strong impact on the chiral recognition mechanism, as the investigated alkylated derivatives heptakis-(2,6-di- O - iso -pentyl-3- O -allyl)-β-cyclodextrin and octakis-(2,3-di- O -pentyl-6- O -methyl)-γ-cyclodextrin did not provide any or only minor chiral selectivity for the two lactones. (researcher-app.com)
  • Heartworm ( Dirofilaria immitis ) disease continues to increase and spread, remaining one of the most important and pathogenic parasitic diseases of dogs, despite the regular use of macrocyclic lactones (MLs) in preventive products. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GDL is a carbohydrate that contains a lactone group. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Biomaterials from sugars: ring-opening polymerization of a carbohydrate lactone. (ox.ac.uk)
  • ring-opening polymerization of the lactone yields a functionalized cyclic aliphatic polyester. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Solvent-LiBF4 phase diagrams, ionic association and solubility - cyclic carbonates and lactones. (ncsu.edu)
  • Atorvastatin lactone diepoxide is a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, which is an enzyme responsible for the production of cholesterol in the liver. (clearsynth.com)
  • By inhibiting this enzyme, atorvastatin lactone diepoxide reduces the amount of cholesterol in the blood, which can help to prevent cardiovascular disease. (clearsynth.com)
  • γ-Nonanoic lactone is an oak lactone commonly found in wines aged in oak barrels. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • the process gives high yields and moderate stereoselectivity, favoring the cis lactone over trans by a factor of 5:1. (princeton.edu)
  • An alternative radical reaction yielding γ-lactones is the manganese-mediated coupling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reaction (e) is a special case for hydroxyl lactone s which results in cleavage across the lactone ring. (yourdictionary.com)
  • Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan lactone + H2O = endosulfan hydroxycarboxylate + H+. (planteome.org)
  • Reaction of N -Acylhomoserine Lactones with Hydroxyl Radicals:" by Rebecca L. Frey, Lijian He et al. (sc.edu)
  • Of the naturally occurring bicyclic lactones, phthalides are responsible for the odors of celery and lovage oils, and coumarin for woodruff. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Lactams and β-lactones display such privileged structures and have demonstrated unprecedented value as probes. (rsc.org)
  • In conclusion, atorvastatin lactone diepoxide is a useful medication for the treatment of high cholesterol levels in the blood. (clearsynth.com)
  • This review provides an overview on β-lactam and β-lactone probes and recent advances in their applications in chemical biology. (rsc.org)
  • Benzoyl-Corey Lactone, CAS 39746-00-4, also known as 5-(Benzoyloxy)hexahydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one, is imported in bulk to be used as a pharmaceutical and chemical intermediate. (faqs.org)
  • As a whiskey lactone supplier and manufacturer with strict standard product quality system certificate, Zhishang Chemical has long been providing the best whiskey lactone raw materials to customers all over the world. (zhishangchemical.com)
  • If you have demand for whiskey lactone and related products, please contact our service staff Zhishang Chemical - White directly, we will provide you with high-quality products at the best price. (zhishangchemical.com)
  • Based on the very abundant and frequent use of ivermectin and other macrocyclic lactones (with cross-resistance to ivermectin) in livestock it must be assumed that resistance of these roundworms to this chemical class will continue spreading and strengthening in the future. (parasitipedia.net)
  • β-lactones do exist, but can only be made by special methods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ghantous A, Gali-Muhtasib H, Vuorela H, Saliba NA, Darwiche N (2010) What Made Sesquiterpene Lactones Reach Cancer Clinical Trials? (who.int)
  • The type 1 lactone was prepared by a two step procedure employing Bredereck's reagent. (ac.rs)
  • The type 2 lactone was synthesized by combining the Claisen-Ireland rearrangement and selenolactonisation. (ac.rs)
  • Lactones are present in oak wood, and they contribute to the flavour profile of Barrel-aged beers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Good enantioseparation was achieved for both whisky and cognac lactone with high values for the chiral resolution with 6- O - tert . (researcher-app.com)
  • Link to all direct and indirect annotations to endosulfan lactone lactonase activity. (planteome.org)
  • Link to all annotated objects annotated to endosulfan lactone lactonase activity. (planteome.org)
  • Activity against Plasmodium falciparum of lactones isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. (arizona.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Activity against Plasmodium falciparum of lactones isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. (arizona.edu)