EnzymeProteinsPorcine kidneyXanthine oxidaseActivatorSchizophreniaEnzymesDAAOInhibitorSulfiteMonoamineAldehyde oxidaseCholesterol OxidaseInhibitorsSequencesMitochondrialPorphyrinEncodesMulticopperDefectsCatalyzesOxidationMetabolism DisordersAssaysDehydrogenaseProlineApoptosisCofactorGenesSubstrate1999SequenceEnzymaticGlutamicLiverOrganicNitrogenSpeciesZincEukaryotesAbstractActivityBacteriaSynthesisIonsProcedureApproachActivitiesImbalance
Enzyme14
- also OXDA, DAMOX) is an enzyme with the function on a molecular level to oxidize D-amino acids to the corresponding α-keto acids, producing ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. (wikipedia.org)
- The enzyme is most active toward neutral D-amino acids, and not active toward acidic D-amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
- This enzyme is a flavoprotein belonging to the FAD dependent oxidoreductase family, and acts on the CH-NH2 group of D-amino acid donors with oxygen as acceptor. (wikipedia.org)
- Here we report a method using lentivirus-delivered RNAi to knockdown the glial enzyme, D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), in the mouse cerebellum. (ox.ac.uk)
- D-amino acid oxidase is increasingly used in various fields, which requires the development of new variants of the enzyme with specific properties. (actanaturae.ru)
- In bacteria, yeast, and fungi, the main role of this enzyme is limited to the utilization of exogenous D-amino acids (primarily D-Ala) [ 1 , 2 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
- For example, DAAO from the yeast Trigonopsis variabilis is used in the two-enzyme biocatalytic process for the production of 7-aminocephalosporonic acid (7-ACA) from cephalosporin C [ 10 , 11 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
- Inherited defects in the sulfite oxidase enzyme can cause the phenotype of sulfite oxidase deficiency. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] The enzyme sulfite oxidase depends on the molybdenum-containing pterin cofactor, as do the enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. (medscape.com)
- Methionine and cysteine normally are metabolized to sulfite and then are oxidized to sulfate by the enzyme sulfite oxidase (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- Glycated valines then serve as a substrate for recombinant fructosyl valine oxidase (FVO) enzyme. (ga.com)
- Rv3409c of M. tuberculosis H37Rv was annotated as a putative cholesterol oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes cholesterol modification, based on low similarities with established cholesterol oxidase genes. (suny.edu)
- 8. Monoamine oxidase, a predominantly mitochondrial enzyme, was greatly elevated in the serum after 1 day but had returned to normal activities by 8 days. (portlandpress.com)
- Coproporphyria is an autosomal dominant disease that results from defects in the enzyme coproporphyrinogen oxidase. (medscape.com)
Proteins5
- After analysis of deduced amino acid sequences from cloned cDNAs of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and aminopeptidase A (APA), it was noticed that DPP IV and APA are type II membrane proteins that have one transmembrane domain near the N-terminus. (nature.com)
- Produced by a variety of cell types, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are able to transfer lipids, nucleic acids and proteins to recipient cells. (nature.com)
- Amino acids are "building blocks" that join together to form proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
- The long-term result of this is that toxic oligopeptides, proteins with up to ten amino acids, are present in the small intestine. (thegardenisland.com)
- Nature's design of proteins (Why was that metal or amino acid selected? (lu.se)
Porcine kidney1
- In 1935, Hans Adolf Krebs discovered D-amino acid oxidase after an experiment with porcine kidney homogenates and amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
Xanthine oxidase2
- Deficiency of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase is not known to cause neurologic disease and may not produce symptoms. (medscape.com)
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable reactive molecules, physiologically produced by xanthine oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, lipoxygenases, and mitochondria [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Activator1
- Although, the G72 gene, which reportedly encodes the D-amino acid oxidase activator, may be involved in the development of schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
Schizophrenia2
- Currently, the link between human D-amino acid oxidase (hDAAO) activity and schizophrenia is being researched. (wikipedia.org)
- The preliminary results show promise for D-amino acid oxidase inhibition as a novel approach for new drug development for schizophrenia. (biu.ac.il)
Enzymes2
- Molybdenum cofactor is associated with the enzymes sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- In normal digestion these long strands of protein are broken down by digestive enzymes, which break off groups of amino acids called peptides. (thegardenisland.com)
DAAO4
- By targeting this and other D-amino acids in vertebrates, DAAO is important in detoxification. (wikipedia.org)
- D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO, EC 1.2.1.2) plays an important role in the functioning of prokaryotes as well as of lower (yeast and fungi) and higher eukaryotes (mammals). (actanaturae.ru)
- A good example is D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO, EC 1.4.3.3). (actanaturae.ru)
- In higher eukaryotes - vertebrates and especially in mammals, the main role of DAAO is to maintain a certain level of D-amino acids, which are regulators of many important processes, primarily nervous activity. (actanaturae.ru)
Inhibitor2
- Sodium benzoate is a D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor. (biu.ac.il)
- Neuritogenesis was prevented by diphenylene-iodonium (an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) and superoxide dismutase, supporting the involvement of reactive oxygen species. (nih.gov)
Sulfite12
- Sulfite oxidase deficiency is an inborn error of the metabolism of sulfated amino acids. (medscape.com)
- Individuals affected with sulfite oxidase deficiency most commonly present in the neonatal period with intractable seizures, characteristic dysmorphic features, and profound intellectual disability. (medscape.com)
- Molybdenum cofactor deficiency, which affects the functioning of sulfite oxidase, leads to a similar phenotype. (medscape.com)
- Sulfite oxidase is located in the mitochondrial intermembranous space and is involved in electron transport. (medscape.com)
- As sulfite oxidase deficiency and molybdenum cofactor deficiency have virtually identical phenotypes, the CNS toxicity appears to be secondary to loss of function of sulfite oxidase. (medscape.com)
- Sulfite oxidase deficiency and molybdenum cofactor deficiency in the metabolism of sulfated amino acids. (medscape.com)
- When sulfite oxidase is deficient, alternate metabolic pathways for sulfite are augmented, including formation of metabolites s-sulfocysteine and thiosulfate. (medscape.com)
- The pathogenesis of the brain damage in those with sulfite oxidase deficiency is not known but may be related to sulfite accumulation or lack of sulfate in the CNS. (medscape.com)
- Worldwide, approximately 50 cases of sulfite oxidase deficiency have been reported. (medscape.com)
- In most cases, sulfite oxidase deficiency is fatal in infancy or early childhood. (medscape.com)
- Survivors of sulfite oxidase deficiency often have profound intellectual disability. (medscape.com)
- Traditionally, infants with sulfite oxidase deficiency were reported to present in the neonatal period. (medscape.com)
Monoamine2
- however, in allergic individuals or if monoamine oxidase inhibi. (intechopen.com)
- however, in allergic individuals or if monoamine oxidase inhibitors are applied, the detoxification process is disturbed and BAs accumulate in the body. (intechopen.com)
Aldehyde oxidase1
- [ 3 ] Aldehyde oxidase hydroxylates hypoxanthine into xanthine and functions in detoxification. (medscape.com)
Cholesterol Oxidase3
- Cholesterol Oxidase from Streptomyces sp. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Using established cholesterol oxidase assays, no cholesterol oxidizing activity was detected. (suny.edu)
- Therefore, we concluded that Rv3409c/MSMEG1604 does not encode a cholesterol oxidase. (suny.edu)
Inhibitors1
- In 1983, inhibitors for the oxidase were discovered. (wikipedia.org)
Sequences2
- However, even within one related group (bacteria, yeasts and fungi, mammals), DAAOs show very low homology between amino acid sequences. (actanaturae.ru)
- We identified cox 1 and Dp cox 1 sequences by local alignment comparison (6 reading frames) using amino acid sequences conceptually translated online ( http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/st/emboss_transeq/ ) from respective genes of the reference sequences of Diphyllobothrium spp. (cdc.gov)
Mitochondrial1
- Increasing amino acid supply in pea embryos reveals specific interactions of N and C metabolism, and highlights the importance of mitochondrial metabolism", PLANT JOURNAL , vol. 55, 2008, pp. 909-926. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Porphyrin1
- In coproporphyria, the porphyrin precursors porphobilinogen and amino-levulinic acid (ALA) accumulate, as well as the formed porphyrin coproporphyrin. (medscape.com)
Encodes1
- We propose an approach that uses bioinformatic methods in combination with general 3D structure and active center structure analysis to confirm that the gene found encodes D-amino acid oxidase and to predict the possible type of its substrate specificity. (actanaturae.ru)
Multicopper2
- Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) belongs to the subclass of the multicopper oxidase family. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) is a multicopper oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Defects2
- 3] Also, like AIP, most patients with defects in coproporphyrinogen oxidase never have any symptoms. (medscape.com)
- Defects of amino acid transport in the renal tubule include cystinuria and Hartnup disease, which are discussed elsewhere. (msdmanuals.com)
Catalyzes2
- Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the hydroxylation of xanthine and hypoxanthine to produce uric acid. (medscape.com)
- Nitroalkane oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of neutral nitroalkanes to nitrite and the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. (rcsb.org)
Oxidation1
- They contribute to many crucial metabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis of ether lipids and free radical detoxification. (genome.jp)
Metabolism Disorders2
- One group of these disorders is amino acid metabolism disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
- Overview of Amino Acid and Organic Acid Metabolism Disorders The kidneys actively reabsorb significant amounts of amino acids. (msdmanuals.com)
Assays1
- This time, however, the assays utilize only one amino acid each. (ojp.gov)
Dehydrogenase2
- It is not present in plants or in bacteria which instead use D-amino acid dehydrogenase. (wikipedia.org)
- The flavoenzyme nitroalkane oxidase is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase superfamily. (rcsb.org)
Proline3
- Prolamins are rich in proline and glutamine, two amino acids that are difficult to digest. (thegardenisland.com)
- Neither proline nor glutamine are classified as essential amino acids. (thegardenisland.com)
- Proline is degraded using an oxidase, which converts proline into glutamic acid using glutamate-gamma-semialdehyde. (thegardenisland.com)
Apoptosis2
- Purification, partial characterization, crystallization and structural determination of AHP-LAAO, a novel L-amino-acid oxidase with cell apoptosis-inducing activity from Agkistrodon halys pallas venom. (expasy.org)
- L-amino acid oxidase from snake venom: Biotransformation and induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer. (tbdb.org)
Cofactor1
- Shortly after, Warburg and Christian observed the oxidase had a FAD cofactor making it the second flavoenzyme to be discovered. (wikipedia.org)
Genes1
- Some of these genes may be involved in glutaminergic (involving the neurotransmitter amino acid glutamate) function (neuregulin-1, dysbindin, and D-amino-acid acid oxidase. (pharmacology2000.com)
Substrate1
- The oxygens of the substrate nitro group interact both with amino acid residues and with the 2'-hydroxyl of the FAD. (rcsb.org)
19991
- In animals, lead has been shown to alter a number of neurotransmitter systems including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and gamma- aminobutyric acid systems (ATSDR 1999). (cdc.gov)
Sequence3
- N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the purified DPP IV revealed that the N-terminus is not processed. (nature.com)
- The smaller polypeptide of M(r) ~73 kDa yielded an N-terminal amino-acid sequence that was homologous to laccase-like polyphenol oxidases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), poplar (Populus euramericana (Dode) Guinier) and Arabidopsis. (who.int)
- The larger polypeptide (M(r) ~77 kDa) yielded an N-terminal amino-acid sequence that was homologous with a range of plant subtilisin-like serine proteinases. (who.int)
Enzymatic3
- The enzymatic assay targets alanine and employs alanine transaminase (ALT), pyruvate oxidase (POx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). (ojp.gov)
- Glycohemoglobin is produced by non-enzymatic addition of glucose to amino groups in hemoglobin. (ga.com)
- BAs in food can occur by free amino acid enzymatic decarboxylation and other metabolic processes. (intechopen.com)
Glutamic1
- The glutamic acid in turn must be converted into glutamine so that it can be transported to the brain, where it is necessary for protein synthesis. (thegardenisland.com)
Liver1
- 5. Liver catalase and d-amino acid oxidase activities showed a slight increase at 1 day post-ligation but a significant fall by 8 days. (portlandpress.com)
Organic3
- By using random sampling in the ensuing flux space, we found that storage of glycogen or exudation of organic acids are favored when the growth is nitrogen limited, while exudation of amino acids becomes more likely when phosphate is the limiting resource. (biorxiv.org)
- We next used COMETS to simulate day-night cycles and found that the model displays dynamic glycogen allocation and exudation of organic acids. (biorxiv.org)
- The dental caries is a pathological process of microbiological etiology resulting in the local destruction of dental tissues by the dissolution of the mineral phase (mainly constituted by hydroxyapatite crystals) by organic acids from the bacterial fermentation. (bvsalud.org)
Nitrogen1
- Leaf Amino Acid Supply Affects Photosynthetic and Plant Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Nitrogen Stress. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Species1
- In all species where oxidase activity was detected histochemically, it was expressed in cell walls of lignifying, differentiating xylem cells and was absent from old wood, cambium and phloem, suggesting that oxidases have a conservative role in lignification of tree xylem. (who.int)
Zinc1
- A portion of the total oxidase activity had high affinity for immobilized zinc ions and this feature allowed it to be separated from the bulk of oxidase activity. (who.int)
Eukaryotes2
- While D-amino acid oxidase differs to some extent between various organisms, the structure is basically the same across most eukaryotes, excluding plants. (wikipedia.org)
- Each monomer is composed of 347 amino acids in human DAO, though among other eukaryotes the protein can range from 345 to 368 amino acids long. (wikipedia.org)
Abstract1
- abstract = "The action of L-aminoacylase and L-amino acid oxidase on the stereoisomers of 2-amino-3-methylpent-4-enoic acid was examined, to secure stereochemically pure compounds related to L-alloisoleucine. (elsevierpure.com)
Activity4
- The consensus is that DAO is produced and is active in glial cells, most specifically in cerebellar type-1 and type-2 astrocytes, and the D-serine amino acid that is produced by DAO in these cells has been shown to increase synaptic NMDA receptor activity. (wikipedia.org)
- and gymnosperms (Ginkgo biloba L.), oxidase activity was associated with cell walls of developing xylem and was enriched in extracts of cell wall-associated glycoproteins. (who.int)
- Two polypeptides that could have been responsible for the bound oxidase activity were enriched by this procedure. (who.int)
- Glucose 6-phosphatase activity and ribonucleic acid, which are localized predominantly in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, were increased. (portlandpress.com)
Bacteria1
- The acids fermented by the cariogenic bacteria are diffused within the enamel and dissociated in hydrogen ion (H+), promoting the reduction of the pH of the medium, as well as the dissolution of calcium phosphate from the tissues, consequently with structural loss 2 . (bvsalud.org)
Synthesis1
- An inherited metabolic disorder that is characterized by impaired synthesis and degradation of amino acids. (mcw.edu)
Ions1
- Bilirubin Oxidase is composed of three cupredoxin-like domains that result in two active sites formed by four copper ions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Procedure1
- In the upcoming years other scientists developed and improved the purification procedure for a porcine D-amino acid oxidase. (wikipedia.org)
Approach1
- The effectiveness of the proposed approach for discrimination of DAAOs and glycine oxidases is shown. (actanaturae.ru)
Activities1
- The roles of oxidase and proteinase activities in developing xylem are discussed. (who.int)
Imbalance1
- Together with pH determination, bicarbonate measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous potentially serious disorders associated with acid-base imbalance in the respiratory and metabolic systems. (cdc.gov)