Jc virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

The JC virus, or John Cunningham virus, is a ubiquitous, typically harmless polyomavirus that can cause PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) in immunocompromised individuals. (hbot-india.com)
The John Cunningham virus (JCV) is the established etiological agent of the polyomavirus-associated nephropathy among renal transplant recipients. (biomedcentral.com)
The John Cunningham virus (JCV) is an ubiquitous human polyomavirus that was first discovered in 1971 from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparison of polyomavirus (BK virus and JC viruses) viruria in renal transplant recipients with and without kidney dysfunction. (ac.ir)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by widespread lesions due to infection of oligodendrocytes by JC virus, a ubiquitous human polyomavirus estimated to latently infect the kidneys of 50% of adults. (medscape.com)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by reactivation of the endemic JC polyomavirus. (medscape.com)
5 This DNA virus, so labelled after the initials of the patient whose tissue was used to isolate it, is a member of the genus Polyomavirus in the family Papovaviridae , which also includes BK virus and SV 40 virus. (bmj.com)
JC is a member of the polyomavirus genus of the Papovaviridae family. (bmj.com)

In addition to acute viral encephalitis, other less established and more unusual manifestations of viral infections include progressive neurologic disorders, such as postinfectious encephalomyelitis (such as may occur after measles or Nipah virus encephalitis) and conditions such as postpoliomyelitis syndrome, which has been considered by some to be as a persistent manifestation of poliovirus infection. (medscape.com)
An unusual CNS involvement leading to microcephaly due to infection of pregnant women by Zika virus has also been recently reported and highlights the constant need to look for new types of neurological manifestations of viral infections in humans. (medscape.com)
Examples of slow virus diseases include HIV/AIDS, caused by the HIV virus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, the rare result of a measles virus infection, and Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans), which may be associated with paramyxoviruses, especially the measles virus and the human respiratory syncytial virus. (wikipedia.org)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. (medscape.com)
Influenza pneumonia: Amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride are approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza A virus infection. (medscape.com)
The JC virus is an example of an infection that specifically targets glia, the brain's support cells," said neurologist Steve Goldman, M.D., Ph.D., co-director of University of Rochester Center for Translational Neuromedicine and senior author of the paper. (sciencedaily.com)
Once there, the virus can trigger PML, an almost uniformly fatal infection of the white matter of the brain. (sciencedaily.com)
Using the new animal model, Goldman and his team were able to track the impact of the JC virus infection as it unfolded in real time. (sciencedaily.com)
The astrocytes serve as hosts for the virus to replicate and mutate, to the point where the cells literally explode and spread the infection in a chain reaction-like pattern. (sciencedaily.com)
PML is a rare and serious brain infection caused by the John Cunningham (JC) virus. (fda.gov)
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections Herpes simplex viruses (human herpesviruses types 1 and 2) commonly cause recurrent infection affecting the skin, mouth, lips, eyes, and genitals. (merckmanuals.com)
The CD4+ T-lymphocyte is the primary target for HIV infection because of the affinity of the virus for the CD4 surface marker (3). (cdc.gov)
Infection with the BK virus (BKV): In 1971, a renal transplant recipient suffering from ureteric stenosis had the BK virus isolated from his urine. (openpr.com)
3 Chronic HCV infection develops in about 70% of patients exposed to the virus. (cmaj.ca)
4. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (14.00F). HIV infection may be characterized by increased susceptibility to common infections as well as opportunistic infections, cancers, or other conditions listed in 14.11. (ssa.gov)

[ 1 ] It is a small non-enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that was identified as the etiological agent in 1967 and was named JC virus in 1971 after John Cunningham, from whom it was first isolated. (medscape.com)

JC virus reactivation during prolonged natalizumab monotherapy for multiple sclerosis. (rush.edu)
Despite the high incidence of reactivation of the JC virus in recipients of renal transplantation, a small fraction of patients eventually show JC virus-associated nephropathy, which may lead to rejection of the transplant [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Alternatively, latent reactivation of the virus can occur in the brain itself in this setting. (medscape.com)

The aetiological agent of PML is the JC virus, named for the initials of the patient from whom it was initially isolated. (bmj.com)

January 13, 2023 -- Baylor College of Medicine and Washington University School of Medicine researchers studied posoleucel, an investigational off-the-shelf T-cell therapy that simultaneously targets six different viruses. (scienceboard.net)
BK virus infections Pipeline Insight, 2023" report by DelveInsight outlines comprehensive insights into the present clinical development scenario and growth prospects across the BK virus infections Market. (openpr.com)

Previously, scientists believed that the JC virus attacked and killed oligodendrocytes, thereby destroying the brain's ability to produce myelin. (sciencedaily.com)
They observed that the initial target of the virus was, in fact, astrocytes and, to a lesser extent, glial progenitor cells, the cells that give rise to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (sciencedaily.com)
The virus does eventually infect and kill oligodendrocytes once the viral load in the brain reaches a tipping point, but these cells are not responsible for spreading the disease in the brain. (sciencedaily.com)
Once oligodendrocytes begin to die off, myelin is lost, and since glial progenitor cells are also targeted by the virus, the brain loses its ability to replenish the lost myelin. (sciencedaily.com)
Astrocytes seem to be the main target of the virus, and oligodendrocytes are essentially innocent bystanders caught in the crossfire. (sciencedaily.com)

Provocative studies have found high antibody seroprevalence to viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, and Lyssa viruses in multiple African countries, indicating the presence of a high number of undiagnosed cases every year, including high neutralizing titers of antibodies to rabies virus in 11% of a small cohort of asymptomatic Peruvians living in the Amazon with prior exposure to bats. (medscape.com)
Biogen Idec and Elan Corporation last week announced submissions to both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) requesting updates to the label of natalizumab ( Tysabri ), allowing it to be considered as first-line therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who are negative for antibodies to the JC virus (JCV) on a test also developed by the companies ( STRATIFY JCV ). (medscape.com)
As many as 90% of healthy individuals have serum antibodies to this virus, but less than 10% show any evidence of ongoing viral replication. (medscape.com)
Approximately 80-90% of individuals worldwide have BKV antibodies, indicating that they have already been infected or exposed to the virus. (openpr.com)

an allogeneic, off-the-shelf multi-virus specific T cell therapy that targets six viral pathogens: BK virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6 and JC virus. (ucsf.edu)
Posoleucel, an allogeneic therapy comprising donor T cells, targets six of the most common viruses in patients following allo-SCT: adenovirus, BK virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus 6, and JC virus. (scienceboard.net)
Within six weeks of treatment, 83% of the 12 adenovirus patients responded, as did 100% of the 27 BK virus patients, 96% of the 24 CMV patients, 100% of the two Epstein-Barr virus patients, and 75% of the four human herpes virus 6 patients. (scienceboard.net)

Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)

Clinically relevant involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by viruses is an uncommon event, considering the overwhelming number of individuals affected by the different human viral infections. (medscape.com)
Susceptibility to viral infections including herpes viruses and polyoma JC virus is recognized ( 4 - 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Posoleucel is the first T-cell therapy to target BK virus, which can cause severe, painful bladder infections requiring immediate treatment. (scienceboard.net)
There were 70 total viral infections in the trial population, primarily from CMV and BK virus. (scienceboard.net)
Las Vegas, Nevada, United States) As per DelveInsight's assessment, globally, BK virus infections pipeline constitutes 4+ key companies continuously working towards developing 4+ BK virus infections treatment therapies, analysis of Clinical Trials, Therapies, Mechanism of Action, Route of Administration, and Developments analyzes DelveInsight. (openpr.com)
The BK virus infections Pipeline report embraces in-depth commercial and clinical assessment of the pipeline products from the pre-clinical developmental phase to the marketed phase. (openpr.com)
Companies across the globe are diligently working toward developing novel BK virus infections treatment therapies with a considerable amount of success over the years. (openpr.com)
Emerging BK virus infections therapies in the different phases of clinical trials are- BK virus antiviral therapy, AIC 468, AntiBKV antibody, Brincidofovir, MAU868, ALVR 105, and others are expected to have a significant impact on the BK virus infections market in the coming years. (openpr.com)
BK virus infections pipeline report provides the therapeutic assessment of the pipeline drugs by the Route of Administration. (openpr.com)
During viral infections, the complex and dynamic distributions of variants, termed viral quasispecies, play a key role in the adaptability of viruses to changing environments and the fate of the population as a whole. (springer.com)

Encephalitis is most commonly due to viruses, such as herpes simplex, herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus. (merckmanuals.com)

In October 2021, Posoleucel (ViralymM, ALVR105) was given Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). (openpr.com)

The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. (medscape.com)
We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. (frontiersin.org)

Treatment involves antiviral drugs when indicated (eg, in herpes simplex virus encephalitis) and is otherwise supportive. (merckmanuals.com)

Encephalitis is inflammation of the parenchyma of the brain, resulting from direct viral invasion or occurring as a postinfectious immunologic complication caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to a virus or another foreign protein. (merckmanuals.com)
Viruses causing primary encephalitis directly invade the brain. (merckmanuals.com)

Because this virus only infects human glia and not brain cells in other species, it has eluded our efforts to better understand this disease. (sciencedaily.com)
However, in some individuals with compromised immune systems -- either because of a disease or from taking immunosuppressive drugs -- the virus can become active and eventually make its way into the brain. (sciencedaily.com)
Until now, it has been almost impossible to study the progression of disease or test new therapies, because the virus only attacks a specific human brain cell type called glia. (sciencedaily.com)
and live-virus vaccines (eg, the older rabies vaccines prepared from sheep or goat brain). (merckmanuals.com)

The virus infects other cells from a central nidus in a circumferential manner, leading to the expansion of the demyelinating lesion. (medscape.com)
In a pandemic, a new influenza virus emerges and infects the human population which has little or no pre-existing immunity ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

Since the onset of the AIDS epidemic in 1981, the incidence of PML has increased significantly and now human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated cases account for up to 85% of all cases of PML. (bmj.com)
REVISED HIV CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS The etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a retrovirus designated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (medlineplus.gov)
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is the final and most serious stage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. (i-sis.org.uk)

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Pig Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Antibody (IgG) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. (essentialbiosafety.info)
A slow virus is a virus, or a viruslike agent, etiologically associated with a slow virus disease. (wikipedia.org)
A slow virus disease is a disease that, after an extended period of latency, follows a slow, progressive course spanning months to years, frequently involves the central nervous system, and in most cases progresses to death. (wikipedia.org)
JC virus & BK virus only cause disease in immunocompromised patients Was once thought to be due to a slow virus but is now known to be the result of Prion disease. (wikipedia.org)
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. (medscape.com)
This disease -- which is caused by the JC virus -- is most frequently found in people with suppressed immune systems and, until now, scientists have had no effective way to study it or test new treatments. (sciencedaily.com)
For the vast majority of these people, the virus will never become infective or trigger any disease in their lifetimes. (sciencedaily.com)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in more lost years of life and more illness than any infectious disease in Ontario. (cmaj.ca)
While a virus is involved in the development of this disease, it is increasingly understood that the key trigger is linked to anthropogenic disturbances of the environment. (nature.com)
Airaksinen A, Pariente N, Menendez-Arias L, Domingo E (2003) Curing of foot-and-mouth disease virus from persistently infected cellsby ribavirin involves enhanced mutagenesis. (springer.com)
Borrego B, Novella IS, Giralt E, Andreu D, Domingo E (1993) Distinct repertoire of antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the presence or absence of immune selection. (springer.com)
This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)

Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the anti jc virus antibody tysabri reagents distributed by Genprice. (essentialbiosafety.info)
The Anti Jc Virus Antibody Tysabri reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (essentialbiosafety.info)

The virus is thought to enter the body via the respiratory or oral route. (medscape.com)
Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. (mdpi.com)
Respiratory viruses can also exacerbate asthma and lead to various types of respiratory distress syndromes. (mdpi.com)
Influenza is known to be transmitted through respiratory secretions containing the virus. (cdc.gov)
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Doi: 10.1111/irv.12390. (cdc.gov)

Examples of retroviruses are the human immunodeficiency viruses and the human T-cell leukemia viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

Hepatitis C virus affects 250 000 to 400 000 Canadians and may lead to progressive liver fibrosis. (cmaj.ca)

Chumakov KM, Powers LB, Noonan KE, Roninson IB, Levenbook IS (1991) Correlation between amount of virus with altered nucleotide sequence and the monkey test for acceptability of oral poliovirus vaccine. (springer.com)

2020). "Slow Viruses & Prions. (wikipedia.org)

In March 2021, In order to assess ALVR105 (Viralym-M), an allogeneic, commercially available multi-virus specific T cell treatment, AlloVir started a Phase III trial. (openpr.com)

According to a study of HIV-negative controls and HIV-positive patients with or without PML, a third of individuals from all subgroups had JC virus DNA in the urine. (medscape.com)

HIV gene products, such as Tat, may be able to transactivate the JC viral promoter directly. (medscape.com)

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may help improve immune response and reduce inflammation, potentially contributing to the management of JC virus-related conditions. (hbot-india.com)

Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)

Briones C, Domingo E, Molina-París C (2003) Memory in retroviral quasispecies: experimental evidence and theoretical model for human immunodeficiency virus. (springer.com)
Charpentier C, Dwyer DE, Mammano F, Lecossier D, Clavel F, Hance AJ (2004) Role of minority populations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the evolution of viral resistance to protease inhibitors. (springer.com)
But in 1984, the US government researchers proposed that a virus, now termed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is the cause of the epidemic in US and Europe, and also in Africa. (i-sis.org.uk)

Although antiviral drugs such as Oseltamivir are available to control the spread of the virus their effectiveness is limited in treating patients with influenza ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Antiviral therapy suppresses the replication of the HIV virus in the body. (i-sis.org.uk)

Slow viruses cause a variety of diseases, including cancer. (wikipedia.org)

Arias A, Lázaro E, Escarmís C, Domingo E (2001) Molecular intermediates of fitness gain of an RNA virus: characterization of a mutant spectrum by biological and molecular cloning. (springer.com)

DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)

References Viruses are among the smallest microbes, typically ranging from 0.02 to 0.3 micrometer, although several very large viruses up to 1 micrometer in length (megavirus, pandoravirus) have recently. (msdmanuals.com)

Viruses account for the largest proportion of childhood pneumonia. (medscape.com)
The role of viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in adults. (isglobal.org)

The JC virus is a common virus that is harmless in most people but can cause PML in some patients who have weakened immune systems. (fda.gov)

Anatomy7

Organisms28

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes8

Information Science2

Polyomavirus8

Infection15

John Cunningham1

Reactivation3

Initials of the patient1

20232

Oligodendrocytes5

Antibodies4

Adenovirus3

Pathogens1

Infections10

Cytomegalovirus1

Designation1

Influenza viruses2

Herpes Simpl1

Encephalitis2

Brain4

Infects2

AIDS4

Disease12

Antibody2

Respiratory5

Leukemia viruses1

Hepatitis C vir1

Poliovirus1

20201

ALVR1051

Urine1

Gene products1

Immune response1

Genome4

Immunodeficiency3

Antiviral2

Diseases1

20011

Replicate1

References1

Pneumonia2

Harmless1