• Integrons are genetic mechanisms that allow bacteria to adapt and evolve rapidly through the stockpiling and expression of new genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • These genes are embedded in a specific genetic structure called gene cassette (a term that is lately changing to integron cassette) that generally carries one promoterless open reading frame (ORF) together with a recombination site (attC). (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, these mobile integrons, as they are now known, can carry a variety of cassettes containing genes that are almost exclusively related to antibiotic resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • An integron is minimally composed of: a gene encoding for a site-specific recombinase: intI, belonging to the integrase family a proximal recombination site: attI, which is recognized by the integrase and at which gene cassettes may be inserted a promoter: Pc, which directs transcription of cassette-encoded genes Additionally, an integron will usually contain one or more gene cassettes that have been incorporated into it. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene cassettes may encode genes for antibiotic resistance, although most genes in integrons are uncharacterized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Strains were screened for the integrons by polymerase chain reaction by using three sets of primers specific for the intI1, intI2, and intI3 genes coding for the integrase as described previously ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Among the investigated mobile genetic elements, class 1 integrons (11% relative abundance to 16S rRNA genes) were the most abundant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High throughput sequencing of amplified integron gene cassettes identified a novel functional variant of an IMP-type (proposed IMP-81) carbapenemase gene (eight aa substitutions) along with recently described novel resistance genes like sul4 and bla RSA1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Integrons acquire new genes as part of gene cassettes. (readthedocs.io)
  • PCR mapping of integrons reveals several novel combinations of resistance genes. (sciendo.com)
  • Integrons appear to play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in many Enterobacteriaceae including S. enterica. (nuigalway.ie)
  • By examining the species tree of selected spirochetes (based on 31 phylogenetic marker genes) and the phylogenetic tree of predicted integron integrases, and assisted by our analysis of predicted integron recombination sites, we found that all integron systems identified in Treponema spirochetes are likely to have evolved from a common ancestor - a horizontal gain into the clade. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Five integron associated resistance genes (aadA, aadB, pse-1, oxa-2 and dhfr) were identified. (usda.gov)
  • The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria is, to a great extent, due to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes by horizontal transfer mediated by plasmids, transposons and integrons (5). (scielo.br)
  • In addition, long-read sequencing of one representative XDR ST235 isolate identified an integron carrying multiple resistance genes (including bla VIM-2), with differences in gene composition and synteny from the P. aeruginosa class 1 integrons described previously. (who.int)
  • Integrons were initially discovered on conjugative plasmids through their role in antibiotic resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • In my study, I examined the presence and abundance of the Class 1 Integron-Integrase gene at bird feeders on Bard campus as a marker for antibiotic resistance. (bard.edu)
  • Conclusions: Results indicate that integron-mediated antibiotic resistance is common among S. Typhimurium isolates, and that multi-drug resistant clones are widespread among diagnostic and slaughter/processing samples. (usda.gov)
  • Further studies have come to the conclusion that integrons are chromosomal elements, and that their mobilisation onto plasmids has been fostered by transposons and selected by the intensive use of antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Integrons may be found as part of mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term has since been used for integrons of various cassette array lengths or for integrons on bacterial chromosomes (versus, for example, plasmids). (wikipedia.org)
  • In more modern usage, an integron located on a bacterial chromosome is termed a sedentary chromosomal integron, and one associated with transposons or plasmids is called a mobile integron. (wikipedia.org)
  • Longitudinal studies in this population will continue until 2007, and AMR will be further characterized by use of PCR and real-time PCR to detect the presence of genetic factors such as integrons, plasmids, and gene cassettes that encode for AMR. (usda.gov)
  • In discussing their findings, Costelloe and colleagues explained that resistance is not simply a characteristic of the pathogen, but also affects the individual because plasmids and integrons can be transferred from invading bacteria to commensal organisms. (kevinmd.com)
  • We evaluated the contribution of integrons to the antimicrobial drug resistance of eight isolates of S. enterica serovar Keurmassar sent to the Senegalese National Salmonella and Shigella Reference Laboratory at the Pasteur Institute in Dakar from March to May 2000. (cdc.gov)
  • This cassette was since described in class 1 integrons of clinical gram-negative isolates and recently in a class 2 integron in Escherichia coli ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of integrons and biofilm formation among P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates collected from ICU and non-ICU inpatients. (magiran.com)
  • Class 1 integron was detected in 13.3% of the P. aeruginosa and 40% of the A. baumannii isolates, while Class 2 integron was harbored by 7 and 6.6% of the isolates, respectively. (magiran.com)
  • Class 1 integron-positive isolates were resistant to three classes of antibiotics and predominantly observed in specimens collected from ICU patients showing strong biofilm. (magiran.com)
  • Our aim was to confirm with a large panel of clinical isolates that class 2 integrons are highly prevalent in Proteae and to analyse their genetic characteristics. (bvsalud.org)
  • Copenhagen) isolates obtained from either animal diagnostic specimens (n=199) or food animals after slaughter/processing (n=389) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of class-1 integrons, and characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and phage typing. (usda.gov)
  • Class 1 integrons were present in 51% of all isolates. (usda.gov)
  • In a Jan 20 statement , the CDC said it identified 56 isolates of Verona integron-mediated metallo beta-lactamase and Guiana extended-spectrum beta-lactamase--producing carbapenem-resistant P aeruginosa (VIM-GES-CRPA) from 50 case patients in 11 states from May 17, 2022, to Jan 19. (umn.edu)
  • Molecular characterisations of integrons in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Chinese tertiary hospital. (cdc.gov)
  • Three classes of integrons are well characterized and are involved in antimicrobial resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Integron cassettes are incorporated to the attI site of the integron platform by site-specific recombination reactions mediated by the integrase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The integrase encoded by the integron preferentially catalyses two types of recombination reaction: 1) attC x attC, which results in cassette excision, 2) attI x attC, which allows integration of the cassette at the attI site of the integron. (wikipedia.org)
  • intI : a gene which encodes for an integron integrase whose protein catalyzes recombination between incoming gene cassettes and the second feature, an integron-associated recombination site. (readthedocs.io)
  • It is accurate because it combines the use of HMM profiles for the dectection of essential protein, the site-specific integron integrase, and the use of Covariance Models for the detection of the recombination site, the attC site. (readthedocs.io)
  • As the most commonly selected target for the detection of an integron, intI encodes an integrase (IntI) of the tyrosine recombinase family, which is characterized by the distinct presence of invariant RHRY (with Y being the catalytic tyrosine) amino-acids in the conserved motifs called box 1 and box 2 that discriminate intI within the other XerC-related integrase) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Focusing on winter resident birds, I looked at how the abundance of the Class 1 Integron-Integrase gene at the bird feeders changes over time. (bard.edu)
  • Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive study to characterize the chromosomal integron systems in Treponema species. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Integrons are efficient gene-capture systems by site-specific recombination and are involved in antimicrobial-drug resistance in gram-negative bacteria ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • All these integrons, except that of serovar Infantis, contained a streptomycin-spectinomycin resistance determinant, aadA2 or mostly aadA1 , alone or in combination with other gene cassettes. (cdc.gov)
  • To determine whether the resistance determinants carried by the integrons were transferable, we performed a conjugation experiment from S. enterica serovar Keurmassar to an E. coli strain resistant to nalidixic acid. (cdc.gov)
  • Resistance integrons: class 1, 2 and 3 integrons. (sciendo.com)
  • All DT104 strains but one were of a uniform DAF type (designated DAF-I) and showed a uniform pattern of integrons (designated LP-I). The DT104b and PT U302 strains also exhibited the same resistance phenotype, and both had the DAF-I and IF-I patterns. (nuigalway.ie)
  • Ashayeri-Panah M, Feizabadi MM, Eftekhar F (2014) Correlation of multi-drug resistance, integron and blaESBL gene carriage with genetic fingerprints of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae . (springer.com)
  • The amino acid sequences of IntI integrases have been used as a basis for dividing integrons into 'classes', with those carrying intI1 defined as 'class 1', intI2 as 'class 2', intI3 as 'class 3', etc. intI1 , intI2 and intI3 were first identified in association with mobile genetic elements and intI4 and others with chromosomal integrons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ESBLs and their genetic environments as well as integrons and their gene cassette composition were characterized by PCR and sequencing. (who.int)
  • With these primers, we obtained two amplification products of 1 kb and 1.7 kb for each strain, which suggested that all strains contained at least two class 1 integrons. (cdc.gov)
  • Four of the ESBL-positive strains harboured class 1 integrons including different gene cassette combinations. (who.int)
  • We also find that the lengths of the integron attC sites shortened through Treponema speciation, and that the integron gene cassettes of T. denticola are highly strain specific. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Background: Integron systems are now recognized as important agents of bacterial evolution and are prevalent in most environments. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • has been identified as the 2nd most consensus (ERIC) sequences which · 60 environmental samples were tak- frequent organism causing ventilator- are common to Gram-negative enteric en throughout the ICU, including associated pneumonia, the 4th most bacteria [11,12]. (who.int)
  • Based on the integrons surveillance in Guangzhou, China in the past decade, this review thus aimed at summarizing the role of integrons in the perspective of both clinical setting and environment, with the focus on the occurrence and prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 12. Xu H, Davies J, Miao V. Molecular characterization of class 3 integrons from Delftia spp. (sciendo.com)
  • Class 2 or 3 integrons were not detected. (cdc.gov)
  • Cassette assortment in class 1 integrons was determined by using the primers 5′CS and 3′CS complementary to the 5′ and 3′ segments as described previously ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The ereA2 cassette was first described in Providencia stuartii ( 8 ) in a class 1 integron. (cdc.gov)
  • The presence of Class 1, 2, and 3 integrons were evaluated by multiplex-PCR. (magiran.com)
  • 9. Lacotte Y, Ploy MC, Raherison S. Class 1 integrons are low-cost structures in Escherichia coli. (sciendo.com)
  • Proteae: a reservoir of class 2 integrons? (bvsalud.org)
  • The presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons was investigated by quantitative PCR . (bvsalud.org)
  • The gene cassette arrays of class 2 integrons were determined by PCR - RFLP and Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing when needed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Of the 327 Proteae collected, 103 (31.5%) harboured a class 2 integron and 45 (13.8%) a class 1 integron . (bvsalud.org)
  • No class 3 integrons were detected. (bvsalud.org)
  • We showed a high frequency of class 2 integrons , as well as a diversity of gene cassette arrays, among Proteae. (bvsalud.org)
  • This work highlights that the Proteae tribe plays an important role as a reservoir of class 2 integrons . (bvsalud.org)
  • The presence of pAmpCs was significantly linked to blaCTX-M and class 1 integron. (uwi.edu)
  • Integrons have been found in different nontyphoidal serovars of S. enterica and recently in serovar Typhimurium ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Each strain was examined for integrons and typed by DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). (nuigalway.ie)
  • The DAF-I pattern was also observed in a single DT193 strain in which no integrons were detectable. (nuigalway.ie)
  • The integration of gene cassettes within an integron also provides a Pc promoter that allows expression of all cassettes in the array, much like an operon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Integrons are versatile gene acquisition systems commonly found in bacterial genomes. (readthedocs.io)
  • With the recent release of many new Treponema genomes, we were able to study the distribution of chromosomal integrons in this genus. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The function of the majority of cassettes found in chromosomal integrons remains unknown. (wikipedia.org)
  • Integrons can also be found in chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • En Égypte, les isolats des patients étaient de types ERIC VII, VIII et IX et correspondaient à ceux des tubulures des appareils d'aspiration et de respiration artificielle et des cuvettes. (who.int)
  • More than half (n = 32) were resistant to sulphonamide, a feature known to be associated with the presence of integrons. (cdc.gov)
  • Analysis of these integrons will further our understanding of Campylobacter spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Integron is a vendor of technical logistics and wireless deployment services for M2M systems. (supplychainbrain.com)
  • This window allows you to access to a detailled description of the integron structure. (readthedocs.io)
  • En Égypte, des isolats prélevés sur les tubulures d'appareils d'aspiration et de respiration artificielle (A8) et sur les cuvettes (A7) étaient liés à ceux prélevés chez les patients ayant ces antibiotypes. (who.int)
  • IntegronFinder is a tool that detects integrons in DNA sequences with high accuracy. (readthedocs.io)
  • By characterizing integron distribution and cassette contents in the Treponema sps. (tmu.edu.tw)