embryonic stem
- Pluripotent stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) form teratomas when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. (bio-protocol.org)
- Pluripotent stem cells such as human ES cells (embryonic stem cells) and iPS cells (induced pluripotent stem cells) have been expected to be used and applied in various fields including regenerative medicine and cell therapy because they have the ability to be differentiated into various cells or tissues such as nerve cells and cardiac muscle cells, i.e., pluripotency. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
regenerative medicine
- iPSCs and ESCs are exploited for applications in cell transplantation therapy for regenerative medicine. (bio-protocol.org)
- These target cells/tissues are expected to be useful in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug screening, toxicology testing, and proof-of-concept studies in drug development. (ahajournals.org)
pluripotency
- 2016). Here, we describe a method for transplanting pluripotent stem cells into the testes of NOD/SCID mice to generate teratomas for assessing the pluripotency and tumorigenicity. (bio-protocol.org)
- Thus, the technique described herein is useful for assessing the pluripotency and tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells. (bio-protocol.org)
- However, in pluripotent stem cells of primates including humans, it is not easy to grow the cells while maintaining the cell-specific properties, i.e., undifferentiation status and pluripotency (multipotency). (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- In order to grow human ES cells or human iPS cells while maintaining the undifferentiation status and the pluripotency, it is usually needed to culture these cells in coexistence with feeder cells, or to add substances for maintaining undifferentiation status, for example, ascorbic acid, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor β-3 (TGF-β3), to a medium (refer to WO 2011/058558). (patentsencyclopedia.com)
vitro
- Induced pluripotent stem cell technology makes in vitro reprogramming of somatic cells from individuals with various genetic backgrounds possible. (ahajournals.org)
Therefore
- Therefore, the number of publications concerning induced pluripotent stem cells has recently been increasing rapidly, demonstrating that this technology has begun to infiltrate many aspects of stem cell biology and medical applications. (ahajournals.org)
- Therefore, frequent cryopreservation cannot be performed for primate pluripotent stem cells. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- Therefore, in culture of primate pluripotent stem cells such as human ES cells and iPS cells, methods for simply maintaining and preserving pluripotent stem cells without cell passage while maintaining the properties of pluripotent stem cells other than cryopreservation are required. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
tissues
- However, these cells form tumors called teratoma containing differentiated tissues when transplanted into immune-deficient mice. (bio-protocol.org)
- From these induced pluripotent stem cells, target cells and tissues can be generated after certain differentiation processes. (ahajournals.org)
human
- In this review, we discuss the perspectives of induced pluripotent stem cell technology for modeling human diseases. (ahajournals.org)
- The maintenance medium for human pluripotent stem cells according to the present invention includes xylose as a saccharide. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the primate pluripotent stem cells are human pluripotent stem cells. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the maintenance medium is a culture medium for human iPS cells containing xylose in place of glucose. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the basal medium of a culture medium for human iPS cells is a DMEM/F12 medium. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- In addition, for human iPS cells, since it is known that the properties of the cells are changed when the passage number exceeds a certain number, it is preferable to make the passage number as small as possible. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- However, primate, especially human, ES cells and iPS cells are known to be sensitive to freezing and thawing and to have a low viability after cryopreservation. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- Meanwhile, for human ES cells and iPS cells, it is difficult to prepare cells of different origin to a desired cell concentration during the same period because the growth rate is different by established cell line. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- For human ES cells and iPS cells, it is recommended to change a medium every day due to their fast metabolism, and the risk of contamination is high, placing a burden on researchers. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- Field potential duration (FPD) in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs), which can express QT interval in an electrocardiogram, is reported to be a useful tool to predict K{sup +} channel and Ca{sup 2+} channel blocker effects on QT interval. (osti.gov)
method
- Provided are a maintenance medium for primate pluripotent stem cells, and a method for preserving and a method for controlling proliferation of primate pluripotent stem cells using the medium. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- 1. A method for controlling proliferation of primate pluripotent stem cells, which comprises inhibiting the proliferation of primate pluripotent stem cells using a medium comprising xylose as a saccharide, which is substantially free of glucose. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- 2. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises promoting the proliferation of primate pluripotent stem cells using a medium comprising glucose. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
However
- However, the passage process in culture in coexistence with feeder cells is complicated, and many of substances for maintaining undifferentiation status are expensive. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
various
- By applying this technology, it is possible to produce pluripotent stem cells from biopsy samples of arbitrarily selected individuals with various genetic backgrounds and to subsequently maintain, expand, and stock these cells. (ahajournals.org)
addition
- In addition, this approach is advantageous because transplanted cells are easily identified around the injection site even when they do not form tumors. (bio-protocol.org)
IPSCs
- The resulting cells, called induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs), shared many characteristics with human embryonic stem cells. (howstuffworks.com)
- And the researchers were able to grow the IPSCs into cell lines. (howstuffworks.com)
- Making IPSCs does not involve embryos, so this would circumvent the ethical and political issues involved in stem cell research. (howstuffworks.com)
- And then we need to investigate whether IPSCs are just similar enough or are actually identical to embryonic stem cells. (howstuffworks.com)
- Current research is focused on these questions, but reprogramming cells to make IPSCs has great potential. (howstuffworks.com)
- Recently, a group of Japanese scientists made induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) from the tooth pulp of extracted wisdom teeth. (howstuffworks.com)
- The resulting IPSCs were similar to embryonic stem cells. (howstuffworks.com)
- The emerging of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has shed light of a new approach to study both early development and disease pathology. (hindawi.com)
- Cellular reprogramming is a means to capture the genomes of individual animals as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which may eventually facilitate reintroduction of genetic material into breeding populations. (springer.com)
- The cells, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show promise as a source of replacement cells and tissues to treat injuries, diseases and chronic conditions. (redorbit.com)
- Although the iPSCs have the potential for such good, scientists have to move cautiously because they could also cause malignant cancer, according to the team's study published online in the journal Stem Cells and Development . (redorbit.com)
- This is the first study that describes the specific molecular pathways that iPSCs and cancer cells share from a direct comparison" said Paul Knoepfler , associate professor of cell biology and human anatomy . (redorbit.com)
- Cell biologists have been able to induce specialized, differentiated cells - such as those obtained from the skin or muscle of adult humans - to become iPSCs since 2007. (redorbit.com)
- Like embryonic stem cells , iPSCs are pluripotent, meaning they can become any type of cell and have the potential for being used in treatments for a variety of human diseases. (redorbit.com)
- The production of iPSCs avoids the controversy that surrounds embryonic stem cells (ES), making them particularly important. (redorbit.com)
- This new study from UC Davis demonstrates that iPSCs - as well as ES cells - share significant similarities to malignant cancer cells. (redorbit.com)
- By analyzing the transcriptomes, the team found that the iPSCs and malignant sarcoma cancer cells are unexpectedly similar. (redorbit.com)
- Genes not expressed in iPSCs are also not expressed in the cancer-generating cells, including many that have properties that guide a cell to normally differentiate in certain directions. (redorbit.com)
- We were surprised how similar iPSCS were to cancer-generating cells," said Knoepfler. (redorbit.com)
- Instead, iPSCs would be used to create differentiated cells in the laboratory, which could then be transplanted into a patient. (redorbit.com)
- The UC Davis team also found important differences between the cell types that could provide clues to making iPSCs safer. (redorbit.com)
- The reprogrammed cancer causing cells did not behave exactly like iPSCs. (redorbit.com)
- The advent of these induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) appeared to circumvent concerns over embryo destruction, and hence iPSCs have been touted as an ethical way forward. (jhu.edu)
- In summary, it is important to pursue further stem cell research, with both ESCs and iPSCs. (jhu.edu)
- This paper focuses on the role of HDACs in the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells and the application of HDAC inhibitors in reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (hindawi.com)
- Recent breakthrough studies using retroviral transduction of a transcription factor quartet to reprogram human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have led to an important revolution in stem cell research [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Comparative analysis of human iPSCs and human embryonic stem cells using assays for morphology, gene expression profiles, epigenetic status, and differentiation potential have revealed a remarkable degree of similarity between these two pluripotent stem cell types. (hindawi.com)
- The global market for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was estimated to total $853 million in 2012, and close to $1.2 billion in 2013, averaging 40% growth. (bccresearch.com)
- The global market for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reached $2.1 billion in 2016. (bccresearch.com)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) hold great promise in regenerative medicine, personalized medicine and drug discovery. (eurekalert.org)
- The team anticipates that virus- and oncogene-free IPSCs could advance cell therapies, diagnostics and personalized medicine. (eurekalert.org)
- Although genetically identical to the mature body cells from which they are derived, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are notably special in their ability to self-renew and differentiate into all kinds of cells. (redorbit.com)
- The formation of tumors has raised concerns about the safety of induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs, and cells derived from these stem cells. (innovations-report.com)
- Being able to safely use iPSCs without the potential of causing tumors is essential for this promising stem cell therapy to become a viable treatment option," said Stice, a Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. (innovations-report.com)
- Additionally, Stice and West have now bred the pigs produced from iPSCs and have proven the stem cells did pass to the offspring. (innovations-report.com)
- A ) Reprogramming of HCM dermal fibroblasts to iPSCs showing pluripotent stem cell morphology with positive AP staining and expression of pluripotency markers, OCT4, NANOG, TRA1-60, and SSEA4. (nih.gov)
- The breakthrough provides a limitless supply of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that can then be directed down any developmental path to generate specific types of adult cells, from skin to heart to neuron, for use in basic research, drug discovery and treating disease. (ucsf.edu)
- For many basic biomedical scientists, the capability offered by iPSCs technology is like a dream come true, says neuroscientist Arnold Kriegstein , MD, PhD, director of UCSF's Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research . (ucsf.edu)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Since iPSCs can be derived directly from adult tissues, they not only bypass the need for embryos, but can be made in a patient-matched manner, which means that each individual could have their own pluripotent stem cell line. (wikipedia.org)
- iPSCs are typically derived by introducing products of specific sets of pluripotency-associated genes, or "reprogramming factors", into a given cell type. (wikipedia.org)
- Similar to ESCs, these iPSCs had unlimited self-renewal and were pluripotent, contributing to lineages from all three germ layers in the context of embryoid bodies, teratomas, and fetal chimeras. (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike the first generation of iPSCs, these second generation iPSCs produced viable chimeric mice and contributed to the mouse germline, thereby achieving the 'gold standard' for pluripotent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Yamanaka was the first to demonstrate (in 2006) that this somatic cell nuclear transfer or oocyte-based reprogramming process (see below), that Gurdon discovered, could be recapitulated (in mice) by defined factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (wikipedia.org)
- The properties of cells obtained after reprogramming can vary significantly, in particular among iPSCs. (wikipedia.org)
differentiation
- Li P, Hu H, Yang S et al (2013) Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into male germ cells in vitro through embryoid body formation and retinoic acid or testosterone induction. (springer.com)
- The novel application of microRNA manipulation both in the generation of iPS cells and subsequent lineage-directed differentiation is discussed. (hindawi.com)
- However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation remain to be unveiled. (hindawi.com)
- Identifying regulators that control stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is essential for the development of stem cell-based cell replacement therapies for human diseases and injuries [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- HDACs have been shown to regulate many important biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and development, by forming complexes with various transcription factors and transcriptional coregulators [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- These molecules likely include epigenetic regulators, such as HDACs, that act to regulate stem cell self-renewal and differentiation by controlling the activity of a network of downstream target genes [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The same genes that are chemically altered during normal cell differentiation, as well as when normal cells become cancer cells, are also changed in stem cells that scientists derive from adult cells, according to new research from Johns Hopkins and Harvard. (redorbit.com)
- Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human cells with synthetic modified mRNA," Cell Stem Cell , vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 618-630, 2010. (hindawi.com)
- Similar to ESCs cultured in monolayer formats, ESCs within embryoid bodies undergo differentiation and cell specification along the three germ lineages - endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm - which comprise all somatic cell types. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, the three-dimensional structure, including the establishment of complex cell adhesions and paracrine signaling within the EB microenvironment, enables differentiation and morphogenesis which yields microtissues that are similar to native tissue structures. (wikipedia.org)
- When cultured as single cells in the absence of anti-differentiation factors, ESCs spontaneously aggregate to form EBs. (wikipedia.org)
- EB differentiation begins with the specification of the exterior cells toward the primitive endoderm phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
- This means the genes that are required for differentiation to other types of cell are packaged within chromatin structures, so that they are not expressed. (wikipedia.org)
- Specifically, the differentiation of stem cell precursors into specialized neurons gives rise to the formation of synapses and neural circuits, which is key to the principle of plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
- Because CDI's MyCell Products are created using custom iPS cell reprogramming and differentiation processes, they provide biologically relevant human cells from donors with specific disease-associated genotypes and phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)
- The first to be discovered was its capability to drive cell proliferation (upregulates cyclins, downregulates p21), but it also plays a very important role in regulating cell growth (upregulates ribosomal RNA and proteins), apoptosis (downregulates Bcl-2), differentiation, and stem cell self-renewal. (wikipedia.org)
- Ectopic expression of Myc-nick accelerates the differentiation of committed myoblasts into muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The ratio of stearic acid to oleic acid has been implicated in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation through effects on cell membrane fluidity and signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
- SCD1 function has also been shown to be involved in germ cell determination, adipose tissue specification, liver cell differentiation and cardiac development. (wikipedia.org)
type of pluripotent
- Potential applications of induced pluripotent stem cell-a relatively new type of pluripotent stem cells-for human disease modeling by employing human iPS cells derived from normal and diseased somatic cells and iPS cells derived from mouse models of human disease may lead to uncovering of disease mechanisms and novel therapies. (hindawi.com)
- The most well-known type of pluripotent stem cell is the embryonic stem cell. (wikipedia.org)
embryonic-stem-cell-like
- The factors caused the differentiated stem cells to go into an embryonic-stem-cell-like state. (howstuffworks.com)
- The National Institutes of Health defines induced pluripotent stem cells as somatic (adult) cells reprogrammed to enter an embryonic stem cell-like state by being forced to express factors important for maintaining the "stemness" of embryonic stem cells. (ucsf.edu)
phenotype
- Importantly, pluripotent stem cells play a significant role in developing new genetically engineered mice with the desired human disease-like phenotype. (hindawi.com)
- For example, cancer cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that plays important roles in their survival, proliferation, and development of resistance to therapeutic treatments, or switch to a phenotype that mimics stem cell-like features - the so-called Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) or Tumour-initiating Cells. (wikipedia.org)
hiPSC
- To facilitate research on differentiated cell types and other biomedical investigations, the Aging Cell Repository offers human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines. (coriell.org)
- Immediate major focus of his work will test this hypothesis using (1) autopsied tissues obtained from brain and spinal cord of ALS patients and (2) motoneurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) derived from ALS patients. (wikipedia.org)
therapies
- But many are needed for cell therapies. (howstuffworks.com)
- A research team from the University of California, Davis , has found evidence that a promising type of stem cell being considered for a variety of disease therapies is very similar to the type of cells that cause cancer. (redorbit.com)
- However, our study adds to a growing knowledge base that not only will help make stem cell therapies safer, but also provide us with new understandings about the cancer-causing process and more effective ways to fight the disease. (redorbit.com)
- They had a reduced ability to produce different cell types, however the findings are still exciting because they suggest that cancer cells can be reprogrammed into more normal cell types, possibly opening the door to new cancer therapies. (redorbit.com)
- Furthermore, this reprogramming system provides great potential to design customized patient-specific stem cell therapies with economic feasibility [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Kirouac DC, Zandstra PW (2008) The systematic production of cells for cell therapies. (springer.com)
- Such differences may prove important in the behavior of iPS cells in studies on tissue formation and may complicate therapies based on iPS cells. (redorbit.com)
- Pig stem cell research conducted by two animal scientists at the University of Georgia reveals a better way to determine the safety of future stem cell therapies than rodent-based models. (innovations-report.com)
- Pluripotent stem cells have significant potential for stem cell therapies," said West, an animal science researcher and assistant professor in the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. (innovations-report.com)
- This allows the production of stem cells for biomedical research, such as research into stem cell therapies, without the use of embryos. (wikipedia.org)
generate
- Okita K, Matsumura Y, Sato Y et al (2011) A more efficient method to generate integration-free human iPS cells. (springer.com)
- These unlimited supplies of autologous cells could be used to generate transplants without the risk of immune rejection. (wikipedia.org)
- CDI's role in this project is to generate iPS cell lines and cardiomyocytes from 250 donors selected from the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN) GWAS study. (wikipedia.org)
- hESCs and hiPSCs are the primary cells used to generate hECTs. (wikipedia.org)
genes
- The two cells express different sets of genes. (howstuffworks.com)
- Likewise, a stem cell turns on specific sets of genes to differentiate into another cell. (howstuffworks.com)
- Connecting microRNA genes to the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells," Cell , vol. 134, no. 3, pp. 521-533, 2008. (hindawi.com)
- This chemical change which, associated with silencing genes, is classified as epigenetic because, although not part of the DNA sequence, is copied when a cell divides. (redorbit.com)
- They identified and then measured so-called differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of genes whose expression was changed in the process of being reprogrammed from a parent cell to a stem cell. (redorbit.com)
- The surprise," says Feinberg, "is that there is such a degree of overlap between the differently methylated regions and genes that are involved in turning a fibroblast into a stem cell and turning a normal cell into a cancer cell. (redorbit.com)
- The scientists used the CHARM method (comprehensive high-throughput arrays for relative methylation) to survey where, across the genomes of nine human iPS cell lines, genes had been silenced, or turned off, and then compared these DNA methylation sites with those of the fibroblasts the iPS cells were derived from. (redorbit.com)
- If we discover that certain genes or regions are altered in iPS cells," says Feinberg, "then we might be able to target these and come up with new ways of approaching stem cell therapy. (redorbit.com)
- A widespread increase of genes responsible for 'Cell Proliferation' was observed in HCM iPSC-CMs when compared with control iPSC-CMs. (nih.gov)
- The iPSC technology was pioneered by Shinya Yamanaka's lab in Kyoto, Japan, who showed in 2006 that the introduction of four specific genes encoding transcription factors could convert adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Upon introduction of reprogramming factors, cells begin to form colonies that resemble pluripotent stem cells, which can be isolated based on their morphology, conditions that select for their growth, or through expression of surface markers or reporter genes. (wikipedia.org)
- They hypothesized that genes important to embryonic stem cell (ESC) function might be able to induce an embryonic state in adult cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Somatic cells are most often fully differentiated in order to perform a specific function, and therefore only express the genes required to perform their function. (wikipedia.org)
- This results in global repression and allows housekeeping genes to be expressed in all cells. (wikipedia.org)
- It is carried out by the transfection of stem-cell associated genes into mature cells using viral vectors such as retroviruses. (wikipedia.org)
- During somatic cell nuclear transfer, the oocyte turns off tissue specific genes in the Somatic cell nucleus and turns back on embryonic specific genes. (wikipedia.org)
- This leads to the unregulated expression of many genes, some of which are involved in cell proliferation, and results in the formation of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Mice that were fed a high-carbohydrate diet had an induced expression of the liver SCD-1 gene and other lipogenic genes through an insulin-mediated SREBP-1c-dependent mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
- It regulates genes involved in the EGFR/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and is required for cell proliferation, cell migration, and cytoskeleton organization. (wikipedia.org)
morphology
- The functions of Myc-nick are currently under investigation, but this new Myc family member was found to regulate cell morphology, at least in part, by interacting with acetyl transferases to promote the acetylation of α-tubulin. (wikipedia.org)
fibroblasts by defined factors
- Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M et al (2007) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. (springer.com)
- Induction of functional hepatocyte-like cells from mouse fibroblasts by defined factors," Nature , vol. 475, no. 7356, pp. 386-389, 2011. (hindawi.com)
- Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors," Cell , vol. 131, no. 5, pp. 861-872, 2007. (hindawi.com)
genomes
- TALEN can be used to edit genomes by inducing double-strand breaks (DSB), which cells respond to with repair mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
lineages
- Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple lineages. (hindawi.com)
proliferation
- A major effect of Myc is B cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
differentiate
- Human engineered cardiac tissues (hECTs) are derived by experimental manipulation of pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and, more recently, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to differentiate into human cardiomyocytes. (wikipedia.org)
KLF4
- The three transcription factors Oct3/4, Sox2 and Klf4 are essential for reprogramming but are extremely inefficient on their own, fully reprogramming roughly only 0.005% of the number of cells treated with the factors. (wikipedia.org)
Induction
- Takahashi K, Yamanaka S (2006) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. (springer.com)
- Huangfu D et al (2008) Induction of pluripotent stem cells by defined factors is greatly improved by small-molecule compounds. (springer.com)
- Dr. Pei's most notable work is the discovery of vitamin C's effect on the induction of pluripotent stem cells by around 100-1000 fold. (wikipedia.org)
germ cells
- After fertilization some cells of the newly formed embryo migrate to the germinal ridge and will eventually become the germ cells (sperm and oocytes). (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, during the process of gametogenesis the primordial germ cells must have their original biparental DNA methylation patterns erased and re-established based on the sex of the transmitting parent. (wikipedia.org)
mammalian
- Ben-Nun I.F., Montague S.C., Houck M.L., Ryder O., Loring J.F. (2015) Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mammalian Endangered Species. (springer.com)
- In biology, Reprogramming refers to erasure and remodeling of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, during mammalian development or in cell culture. (wikipedia.org)
- Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell were the first to demonstrate that an adult mammalian cell could be reprogrammed back into a pluripotent state when they cloned Dolly the sheep in 1997. (wikipedia.org)
autologous
- The reprogramming method paves a pathway for autologous and allogeneic cell therapy that satisfies regulatory requirements. (eurekalert.org)
somatic cell nuc
- Additionally, EBs can be formed from embryonic stem cells derived through alternative techniques, including somatic cell nuclear transfer or the reprogramming of somatic cells to yield induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). (wikipedia.org)
- An oocyte can reprogram an adult nucleus into an embryonic state after somatic cell nuclear transfer, so that a new organism can be developed from such cell. (wikipedia.org)
neurons
- LRRK2 mutant iPSC-derived da neurons demonstrate increased susceptibility to oxidative stress," Cell Stem Cell , vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 267-280, 2011. (hindawi.com)
- Because they can propagate indefinitely, as well as give rise to every other cell type in the body (such as neurons, heart, pancreatic, and liver cells), they represent a single source of cells that could be used to replace those lost to damage or disease. (wikipedia.org)
- CDI offers several terminally differentiated cell types as catalog products: iCell® Cardiomyocytes, iCell Neurons, iCell Endothelial Cells, and iCell Hepatocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Physiology
- For this research coup and his leading role pioneering stem cell work, Yamanaka - who holds academic appointments at Kyoto University and UC San Francisco - was the co-recipient of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology . (ucsf.edu)
- The transcription factor c-Myc can also be used as the fourth factor and was the original fourth factor used by Shinya Yamanaka who received the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in the conversion of somatic cells to iPS cells. (wikipedia.org)
- These tissues provide a unique in vitro model to study cardiac physiology with a species-specific advantage over cultured animal cells in experimental studies. (wikipedia.org)
tissue
- Directly reprogrammed fibroblasts show global epigenetic remodeling and widespread tissue contribution," Cell Stem Cell , vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 55-70, 2007. (hindawi.com)
- To compare and contrast mature connective tissue cells called fibroblasts with the pluripotent stem cells into which they were reprogrammed, the investigators focused on a chemical change known as methylation. (redorbit.com)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells that were reprogrammed from normal adult human tissue and have not yet been differentiated. (ucsf.edu)
- As well, he was one of the first two animals of an endangered species to have his tissue samples used to make induced pluripotent stem cells as an attempt at conservation. (wikipedia.org)
- In the post-implantation stage, methylation patterns are stage- and tissue-specific with changes that would define each individual cell type lasting stably over a long time. (wikipedia.org)
- Factors leading to variation in the performance of reprogramming and functional features of end products include genetic background, tissue source, reprogramming factor stoichiometry and stressors related to cell culture. (wikipedia.org)
- SCD-1 expression is significantly increased in liver tissue and heart in response to a high-carbohydrate diet, whereas SCD-2 expression is observed in brain tissue and induced during the neonatal myelination. (wikipedia.org)
- His lab work is conducted on mice, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and Human postmortem tissue. (wikipedia.org)
neural stem
- Neural stem cells are stem cells of neural origin. (hindawi.com)
- A complete understanding of neural stem cells and neurogenesis requires the identification of molecules that determine the self-renewal and multipotent character of these cells. (hindawi.com)
- Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into neural stem cells by defined factors," Cell Stem Cell , vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 465-472, 2012. (hindawi.com)
- Direct conversion of fibroblasts into stably expandable neural stem cells," Cell Stem Cell , vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 473-479, 2012. (hindawi.com)
assays
- Information on induced pluripotent stem cell research products, defined as all research tools including but not limited to: induced pluripotent stem cells and various differentiated cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, various related assays and kits, culture media and medium components such as serum, growth factors and inhibitors, antibodies, enzymes, and many others that can be applied for the specific purpose of executing induced pluripotent stem cell research. (bccresearch.com)
- various related assays and kits, culture media and medium components, such as serum, growth factors and inhibitors, antibodies, enzymes, and many others that can be applied for the specific purpose of executing induced pluripotent stem cell research. (bccresearch.com)
- The global market for cell-based assays should grow from $20.1 billion in 2018 to $32.7 billion by 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.2% from 2018 through 2023. (bccresearch.com)
Cellular
- This type of research gets to the fabric of the fundamental differences between stem cells and their parental cells," says Akiko Doi, a doctoral candidate in the graduate program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Johns Hopkins. (redorbit.com)
- Thus, the ability to switch states/phenotypes (phenotypic plasticity) is a key feature of development and normal function of cells within most multicellular organisms that enables the cell to respond to various intrinsic and extrinsic cues and stimuli in a concerted fashion enabling them to 'make' appropriate cellular decisions. (wikipedia.org)
- Cellular Dynamics International (CD) was founded in 2004 by pluripotent stem cell biologist, James Thomson. (wikipedia.org)
- Human cells are considered to be a more predictive model and a replacement for other cellular models that serve as proxies, including animal cells, immortalized cell lines, and cadaveric cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a multifunctional, nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cellular transformation. (wikipedia.org)
- Jaiswal, Manoj K. (2012), Motoneuron specific calcium dysregulation and perturbed cellular calcium homestasis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent advances gained from genetically modified animals and cell culture models. (wikipedia.org)
Reprogramming
- Li W et al (2009) Generation of rat and human induced pluripotent stem cells by combining genetic reprogramming and chemical inhibitors. (springer.com)
- In: Verma P., Sumer H. (eds) Cell Reprogramming. (springer.com)
- Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells which represent reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells represent a significant advancement in research armament. (hindawi.com)
- These advances in reprogramming will enable the creation of patient-specific stem cell lines to study various disease mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
- Coordination of engineered factors with TET1/2 promotes early-stage epigenetic modification during somatic cell reprogramming," Stem Cell Reports , vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 253-261, 2014. (hindawi.com)
- MicroRNA cluster 302-367 enhances somatic cell reprogramming by accelerating a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition," The Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 286, no. 19, pp. 17359-17364, 2011. (hindawi.com)
- Multiple targets of miR-302 and miR-372 promote reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells," Nature Biotechnology , vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 443-448, 2011. (hindawi.com)
- The researchers suggest in the study that certain sites throughout the genome appear to be generally involved in distinguishing DNA methylation among different cell types and cancers, and these same sites are involved in reprogramming fibroblasts back into stem cells. (redorbit.com)
- Parkinson's disease patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells free of viral reprogramming factors," Cell , vol. 136, no. 5, pp. 964-977, 2009. (hindawi.com)
- The gene is enriched in unfertilised eggs and embryos at the one cell stage and it can be used to promote direct reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells, also known as iPS cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Glis1 can be used as one of the four factors used in reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
- When Glis1 is introduced with these three factors, the efficiency of reprogramming is massively increased, producing many more fully reprogrammed cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Glis1 reprograms cells by promoting multiple pro-reprogramming pathways. (wikipedia.org)
- Glis1 has a number of extremely important advantages over c-myc in cell reprogramming. (wikipedia.org)
- No risk of cancer: Although c-myc enhances the efficiency of reprogramming, its major disadvantage is that it is a proto-oncogene meaning the iPS cells produced using c-myc are much more likely to become cancerous. (wikipedia.org)
- Reprogramming can also be induced artificially through the introduction of exogenous factors, usually transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
- The first person to successfully demonstrate reprogramming was John Gurdon, who in 1962 demonstrated that differentiated somatic cells could be reprogrammed back into an embryonic state when he managed to obtain swimming tadpoles following the transfer of differentiated intestinal epithelial cells into enucleated frog eggs. (wikipedia.org)
- CDI is actively engaged in a number of large-scale iPS cell reprogramming and banking projects, with the goal of creating broadly available resources of iPS cells that represent normal human diversity, disease states and adverse drug reactions. (wikipedia.org)
research
- The research team transformed tumor-generating cell types into iPS-like cells by manipulating their genetic makeup. (redorbit.com)
- Human stem cell research is a new field with much promise, but progress towards a clinical setting has been complicated by scientific and ethical challenges. (jhu.edu)
- The most heated discussion over stem cell research has focused on the source of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (jhu.edu)
- I argue that a new approach is needed to deal with the serious uncertainties and indeterminate probabilities intrinsic to stem cell research and decision-making surrounding it. (jhu.edu)
- I conclude that in the current state of knowledge, stem cell research needs to continue and be allowed to unfold as the narrative of a story. (jhu.edu)
- Robinton DA, Daley GQ (2012) The promise of induced pluripotent stem cells in research and therapy. (springer.com)
- Only then will we be confident that iPS cells are a safe replacement for ES cells in research and therapy. (redorbit.com)
- Their research results were published in the October issue of Stem Cells. (innovations-report.com)
- Research and emerging treatments with stem cells today can be traced to a startling discovery 10 years ago when Shinya Yamanaka , MD, PhD, and his graduate student Kazutoshi Takahashi , PhD, reported a way to reprogram adult mouse cells and coax them back to their embryonic state - pluripotent stem cells. (ucsf.edu)
- Shantanu Sengupta is an Indian cell biologist and a professor at the Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB) of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. (wikipedia.org)
- Current research directions include determining the exact mechanism of the disease, improving animal models to aid with research, testing of medications to treat symptoms or slow the progression of the disease, and studying procedures such as stem cell therapy with the goal of repairing damage caused by the disease. (wikipedia.org)
aggregates
- Hunt MM, Meng G, Rancourt DE, Gates ID, Kallos MS (2014) Factorial experimental design for the culture of human embryonic stem cells as aggregates in stirred suspension bioreactors reveals the potential for interaction effects between bioprocess parameters. (springer.com)
- Play media Embryoid bodies (EBs) are three-dimensional aggregates of pluripotent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
familial
- Study familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. (nih.gov)
- Dr. Jaiswal studies the critical role of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), typical for familial ALS, in the impairment of [Ca2+]mito handling and perturbation of Ca2+ homeostasis in SOD1G93A mice and cell culture models of ALS. (wikipedia.org)
epigenetic
- Chou BK, Mali P, Huang X et al (2011) Efficient human iPS cell derivation by a non-integrating plasmid from blood cells with unique epigenetic and gene expression signatures. (springer.com)
- Relatively little study has been done on the epigenetic nature of stem cells," says Andrew Feinberg, M.D., M.P.H., a professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. (redorbit.com)
- If we can use the epigenetic information to characterize these cells, this could inform how we might use them therapeutically. (redorbit.com)
- However, the molecular makeup of these cells, including gene expression and epigenetic marks, was somewhere between that of a fibroblast and an ESC, and the cells failed to produce viable chimeras when injected into developing embryos. (wikipedia.org)
scientists
- Both types of stem cells are well known by scientists to have the propensity to cause teratomas, a benign tumor that consists of many different cell types. (redorbit.com)
- The scientists contrasted the different cells' transcriptomes, comprised of the RNA molecules or "transcripts. (redorbit.com)
- As scientists learn more about the epigenetics of reprogrammed cells, they may find new ways of creating them or using them. (redorbit.com)
mice
- The stem cells grew in culture and could form bone when implanted into mice. (howstuffworks.com)
gene expression
- Induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells are distinguished by gene expression signatures," Cell Stem Cell , vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 111-123, 2009. (hindawi.com)
- c-Myc induces MTDH(AEG-1) gene expression and in turn itself requires AEG-1 oncogene for its expression. (wikipedia.org)
patient's
- So, vast amounts of stem cells could be made from a patient's own differentiated cells, like skin cells. (howstuffworks.com)
- Eye diseases treated with retinal cells derived from a patient's own skin cells. (ucsf.edu)
cardiomyocytes
- Studying HCM with patient-specific induced pluripotent stem-cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) would benefit the understanding of HCM mechanism, as well as the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. (nih.gov)
- Human pluripotent stem cells are differentiated into cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) in culture through a milieu containing small-molecule mediators (e.g. cytokines, growth and transcription factors). (wikipedia.org)
metabolic
- Both cell types also exhibited similar metabolic activities. (redorbit.com)
- Day B, Rancourt DE (2013) Metabolic status of pluripotent cells and exploitation for growth in stirred suspension bioreactors. (springer.com)
ESCs
- The pluripotent cell types that comprise embryoid bodies include embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the blastocyst stage of embryos from mouse (mESC), primate, and human (hESC) sources. (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast to monolayer cultures, however, the spheroid structures that are formed when ESCs aggregate enables the non-adherent culture of EBs in suspension, making EB cultures inherently scalable, which is useful for bioprocessing approaches, whereby large yields of cells can be produced for potential clinical applications. (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, although EBs largely exhibit heterogeneous patterns of differentiated cell types, ESCs are capable of responding to similar cues that direct embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, technologies have also been developed to physically separate cells by forced aggregation of ESCs within individual wells or confined on adhesive substrates, which enables increased throughput, controlled formation of EBs. (wikipedia.org)
mesenchymal
- They used viruses to deliver stem cell factors to mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from the pulp of third molars. (howstuffworks.com)
endangered species
- Ben-Nun IF, Montague SC, Houck ML et al (2011) Induced pluripotent stem cells from highly endangered species. (springer.com)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells from highly endangered species" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Modeling
- CDI cells enable new strategies for disease modeling and drug discovery work. (wikipedia.org)
colonies
- Traditionally, hiPSCs are expanded in two-dimensional static culture as colonies in the presence or absence of feeder cells. (springer.com)
- Alternatively, to avoid dissociation into single cells, EBs can be formed from hESCs by manual separation of adherent colonies (or regions of colonies) and subsequently cultured in suspension. (wikipedia.org)
Yamanaka's
- Induced pluripotent stem cells were first generated by Shinya Yamanaka's team at Kyoto University, Japan, in 2006. (wikipedia.org)
- Yamanaka's work allows a way of bypassing the controversy surrounding stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
embryos
- Further, because embryonic stem cells can only be derived from embryos, it has so far not been feasible to create patient-matched embryonic stem cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
neuronal
- Hyperexcitability is considered to be a hallmark of ALS, and it has been suggested that the ALS-associated hyperexcitability may stem from altered function of the neuronal glutamate receptors due to inefficient RNA editing of one of the receptor's subunits. (wikipedia.org)
factors
- They used a virus to deliver four stem cell factors into skin cells. (howstuffworks.com)
- Discussion of important manufacturers, technologies, and factors influencing market demand such as the driving forces and limiting factors of induced pluripotent stem cell market growth. (bccresearch.com)
- A hallmark of the factors implicated in phenotypic switching whether in cancer or in normal cells is that they are Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). (wikipedia.org)
inhibitors
- As hESC undergo apoptosis when cultured as single cells, EB formation often necessitates the use of inhibitors of the rho associated kinase (ROCK) pathway, including the small molecules Y-27632 and 2,4 disubstituted thiazole (Thiazovivin/Tzv). (wikipedia.org)
characteristic of cancer
- In contrast to normal cells, a striking characteristic of cancer cells is the remarkable degree of phenotypic plasticity they exhibit. (wikipedia.org)
models
- Reconciling computer models and stem cell models of human cardiac repolarization: reply. (nih.gov)
- New drugs tested on human cells instead of animal models. (ucsf.edu)
- It also allowed researchers to screen new drugs directly in human cells rather than relying on animal models, which more often than not fail to accurately predict a new drug's effects on people. (ucsf.edu)
iPSC-derived
- LRRK2 mutations cause mitochondrial DNA damage in iPSC-derived neural cells from Parkinson's disease patients: reversal by gene correction," Neurobiology of Disease , vol. 62, pp. 381-386, 2014. (hindawi.com)
genetic
- Every cell in the body has the same genetic instructions. (howstuffworks.com)
iPSCs
- (A) Human ES (H9) cells or Human Episomal iPSCs were transfected with Lipofectamine Stem Reagent or FuGENE HD Regent according to the accompanying protocol and either a 5 kb or 11 kb DNA plasmid expressing GFP and examined for GFP expression 24 hours posttransfection. (thermofisher.com)
- Yamanaka was the first to demonstrate (in 2006) that this somatic cell nuclear transfer or oocyte-based reprogramming process (see below), that Gurdon discovered, could be recapitulated (in mice) by defined factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (wikipedia.org)
- The properties of cells obtained after reprogramming can vary significantly, in particular among iPSCs. (wikipedia.org)
iPSC
- Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes synchronized and electrically coupled on hpECM faster than on conventional cell culture environments, as validated by intracellular calcium measurements. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- However, a fundamental obstacle in the use of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) are contaminating undifferentiated PSCs that remain in the population of differentiated cells which carry the risk of tumour formation. (provendis.info)
Researchers
- Genetic mutations that cause cancer also weaken cancer cells, allowing researchers to develop drugs that will selectively kill them. (ucsd.edu)
- Stem cell transfection is a key technique for many researchers, but the sensitivity of stem cells has made them difficult to transfect efficiently using reagent-based protocols. (thermofisher.com)
- For this study, the researchers cloned the gene based on its position in the genome, and found it was an important cell cycle regulator. (rxpgnews.com)
- The coordination of the clock and cell division through cell cycle checkpoints, supports the clock s integral role in basic cell biology, conclude the researchers. (rxpgnews.com)
- Researchers have identified a protein that must be present in order for mammary stem cells to perform their normal functions. (brightsurf.com)
- Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have, for the first time, generated blood-forming stem cells in the lab using pluripotent stem cells, which can make virtually every cell type in the body. (brightsurf.com)
- Researchers have developed a new approach for growing and studying cells they hope one day will lead to curing lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis through 'personalized medicine. (brightsurf.com)
- The researchers also claimed that treatment with bacterial toxins or physical stress were conducive to the acquisition of pluripotent markers. (wikipedia.org)
- Research is underway to generate stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP) cells using human tissue: in February 2014, Charles Vacanti and Koji Kojima (Harvard researchers originally involved in the discovery and publication of STAP) claimed to have preliminary results of STAP cells generated from human fibroblasts, but concomitantly cautioned that these preliminary results require further analysis and validation. (wikipedia.org)
- According to modern stem cell researchers, Spain is one of the leaders in stem cell research and currently has one of the most progressive legislations worldwide with respect to hESC research. (wikipedia.org)
- In this lifetime achievement award, given out once every four years, the society highlighted Rossant's impact in helping researchers understand human embryo development and stem cell origin, as well as developing the technique of introducing targeted mutations into genes of mouse embryos. (wikipedia.org)
- Embryonic Research Rossant's research in cell reprogramming has built a foundation for proteomic stem cell resources, and given researchers new methods to understand the mechanisms that regulate cell fate specification. (wikipedia.org)
- 23 July - Two teams of Chinese researchers create live mice from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The company was founded in 2006 by a team of stem cell researchers who desired to bring to market better quality and more standardized research tools. (wikipedia.org)
Pathways
- Among its related pathways are Regulation of retinoblastoma protein and Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers . (genecards.org)
- In Xenopus, blastomeres behave as pluripotent stem cells which can migrate down several pathways, depending on cell signaling. (wikipedia.org)
- The pro-cancer effects of CysLTR1 in CRC appear due to its ability to up-regulate pathways that increase in CRC cell proliferation and survival. (wikipedia.org)
- Cell differentiation and tissue organogenesis involve a limited set of developmental signaling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
- This method consists in exposing the cells to specific signaling pathways modulators and manipulating cell culture conditions (environmental or exogenous) to mimick the natural sequence of developmental decisions to produce a given cell type/tissue. (wikipedia.org)
gene
- This previously unidentified progenitor occurs as a temporally discrete population during ES cell differentiation, and differs from the preceding and succeeding populations in gene expression and differentiation potential, with the unique ability to form surface ectoderm in response to BMP4 signalling. (biologists.org)
- Research applications such as gene editing, gene expression, and directed differentiation depend on the effective, efficient delivery of DNA, RNA and/or Cas9 protein complexes into stem cells. (thermofisher.com)
- For gene editing, Lipofectamine Stem reagent allows the co-transfection of Cas9 protein complexed with guide RNAs along with single-stranded DNA for homology directed repair. (thermofisher.com)
- In addition, Lipofectamine Stem reagent can be used for the transfection of mRNA for gene expression or directed differentiation studies using stem cells. (thermofisher.com)
- The major emphasis of my research will be to employ induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and gene focusing on systems for your treatment of sufferers with inherited skin blistering conditions. (thezenweb.com)
- The Regenerative Neurobiology Laboratory experiments novel mechanisms of neurological Restoration soon after gene therapy, stem cell transplant and organelle transfer pursuing world wide cerebral ischemia. (thezenweb.com)
- The clock normally modulates expression of this gene that encodes an important cell cycle regulator, and that cell cycle regulator in turn affects not only the cell cycle but also the clock. (rxpgnews.com)
- Promoter CpG methylation contributes to ES cell gene regulation in parallel with Oct4/Nanog, PcG complex, and histone H3 K4/K27 trimethylation," Cell Stem Cell , vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 160-169, 2008. (hindawi.com)
- During the blastula stage of development, a significant amount of activity occurs within the early embryo to establish cell polarity, cell specification, axis formation, and regulate gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
- Following λ-red operon activity induction, a linear, double-stranded cassette encoding a selectable marker, such as antibiotic resistance, is transformed into the cells in place of the target gene and incorporated into the DNA behind a specific inducible promoter. (wikipedia.org)
- A plasmid expressing flippase (FLP) can be transformed into the recombined cells, which can specifically cleave FLP recognition target sites (FRTs) flanking the antibiotic resistance gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Plant miRNAs usually have near-perfect pairing with their mRNA targets, which induces gene repression through cleavage of the target transcripts. (wikipedia.org)
- The germ plasm effectively turns off gene expression to render the genome of the cell inert. (wikipedia.org)
- Developmental biology and embryology provides the basic knowledge of the cell types' differentiation through mutation analysis, lineage tracing, embryo micro-manipulation and gene expression studies. (wikipedia.org)
- Proper differentiation of the cell type of interest is verified by analyzing cell type specific markers, gene expression profile, and functional assays. (wikipedia.org)
hematopoietic
- EF-1 alpha promoter versions of the Tet-On 3G Tetracycline Inducible Expression System provide for consistent long-term expression of the Tet-On 3G transactivator, even in cell types known for their tendency to silence a CMV promoter over time, such as hematopoietic cells and stem cells. (clontech.com)
- A common example of a stem cell is the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) which are multipotent stem cells that give rise to cells of the blood lineage. (wikipedia.org)
transfection
- Experience superior transfection in stem cells for yourself. (thermofisher.com)
- The goal of this study was to illustrate the versatility of Invitrogen Lipofectamine Stem Transfection Reagent, which was developed specifically for stem cells, to co-deliver multiple payloads in addition to large plasmid constructs with high transfection efficiency. (thermofisher.com)
- Designed for dramatically improved transfection efficiency, Invitrogen Lipofectamine Stem Transfection Reagent offers a simple, robust and reproducible method for delivering DNA, RNA and RNP such as Cas9/gRNA complexes into a wide range of stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (Figure 2) . (thermofisher.com)
- This newest addition to the Lipofectamine transfection reagent family helps ensure high-efficiency transfection while maintaining maximum cell viability and growth in an undifferentiated state. (thermofisher.com)
- Lipofectamine Stem reagent offers expanded capabilities for stem cell transfection, making it possible to deliver DNA plasmids in sizes up to 11 kb. (thermofisher.com)
- Lipofectamine Stem Reagent outperforms FuGENE HD Reagent in pluripotent stem cell transfection, delivering both small and large DNA plasmids, mRNA, and Cas9 protein complexes. (thermofisher.com)
- It is carried out by the transfection of stem-cell associated genes into mature cells using viral vectors such as retroviruses. (wikipedia.org)
mesenchymal stem
- Human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells from second- and third-trimester amniocentesis: differentiation potential, molecular signature, and proteome analysis," Stem Cells International , vol. 2015, Article ID 319238, 15 pages, 2015. (hindawi.com)
- Molecular and proteomic characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic fluid: comparison to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells," Stem Cells and Development , vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 931-952, 2007. (hindawi.com)
- Amniotic fluid as a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic transplantation," Blood , vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 1548-1549, 2003. (hindawi.com)
- Amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells lead to bone differentiation when cocultured with dental pulp stem cells," Tissue Engineering-Part A , vol. 17, no. 5-6, pp. 645-653, 2011. (hindawi.com)
- CDK1-dependent phosphorylation of EZH2 suppresses methylation of H3K27 and promotes osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells," Nature Cell Biology , vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 87-94, 2011. (hindawi.com)
Mice
- 8.Yueli Wang, Yulin Li, Yina Wu, Lixin Jia, Jijing Wang, Bo Xie, Mizhou Hui, Jie Du: TNF-α and IL-1β Neutralization Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Damage in Male Mice. (54doctor.net)
- After modifying the technique, Obokata was able to show that white blood cells from newborn mice could be transformed into cells that behaved much like stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Her work focused on using pluripotent stem cells to create lung epithelial tissue in mice, and examining the potential effects of these results in human medicine. (wikipedia.org)
- The CystLTs show relative potencies of LTE4>LTC4>LTD4 in stimulating GPR99-bearing cells with GPR99-deficient mice exhibiting a dose-dependent loss of vascular permeability responses in skin to LTE4 but not to LTC4 or LTD4. (wikipedia.org)
- they found that GPR17-bearing cells did not respond to these CysLTs or nucleotides but did find that cells expressing both CysLTR1 and GPR17 receptors exhibited a marked reduction in binding LTC4 and that mice lacking GPR17 were hyper-responsive to igE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. (wikipedia.org)
- Subsequently, in the future, it might be possible to specifically mature the cells into specific cells such as neurons and muscle cells, in a similar way in which Katsuhiko Hayashi has grown mice out of simple skin cells. (wikipedia.org)
PSCs
- Directed differentiation is primarily applied to pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) of mammalian origin, in particular mouse and human cells for biomedical research applications. (wikipedia.org)
- For this purpose, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are cultured in controlled conditions involving specific substrate or extracellular matrices promoting cell adhesion and differentiation, and define culture media compositions. (wikipedia.org)
- The starting material can be either pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), or either differentiated cell type such as fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
- Some applications are impaired by the immature phenotype of the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs)-derived cell type, which limits the physiological and functional studies possible. (wikipedia.org)
Fibroblasts
- 13.Yina Wu, Yulin Li, Congcong Zhang, Xi A, Yueli Wang, Wei Cui, Huihua Li, Jie Du: S100a8/a9 Released by CD11b+Gr1+ Neutrophils Activates Cardiac Fibroblasts to Initiate Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Inflammation and Injury. (54doctor.net)
- In this context, it often refers to the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells from mature cells such as adult fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
- Fibroblasts or other differentiated cell types have been used for direct reprogramming strategies. (wikipedia.org)
embryo
- Adding the two chemicals to the mix induced the cells to form tissue that genetic analysis revealed was very similar to actual developing salivary glands in the embryo. (brightsurf.com)
- A series of experiments, first turning a mouse embryo green by fluorescently tagging STAP cells, then videotaping the transformation of T-cells into pluripotent cells, finally convinced skeptics that the results were real. (wikipedia.org)
- France prohibits reproductive cloning and embryo creation for research purposes, but enacted laws (with a sunset provision expiring in 2009) to allow scientists to conduct stem cell research on imported a large amount of embryos from in vitro fertilization treatments. (wikipedia.org)
- Rossant has discovered information on embryo development, how multiple types of stem cells are established, and the methods at which genes control development. (wikipedia.org)
- The lab specifically focuses on how cells in the early mouse embryos decide their fate and how this information can be applied to maintaining and differentiating embryo-derived stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Embryo development begins with a sperm fertilizing an egg to become a zygote which undergoes many cleavages to develop into a ball of cells called a morula. (wikipedia.org)
- The addition of the two growth phases into the cell cycle allows for the cells to increase in size, as up to this point the blastomeres undergo reductive divisions in which the overall size of the embryo does not increase, but more cells are created. (wikipedia.org)
- In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
- Development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with an identical genome to the original organism (i.e. a clone). (wikipedia.org)
- Stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term. (wikipedia.org)
- The aim of carrying out this procedure is to obtain pluripotent cells from a cloned embryo. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] In the mouse, primordial germ cells (PGCs) arise in the posterior primitive streak of the embryo and start to migrate around 6.25 days after conception. (wikipedia.org)
- Mammalian PGCs are specified by signalling between cells (induction), rather than by the segregation of germ plasm as the embryo divides. (wikipedia.org)
- After fertilization some cells of the newly formed embryo migrate to the germinal ridge and will eventually become the germ cells (sperm and oocytes). (wikipedia.org)
- During differentiation, pluripotent cells make a number of developmental decisions to generate first the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) of the embryo and intermediate progenitors, followed by subsequent decisions or check points, giving rise to all the body's mature tissues. (wikipedia.org)
therapeutic
- The ability to progress via a definitive ectoderm intermediate will underpin the development of rational and efficient methodologies for the derivation of specific ectodermal cell populations from pluripotent cells in culture for use as experimental models or to produce cells with therapeutic applications. (biologists.org)
- Mainly because DDK is often mis-regulated in human cancer cells, it happens to be a therapeutic concentrate on and a variety of DDK inhibitors are at the moment in scientific trials. (thezenweb.com)
- An original human placenta-derived hydrogel (hpECM) preparation was thus generated for assessment in cardiomyocyte cell culture and therapeutic cardiac injection applications. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Sweden forbids reproductive cloning, but allows therapeutic cloning and authorized a stem cell bank. (wikipedia.org)
- She is also working on the development of regenerative therapeutic methods by collecting patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) for which they have generated mouse and human induced iPS cells. (wikipedia.org)
1981
- Since the discovery of embryonic stem (ES) cells (1981) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (2006), source material is potentially unlimited. (wikipedia.org)
mRNA
- (B) Human ES (H9) cells were transfected with Lipofectamine Stem Reagent or FuGENE HD Reagent according to the protocol with an mRNA expressing GFP. (thermofisher.com)
- C, left) Lipofectamine Stem Reagent was used to transfect cells with Cas9 mRNA (modified)/ gRNA: Emx-1 crRNA (Exon2)-tracrRNA oligo/ GFP mRNA (modified) or Cas9 protein/gRNA: Emx-1 crRNA (Exon2)-tracrRNA oligo/ GFP mRNA (modified). (thermofisher.com)
- These genes play a role in germ line development to localize nanos mRNA to the posterior and localize germ cell determinants. (wikipedia.org)
neural
- In Xenopus laevis , BMP4 has been shown to suppress neural tissue and induce surface ectoderm from the definitive ectoderm ( Wilson and Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995 ). (biologists.org)
- Probably involved in the regulatory networks that define neural crest cell fate specification and determine mesoderm cell lineages in mammals. (genecards.org)
- In striking contrast to these studies, studies concentration on neural tissues continue to find that Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells express GPR17 and respond through this receptor to LTC4, LTD4, and certain purines (see GPR17#Function). (wikipedia.org)
Markers
- This research identified cell surface markers to monitor cellular differentiation of embryonic (ES), epiblast (EpiSC), trophoblast (TS), and extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) stem cell lineages. (wikipedia.org)
amniotic fluid
- A.-R. Prusa, E. Marton, M. Rosner, G. Bernaschek, and M. Hengstschläger, "Oct-4-expressing cells in human amniotic fluid: a new source for stem cell research? (hindawi.com)
- Molecular and phenotypic characterization of human amniotic fluid cells and their differentiation potential," Cell Research , vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 329-336, 2006. (hindawi.com)
- Direct reprogramming of human amniotic fluid stem cells by OCT4 and application in repairing of cerebral ischemia damage," International Journal of Biological Sciences , vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 558-568, 2016. (hindawi.com)
- Baculovirus-transduced mouse amniotic fluid-derived stem cells maintain differentiation potential," Annals of Hematology , vol. 88, no. 6, pp. 565-572, 2009. (hindawi.com)
- Ferutinin promotes proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in human amniotic fluid and dental pulp stem cells," Life Sciences , vol. 92, no. 20-21, pp. 993-1003, 2013. (hindawi.com)
- Role of amniotic fluid mesenchymal cells engineered on MgHA/collagen-based scaffold allotransplanted on an experimental animal study of sinus augmentation," Clinical Oral Investigations , vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1661-1675, 2013. (hindawi.com)
- Human amniotic fluid stem cells seeded in fibroin scaffold produce in vivo mineralized matrix," Tissue Engineering-Part A , vol. 17, no. 21-22, pp. 2833-2843, 2011. (hindawi.com)
migrate
- Nanos is required to prevent mitosis and somatic differentiation and for the pole cells to migrate to function as PGCs (see next section). (wikipedia.org)
International Society for Stem Cell Res
- In 2013, she was the president of International Society for Stem Cell Research. (wikipedia.org)
- She is also a member or life member of the Indian Society of Cell Biology, the Society for Developmental Biology, USA, the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR), the North American Vascular Biology Organization (NAVBO) and the Indian Society of Developmental Biologists. (wikipedia.org)
ectoderm
- Using a previously established mouse ES-cell-based system that recapitulates the development of the ectoderm lineage we have identified a transient population that is consistent with definitive ectoderm. (biologists.org)
- The ability to form, recognize and manipulate the differentiation of definitive ectoderm is crucial to understanding the determination of cell fate in the ectoderm. (biologists.org)
- and predicts formation of a cell population equivalent to the definitive ectoderm. (biologists.org)
subsequently
- The technique for producing STAP cells was subsequently studied by Obokata at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), while she was studying as a post doc under Charles Vacanti, and then at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Japan. (wikipedia.org)
cleavage
- Prior to this transition, cleavage occurs with only the synthesis and mitosis phases of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast, animal miRNAs are able to recognize their target mRNAs by using as little as 6-8 nucleotides (the seed region) at the 5' end of the miRNA, which is not enough pairing to induce cleavage of the target mRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
- The cells that give rise to the gametes are often set aside during embryonic cleavage. (wikipedia.org)
- Cleavage in most animals segregates cells containing germ plasm from other cells. (wikipedia.org)
biology
- The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.2014;55:65-71. (54doctor.net)
- Rossant has won numerous awards in cell and developmental biology. (wikipedia.org)
- The SB ("Sleeping Beauty") 100X is announced as the Molecule of the Year 2009 by Isidro A. T. Savillo, President of the International Society for Molecular and Cell Biology and Biotechnology Protocols and Researches (ISMCBBPR). (wikipedia.org)
- In biology, Reprogramming refers to erasure and remodeling of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, during mammalian development or in cell culture. (wikipedia.org)
- Directed differentiation is a bioengineering methodology at the interface of stem cell biology, developmental biology and tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)
- Efficient directed differentiation requires a detailed understanding of the lineage and cell fate decision, often provided by developmental biology. (wikipedia.org)
progenitor
- We examine how competitive dynamics in stem and progenitor cell compartments influence irrespective of whether initiating oncogenic occasions bring about clonal growth and most cancers. (thezenweb.com)
Epithelial Cells
- 3.Aiping Lan, Yongfen Qi, Jie Du: Akt2 Mediates TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition by Deactivating GSK3β/Snail Signaling Pathway in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. (54doctor.net)
- The first person to successfully demonstrate reprogramming was John Gurdon, who in 1962 demonstrated that differentiated somatic cells could be reprogrammed back into an embryonic state when he managed to obtain swimming tadpoles following the transfer of differentiated intestinal epithelial cells into enucleated frog eggs. (wikipedia.org)
transcription factors
- STAP would have been a radically simpler method of stem cell generation than previously researched methods as it requires neither nuclear transfer nor the introduction of transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
- Reprogramming can also be induced artificially through the introduction of exogenous factors, usually transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
- This method, also known as transdifferentiation or direct conversion, consists in overexpressing one or several factors, usually transcription factors, introduced in the cells. (wikipedia.org)
- A drawback of this approach is the introduction of foreign nucleic acid in the cells and the forced expression of transcription factors which effects are not fully understood. (wikipedia.org)
protein
- 18.Shu-Lan Qiu, Zhi-Cheng Xiao, Chun-Mei Piao, Ying-Lin Xian, Li-Xin Jia, Young-Fen Qi, Jiahuai Han, You-Yi Zhang, Jie Du: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase α2 Protects Against Liver Injury from Metastasized Tumors via Reduced Glucose Deprivation-Induced Oxidative Stress. (54doctor.net)
- 631166 and 631346), or you can monitor co-induced expression of your transgene with a fluorescent protein using kits that contain pTRE3G-mCherry (Cat. (clontech.com)
- Alkaline phosphatase in E. coli is located in the periplasmic space and can thus be released using techniques that weaken the cell wall and release the protein. (wikipedia.org)
- CysLTR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor that links to and when bound to its CysLT ligands activates the Gq alpha subunit and/or Ga subunit of its coupled G protein, depending on the cell type. (wikipedia.org)
populations
- Recognition and analysis of these transient cell populations has been hampered by technical difficulties in accessing them in vivo. (biologists.org)
- In this regard, the most promising strategy is the selective chemical ablation of undifferentiated cells in PSC-derived populations using small molecules which are not toxic to differentiated cells of interest. (provendis.info)
multipotent
- The formation and differentiation of multipotent precursors underlies the generation of cell diversity during mammalian development. (biologists.org)
Inflammation
- 15.Guan-Ming Qi, Li-Xin Jia, Yu-Lin Li, Hui-Hua Li, Jie Du: Adiponectin Suppresses Angiotensin II-Induced Inflammation and Cardiac Fibrosis through Activation of Macrophage Autophagy. (54doctor.net)
somatic cell
- Stem cell treatments are a type of cell therapy that introduce new cells into adult bodies for possible treatment of cancer, somatic cell nuclear transfer, diabetes, and other medical conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- It is a technique for cloning in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg. (wikipedia.org)
- The process of somatic cell nuclear transplant involves two different cells. (wikipedia.org)
- In human SCNT (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer) experiments, these eggs are obtained through consenting donors, utilizing ovarian stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
- The second being a somatic cell, referring to the cells of the human body. (wikipedia.org)
- What is left is a somatic cell and an denucleated egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
- These are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the 'empty' ovum. (wikipedia.org)
- After being inserted into the egg, the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
- The resulting cells would be genetically identical to the somatic cell donor, thus avoiding any complications from immune system rejection. (wikipedia.org)
- An oocyte can reprogram an adult nucleus into an embryonic state after somatic cell nuclear transfer, so that a new organism can be developed from such cell. (wikipedia.org)
Sox2
- Sox2 suppression by miR-21 governs human mesenchymal stem cell properties," Stem Cells Translational Medicine , vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 54-68, 2014. (hindawi.com)
1998
- In 1998, her work helped lead to the discovery of the trophoblast stem cell, which has assisted in showing how congenital anomalies in the heart, blood vessels, and placenta can occur. (wikipedia.org)
feeder cells
- co-culture with stromal cells or feeder cells, and on specific culture substrates: support cells and matrices provide developmental-like environmental signals. (wikipedia.org)
genome
- In this system, the red operon from bacteriophage λ is transfected into E. coli cells to facilitate incorporation of linear target DNA into the E. coli genome. (wikipedia.org)
primordial germ
- Cells expressing germ plasm become primordial germ cells (PGCs) which will then give rise to the gametes. (wikipedia.org)
- This cytoplasm, pole plasm, contains specialized materials called polar granules and the pole cells are the precursors to primordial germ cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, during the process of gametogenesis the primordial germ cells must have their original biparental DNA methylation patterns erased and re-established based on the sex of the transmitting parent. (wikipedia.org)
regulation
- We at present target microRNA-mediated regulation from the self-renewal and differentiation of skin stem cells and their roles in the initiation and development of epithelial most cancers. (thezenweb.com)
Oct4
- On average only 25% of cells survived the acid treatment, but over 50% of those that survived converted to Oct4-GFP+CD45− pluripotent cells. (wikipedia.org)
lineage
- My function focuses on mechanisms that travel the differentiation of stem cells or progenitors to activate B cell lineage-specific courses and undertake motivation. (thezenweb.com)
- Only cells committed to the lineage of interest is surviving the selection. (wikipedia.org)
fundamental
- It suggests a fundamental connection among circadian timing, cell cycle progress, and potentially the origins of some cancers. (rxpgnews.com)
- Maintaining homeostatic Ca 2+ signaling is a fundamental physiological process in living cells. (jove.com)
types
- This means that in these cell types long term tetracycline inducible expression can be achieved. (clontech.com)
- She repeated the experiment with other cell types including brain, skin, and muscle cells with the same result. (wikipedia.org)
novel
- The notion that the clock regulates DNA-damage input and that mutation can affect the clock as well as the cell cycle is novel. (rxpgnews.com)
1997
- Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell were the first to demonstrate that an adult mammalian cell could be reprogrammed back into a pluripotent state when they cloned Dolly the sheep in 1997. (wikipedia.org)
RIKEN
- On August 5, 2014, Yoshiki Sasai-Obokata's supervisor at RIKEN and one of the coauthors on the STAP cell papers-was found dead at a RIKEN facility after an apparent suicide by hanging. (wikipedia.org)
early embryonic
- 3D cell aggregate formation, termed embryoid bodies (EBs): the aggregate aim at mimicking early embryonic development and instructing the cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
proteins
- Recent evidence in mammalian cells shows that other cell cycle regulators physically interact with clock proteins. (rxpgnews.com)
- These IRES-containing bicistronic vectors allow the simultaneous induced expression of two proteins separately but from the same RNA transcript. (clontech.com)
- Phys.org) 4 April - A new method developed by Cornell biological engineers offers an efficient way to make proteins for use in medicine or industry without the use of live cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Alkaline phosphatase in E. coli is uncommonly soluble and active within elevated temperature conditions such as 80 °C. Due to the kinetic energy induced by this temperature the weak hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions of common proteins become degraded and therefore coalesce and precipitate. (wikipedia.org)