• Most notably the hydroxyl radicals are produced from the decomposition of hydroperoxides (ROOH) or, in atmospheric chemistry, by the reaction of excited atomic oxygen with water. (wikipedia.org)
  • The destruction of pollutants in AOPs is based on the non-selective reaction of hydroxyl radicals on organic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is degraded in the atmosphere primarily by reaction with hydroxyl, so the amount of methyl chloroform in the air correlates with the amount of hydroxyl. (mpg.de)
  • Reaction of N -Acylhomoserine Lactones with Hydroxyl Radicals:" by Rebecca L. Frey, Lijian He et al. (sc.edu)
  • The effect of various organic acids on hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation in the Fenton reaction were examined by the ESR spin trapping technique, where 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyroline-N-nitroxide (DMPO) and α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) were used as the spin trapping reagents. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Ali, MA & Konishi, T 1998, ' Enhancement of hydroxyl radical generation in the Fenton reaction by alpha-hydroxy acid ', Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International , vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 137-145. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Photo-oxidation products from the reaction of a series of alkyl-benzenes, (benzene, toluene, p -xylene and 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene) with hydroxyl radicals in the presence of NO x have been investigated using comprehensive gas chromatography (GCxGC). (copernicus.org)
  • promoted radical chain reaction during ozonation. (eawag.ch)
  • Electron spin resonance was used to measure carbon-centered as well as hydroxyl radicals produced by a Fenton-like reaction with wildfire smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • however, the ultrafine particles generated more OH radicals in the acellular Fenton-like reaction. (cdc.gov)
  • 2-deoxyribose can be oxidized by hydroxyl radicals triggered by Fenton reagents, and then the oxidized products of 2-deoxyribose can react with 2-thiobarbituric acid under heating condition to produce a pink chromogen (thiobarbituric acid reactive species, TBARS). (springeropen.com)
  • OH radical is reactive toward many components of the atmosphere including methane, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and any organic compound. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemical species including hydroxyl and peroxy radicals (OH and HO 2 + RO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), nitrous acid (HONO), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and bromine oxide (BrO) were measured during the campaign. (unh.edu)
  • Recent studies suggested that long-lived photooxidants (LLPO), which are reactive intermediates formed during irradiation of dissolved organic matter (DOM), may consist of phenoxyl radicals derived from phenolic moieties of the DOM. (eawag.ch)
  • Metronidazole, being electron-affinic, can accept an electron from neutral free radical centres to generate a reactive cation that binds to an anion such as hydroxyl (OH-), causing a permanent lesion. (who.int)
  • Global gene expression analysis reveals differences in cellular responses to hydroxyl- and superoxide anion radical-induced oxidative stress in caco-2 cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • In one manifestation of this reactivity, the hydroxyl radical contributes significantly in vivo to oxidative damage to DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite led to severe oxidative damage in the lenticular tissues, shown by increased formation of formazan crystals, elevated generation of superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide radicals, and elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and protein expression that possibly contributed to the opacification of the lens and thus cataract formation. (molvis.org)
  • OH), non-free-radical compounds (H 2 O 2 ) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), which can be formed by different mechanisms in living organisms. (intechopen.com)
  • These findings may imply the need for more frequent daily administration of hydroxyl scavenger, or possible additional hydrogen effects on scavenger mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment with 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiourea (DMTU), a hydroxyl radical scavenger, or deferoxamine (DFX), an iron chelator, was performed to confirm hydroxyl radical production and study the role of iron. (unict.it)
  • The advantage of this protein footprinting method is that it utilizes the reactivity of hydroxyl radicals to stably modify solvent accessible residues non-specifically in a microsecond. (wustl.edu)
  • The complexant edta allows one to generate hydroxyl radicals at pH 7, which is compatible with DNA and other biomolecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • METHODS: After fibre characterisation and the determination of particulate specific surface, the ability of quarry rock dust and house plaster dust to generate hydroxyl radicals was measured in vitro using the deoxyribose degradation assay. (unict.it)
  • Furthermore, hydroxyl radicals are one of the main sources for the destruction of oxides of nitrogen which, in the stratosphere, are themselves a destroyer of ozone. (newscientist.com)
  • H2O → e− + H2O+ H2O+ → HO· + H+ Quenching occurs by formation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxide formation: HO· + e− → OH− The hydroxyl radical reacts at nearly diffusion rates with all organic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • They analyze a molecule in the atmosphere that reacts with hydroxyl radicals but is much more stable and easier to measure: methyl chloroform. (mpg.de)
  • Furthermore, the residual toxicity, assessed by a 3-dimensional human in vitro liver model, was substantially reduced during the treatment by both radical species. (muni.cz)
  • OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of the fluoro-edenite fibres present in mineral dusts and house plaster to release hydroxyl radicals in vitro. (unict.it)
  • 2007 ). Our previous results showed that EDF could act as an antioxidant to scavenge hydroxyl radicals in vitro (Gao et al. (springeropen.com)
  • EPR spin trapping experiments with polymers, oligomers, and component monosaccharides, including 13C-labeled materials, have provided evidence for the formation of specific carbon-centered sugar-derived radicals. (ku.dk)
  • The hydroxyl radical can cause numerous types of damage to the nucleotide bases of DNA (for example, formation of 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine), as well as deoxyribose damage, strand breaks and interstrand cross-links. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this work, we examine new particle formation from the primary pathway of oxidation of gas-phase DMS by OH radicals. (au.dk)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Protease-cleaved iron-transferrin augments oxidant-mediated endothelial cell injury via hydroxyl radical formation. (duke.edu)
  • Previous work has shown that the Pseudomonas-derived protease, pseudomonas elastase (PAE), can modify transferrin to form iron complexes capable of catalyzing the formation of hydroxyl radical (.OH) from neutrophil (PMN)-derived superoxide (.O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). (duke.edu)
  • Although many factors have been implicated, cataract formation is primarily associated with oxidative stress produced by free radicals. (molvis.org)
  • Therefore, preventing ROS production or scavenging of free radicals may be an effective strategy for preventing or delaying cataract formation or progression. (molvis.org)
  • The time course of formation of these radicals is consistent with these species being involved in polymer fragmentation. (ku.dk)
  • The formation of hydroxyl radical in the post-ischemic reperfused heart was measured with high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection using salicylic acid. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Wang, Y. (2023) Evaluation of the role of superoxide radical as chain carrier for the formation of hydroxyl radical during ozonation , Water Research , 242, 120158 (10 pp. (eawag.ch)
  • Two van der Waals complexes has reported which are from the interaction of lone pairs electron of oxygen and Π electrons of 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran with the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl radical. (nsmsi.ir)
  • A hydroxyl radical consists of one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom. (mpg.de)
  • Global average hydroxyl radical concentrations have been measured indirectly by analyzing methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) present in the air. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary atmospheric oxidant responsible for removing many important trace gases, including methane, from the atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
  • Hydroxyl radicals play a key role in the oxidative destruction of organic pollutants using a series of methodologies collectively known as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). (wikipedia.org)
  • The Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) based on hydroxyl radicals can attack both types of bacteria. (airtecnics.com)
  • Hydroxyl radicals clean the air by breaking down organic substances such as climate-damaging methane. (mpg.de)
  • We hypothesized that hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), produced by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus during growth on SOM, are involved in liberating organic N. (lu.se)
  • Cytochemical localization of nitroblue tetrazolium salts and generation of superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide levels were measured. (molvis.org)
  • When rat pups were treated with intraperitoneal administration of the extract of C. maritima , the generation of free radicals as well as the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase were maintained at near normal levels. (molvis.org)
  • Additionally, excess nitric oxide is converted to peroxynitrite, a free radical that damages mitochondria and decreases ATP ( adenosine triphosphate) production. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Improved brain MRI indices in the acute brain stem infarct sites treated with hydroxyl radical scavengers, Edaravone and hydrogen, as compared to Edaravone alone. (nih.gov)
  • We treated brainstem infarction patients in acute stage with hydroxyl radical scavengers (Edaravone and hydrogen) by intravenous administration and evaluated the effects of the treatment by a serial observation and analysis of these MRI indices. (nih.gov)
  • Administration of hydroxyl radical scavengers in acute stage of brainstem infarction improved MRI indices against the natural course. (nih.gov)
  • Oxygen radical scavengers selectively inhibit interleukin 8 production in human whole blood. (jci.org)
  • Other oxygen radical scavengers that have been shown to inhibit OH. (jci.org)
  • The underlying degradation mechanisms were similar for both radical species and involved hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, sulfate group removal, ring cleavage, and further fragmentation. (muni.cz)
  • The hydroxyl radicals-scavenging activity of the compound was represented as the inhibition percentage of 2-deoxyribose degradation. (springeropen.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The hydroxyl radicals generated by asbestos fibres have long been known to mediate inflammatory fibrosis of the lung and DNA damage that may ultimately result in lung carcinoma and mesothelioma. (unict.it)
  • A distributed feedback diode laser based Faraday rotation spectroscopy (FRS) instrument was developed for detection of hydroxyl free radical (OH) at 2.8 μm. (princeton.edu)
  • Polymer fragmentation is shown to be dependent on the radical flux, to be O2-independent, and to occur in a site-selective manner as indicated by the detection of disaccharide fragments. (ku.dk)
  • Onodera, T & Ashraf, M 1991, ' Detection of hydroxyl radicals in the post-ischemic reperfused heart using salicylate as a trapping agent ', Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology , vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 365-370. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To investigate the possible free radical-scavenging activity of an extract of Cineraria maritima on selenite-induced cataractous lenses in Wistar rat pups. (molvis.org)
  • The data generated by this study suggest that an ethanolic extract of C. maritima possibly prevents cataractogenesis in a rat model by minimizing free radical generation. (molvis.org)
  • Free radicals can be defined as molecules or molecular fragments containing one or more unpaired electrons in atomic or molecular orbitals formed during a variety of biochemical reactions and cellular functions. (hindawi.com)
  • Free radicals can cause damage in structural and metabolic components like lipids, proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates and DNA in cells and tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • These smoke particles contain intermediates of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen free radicals, which may pose a potential health risk. (cdc.gov)
  • Our investigation looked into the involvement of free radicals in smoke toxicity and the relationship between particle size and radical generation. (cdc.gov)
  • The liver is one of the main organs that is that they are not distributed uniformly generates free radicals in different patho- throughout the liver, the periportal concen- logical conditions [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • The molecules most the study from the inpatient and outpatient exposed to damage by free radicals are the clinics of the National Liver Institute. (who.int)
  • Antioxidants can neutralize free hydroxyl radicals and prevent their adverse biological effect 10 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Under aerobic conditions, there is enough oxygen to react with all the free radicals and addition of metronidazole, or any other sensitizers, yields no further benefit. (who.int)
  • In this investigation, kinetics of the reactions of 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran with Hydroxyl radical TEMPhas studied. (nsmsi.ir)
  • However hydroxyl is also recycled by a number of chemical reactions, with the result that its concentration remains stable. (mpg.de)
  • Microsomes have the potential to oxidize alcohols by two pathways, one dependent on hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and the other dependent on cytochrome P-450 in which ·OH does not seem to be involved. (mssm.edu)
  • AOP uses powerful hydroxyl radicals that instantly oxidize and sanitize the water. (nrpa.org)
  • abstract = "To investigate the effects of aqueous phase oxidants on the needle gas exchange of pine seedlings, simulated dew waters generating hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were sprayed onto the needle surfaces of pine seedlings. (elsevierpure.com)
  • v) Acetone contributes up to 30-40% of hydroxyl radical production in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. (nasa.gov)
  • In the atmosphere, these radicals are present in extremely low concentrations. (mpg.de)
  • the cloud surrounds the DNA's chromatin envelope, blocking hydroxyl radicals and preventing them from disrupting cellular DNA, the researchers reported. (livescience.com)
  • Treatment of the dusts with DMTU or DFX significantly reduced hydroxyl radical production by both samples. (unict.it)
  • These results indicate that the radical generation and the damage caused by them is not only a function of surface area but is also influenced by changing chemical and other characteristics due to particle size. (cdc.gov)
  • Radiosensitizers are chemical agents that have the potential to increase the lethal effect of radicals induced during irradiation [1-6].The extent of radiation damage to cells is dependent on the amount of oxygen available to the cell [1,2,7,8]. (who.int)
  • Although SO4-center dot radicals removed the toxin more effectively, both radical species substantially degraded CYN. (muni.cz)
  • The hydroxyl radical is very stable as a dilute gas, but it decays very rapidly in the condensed phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Particle size-dependent radical generation from wildland fire smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • Spatial and temporal variability in the hydroxyl (OH) radical: understanding. (nasa.gov)
  • Hydroxyl radical is pervasive in the atmosphere and its behavior governs much of atmospheric chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • An international team of researchers, including scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, has found that the concentration of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere has changed little in recent years. (mpg.de)
  • Hydroxyl radicals are a key component of the self-cleaning capacity of the atmosphere, as they rid the air of many dangerous pollutants. (mpg.de)
  • proposed a common mechanism that ROS (especially hydroxyl radicals) could be considerable factors on bacterial PCD which was triggered by bactericidal antibiotics, but not by bacteriostatic antibiotics (Kohanski et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The hydroxyl radical is known to be a key chain carrier in a great number of combustion and propulsion systems. (nycu.edu.tw)
  • The main objective of this study was to further test the potential role of phenoxyl radical as LLPO. (eawag.ch)
  • Pulse radiolysis of water produces hydroxyl radicals as well as solvated electrons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydroxyl radicals are highly destructive to the tissue and aggravate cerebral infarction. (nih.gov)
  • Heart muscle cells die en masse after injury, yet the adult mammalian heart retains little capacity to regenerate them. (natureasia.com)
  • However, our insight in molecular responses to different oxygen radicals is still fragmentary. (bvsalud.org)