ChlorideSaltsInhalationSulfideOdorSodiumMethaneNitrogenPrussicAmmoniaEXPOSUREGasesChemicalsCompoundsCytochrome oxidaseOxygenHydrocarbonsRelease cyanidePotassium cyanideFlammableChemical compoundPeroxideAsphyxiantConcentrationsInorganicOxidative processesSmell hydrogenLevels of hydrogenHighly toxicDetectorAcidRapidly fatalAcidicBitterMethylChlorineAcetyleneIsocyanideInhibitsExplosiveConcentrationDegussaToxicantProcesses
Chloride8
- But such oxidative processes using chloride, hydrogen peroxide and ozone can possibly create toxic gases (ClCN, CNO) and other chemicals (cyanate, chlorinated phenol) as byproducts. (vert-de-rouge.be)
- Replaces Hydrogen Chloride sensor, standard calibration range is 0-20 ppm for each sensor. (oxidationtech.com)
- Most hydrogen chloride (HCl) is used in the production of hydrochloric acid. (indsci.com)
- Other industries or applications where high levels of hydrogen chloride may occur include petrochemical facilities, cotton production, metal pickling, rubber manufacturing, and semiconductor production. (indsci.com)
- HCN Sensor Hydrogen Cyanide Gas Sensor_HCL Sensor Hydrogen Chloride Gas Sensor_EC Sensor_Radiation Detector--SemeaTech Inc. (semeatech.com)
- 3-Series NO-2000CT Sensor_HCN Sensor Hydrogen Cyanide Gas Sensor_HCL Sensor Hydrogen Chloride Gas Sensor_EC Sensor_Radiation Detector--SemeaTech Inc. (semeatech.com)
- By applying water to the spillage, he increased the amount of hydrogen chloride generated. (hse.gov.uk)
- Inhalation of chemicals released in the smoke, such as hydrogen chloride, phosgene, sulfur dioxide, toxic aldehyde chemicals, and ammonia, can cause swelling and damage to the windpipe (trachea) and even the lungs. (msdmanuals.com)
Salts9
- The salts of the cyanide anion are known as cyanides. (wikipedia.org)
- In the laboratory, small amounts of HCN are produced by the addition of acids to cyanide salts of alkali metals: H+ + NaCN → HCN + Na+ This reaction is sometimes the basis of accidental poisonings because the acid converts a nonvolatile cyanide salt into the gaseous HCN. (wikipedia.org)
- Cyanide salts are used in metallurgy for electroplating, metal cleaning, and removing gold from its ore. (gasdetection.com)
- For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts ), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide , and even hydrogen cyanide despite the fact it contains a carbon-hydrogen bond), are generally considered inorganic . (wikipedia.org)
- Most cases of toxicity from dermal exposure have been from industrial accidents involving partial immersion in liquid cyanide or cyanide solutions or from contact with molten cyanide salts, resulting in large surface- area burns (ATSDR 2006). (cdc.gov)
- Ingestion of hydrogen cyanide solutions or cyanide salts can be rapidly fatal (ATSDR 2006). (cdc.gov)
- Treatment of ingested cyanide salts is similar to treatment of oral hydrogen cyanide poisoning because cyanide salts form hydrogen cyanide in acidic conditions. (cdc.gov)
- It may be generated by treating cyanide salts with acid, and it is a combustion by-product of nitrogen-containing materials such as wool, silk, and plastics. (cdc.gov)
- The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE. (bvsalud.org)
Inhalation8
- Hydrogen cyanide (AC) can affect the body by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, or eye contact. (cdc.gov)
- The US Defence Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) sponsored a two-year set of experiments, conducted in 2012 and 2013, that were designed and executed by the US Army's Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center (ECBC) and the Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton (NAMRU-D) to explore time-varying inhalation exposures of hydrogen cyanide gas on rats. (inderscience.com)
- Chronic exposure to cyanide via inhalation results in effects on the central nervous system, such as headaches, dizziness, numbness, tremor, and loss of visual acuity. (gasdetection.com)
- While many fire department medical directors and physicians have altered treatment protocols to consider cyanide as a deadly poison in smoke inhalation patients, thousands still have not. (burn-injury-resource-center.com)
- Information collected will be available to all medical professionals, day or night, and will hopefully provide insight into "new" treatment practices that include consideration of an antidote for cyanide poisoning associated with smoke inhalation-more than just hyperbaric chamber therapy that forces high amounts of oxygen into a patient to cleanse the lungs of carbon monoxide. (burn-injury-resource-center.com)
- Cyanide poisoning usually occurs as the result of smoke inhalation or with suicidal attempt. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning usually occur less than 1 minute after inhalation and within a few minutes after ingestion. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Hydrogen cyanide is absorbed rapidly, producing an almost immediate effect if exposure is by inhalation. (medscape.com)
Sulfide1
- Systemic asphyxiants poison cells throughout the body and include Cyanide compounds Hydrogen sulfide. (msdmanuals.com)
Odor3
- Hydrogen cyanide has a faint, bitter almond odor and a bitter, burning taste. (cdc.gov)
- The hydrogen cyanide odor threshold is around 0.6 ppm. (forensicsdetectors.com)
- Cyanide has a characteristic almondlike odor. (medscape.com)
Sodium8
- This method was used until Hamilton Castner in 1894 developed a synthesis starting from coal, ammonia, and sodium yielding sodium cyanide, which reacts with acid to form gaseous HCN. (wikipedia.org)
- The hydrogen Cyanide market is witnessing growth due to the rising demand for sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide manufacturing and the growing applications of HCN in Adiponitrile production. (outfitclothingsuite.com)
- This research aimed to degrade free cyanide (CNL) present in the tailing of a metallurgical plant that processes goldbearing ores and uses sodium cyanide (NaCN) as a leaching reagent. (vert-de-rouge.be)
- Sodium metabisulfite (Na 2 S 2 O 5) and sodium metabisulfite with hydrogen peroxide (Na 2 S 2 O 5 + H 2 O 2) were used as oxidizing agents. (vert-de-rouge.be)
- Sodium Cyanide" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Sodium Cyanide" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Sodium Cyanide" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Sodium Cyanide" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
- Cyanide has a high affinity for metals like cobalt and trivalent iron, and for sulfane compounds such as sodium thiosulfate which contains a sulfur-to-sulfur bond. (scienceoxygen.com)
Methane4
- Of lesser importance is the Degussa process (BMA process) in which no oxygen is added and the energy must be transferred indirectly through the reactor wall: CH4 + NH3 → HCN + 3H2 This reaction is akin to steam reforming, the reaction of methane and water to give carbon monoxide and hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
- The hydrogen cyanide production is done using the Degussa process (or BMA process) in which no oxygen is added (unlike the Andrussow oxidation), and the energy is transferred indirectly through the reactor wall while methane and ammonia are reacted. (outfitclothingsuite.com)
- Hydrogen cyanide is produced through Ammonia and Methane. (outfitclothingsuite.com)
- Hydrogen cyanide is manufactured by oxidation of ammonia- methane mixtures under controlled conditions and by the catalytic decomposition of formamide. (cdc.gov)
Nitrogen1
- Hydrogen cyanide is a linear molecule, with a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen. (wikipedia.org)
Prussic2
- Hydrogen cyanide (also known as prussic acid) is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structural formula H−C≡N. It is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at 25.6 °C (78.1 °F). HCN is produced on an industrial scale and is a highly valued precursor to many chemical compounds ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydrogen cyanide is a colourless chemical compound, which is also called prussic acid. (outfitclothingsuite.com)
Ammonia3
- Hydrogen cyanide forms in at least limited amounts from many combinations of hydrogen, carbon, and ammonia. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydrogen cyanide could be obtained from potassium ferricyanide and acid: 6 H+ + [Fe(CN)6]3− → 6 HCN + Fe3+ The large demand for cyanides for mining operations in the 1890s was met by George Thomas Beilby, who patented a method to produce hydrogen cyanide by passing ammonia over glowing coal in 1892. (wikipedia.org)
- The burning end of the cigarette is what produces the most / worst second hand smoke as this smoke has been proven to be poisonous, containing higher than acceptable levels of toxins such as ammonia, carbon monoxide and even hydrogen cyanide. (smokefreeengland.co.uk)
EXPOSURE6
- Exposure to hydrogen cyanide (AC) can be rapidly fatal. (cdc.gov)
- If the exposure was to cyanide gas, decontamination of clothing or equipment is unnecessary in view of its high volatility. (who.int)
- The appliion area of concern could also be flushed with a hydrogen peroxide solution prior to Solutrix™ E exposure, to destroy any cyanide present. (vert-de-rouge.be)
- Avoiding hydrogen cyanide gas exposure is essential to protect your family and coworkers. (forensicsdetectors.com)
- If you suspect that you have been exposed to hydrogen cyanide, i t is important to evacuate to an outdoor environment with no traces of HCN exposure. (forensicsdetectors.com)
- Exposure to hydrogen cyanide can cause skin and eye irritation. (cdc.gov)
Gases4
- Chlorine and hydrogen cyanide are two common HAZMAT gases and this paper addresses the need for experimental data tailored to HAZMAT scenarios and first responders. (edu.au)
- Easy to operate, comprehensive functions, can measure 4 common gas hazards: carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, flamma-ble gases and oxygen depletion, other multi gases are available for customization. (multi-gasdetector.com)
- It produces injury through several mechanisms, including thermal injury to the upper airway, irritation or chemical injury to the airways from soot, asphyxiation, and toxicity from carbon monoxide (CO) and other gases such as cyanide (CN). (medscape.com)
- This produces toxic gases including hydrogen cyanide. (ilo.org)
Chemicals1
- Urine specimens were collected to test for thiocyanate, and cassava tuber and soil samples were tested for cyanide and other chemicals. (who.int)
Compounds6
- It is more toxic than solid cyanide compounds due to its volatile nature. (wikipedia.org)
- From polymers to pharmaceuticals, hydrogen peroxide is a valuable precursor to various chemical compounds and is prepared commercially. (outfitclothingsuite.com)
- While these methods of delivery involve the gas phase, the pits of many fruits contain cyanogenic compounds-that release hydrogen cyanide when chewed or digested. (gasdetection.com)
- Living things incorporate inorganic carbon compounds into organic compounds through a network of processes ( the carbon cycle ) that begins with the conversion of carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source like water into simple sugars and other organic molecules by autotrophic organisms using light ( photosynthesis ) or other sources of energy. (wikipedia.org)
- National Pollutant Inventory: Cyanide compounds fact sheet Diarsipkan 2006-05-17 di Wayback Machine . (wikipedia.org)
- The smoke may contain ultra-fine particles, toxic compounds (e.g., benzene, toluene, hydrogen cyanide), viruses (e.g., human papilloma virus [HPV]), and cancer cells (Guideline for Surgical Smoke Safety). (cdc.gov)
Cytochrome oxidase6
- After oxygen has been administered, subsequent treatment is aimed at dissociating the cyanide ion into cytochrome oxidase. (who.int)
- The mechanism of cyanide intoxication has been attributed to the inhibition of cytochrome oxidase, thereby decreasing the tissue utilization of oxygen. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Cyanide reversibly binds to the ferric ions cytochrome oxidase three within the mitochondria. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Cyanide causes intracellular hypoxia by reversibly binding to mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase a(3). (scienceoxygen.com)
- Cyanide combines with cytochrome oxidase and prevents the transfer of electrons to oxygen. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Asphyxiants either displace oxygen from the air or interfere with tissue oxygen delivery by blocking the action of hemoglobin or cytochrome oxidase (eg, CO, cyanide). (medscape.com)
Oxygen7
- Also known as hydrocyanic acid (CAS Registry Number 74‐90‐8) or HCN, hydrogen cyanide is a rapid‐acting lethal agent that inhibits aerobic respiration at the cellular level, preventing cells from utilizing oxygen. (who.int)
- Hydrogen cyanide is a systemic chemical asphyxiant, interfering with oxygen usage in the body. (forensicsdetectors.com)
- Although hydrogen is not toxic, it is flammable and high concentrations in confined spaces will displace oxygen. (indsci.com)
- Cyanide prevents the cells of the body from using oxygen. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Cyanide binds to the electron transport chain and prevents the transfer of electrons to oxygen, so it would stop NADH from being turned into NAD+. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Cyanide binds to the cytochrome c oxidase (CcOX) heme a3-CuB binuclear center to inhibit both cellular oxygen utilization and ATP production (Way, 1984). (scienceoxygen.com)
- Cyanide rapidly decreased hepatic oxygen uptake by 70% and increased rates of glycolysis (lactate plus pyruvate production) from less than 10 to over 60 mumol/g/hr. (scienceoxygen.com)
Hydrocarbons1
- This report covers a detailed cost analysis of Hydrogen Cyanide production using Hydrocarbons. (outfitclothingsuite.com)
Release cyanide1
- Ingested linamarin can release cyanide in the gut during digestion, causing illness and sometimes death. (who.int)
Potassium cyanide1
- Large-scale applications are for the production of potassium cyanide and adiponitrile, used in mining and plastics, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Flammable3
- Hydrogen cyanide boils slightly above room temperature at 25.6 °C or 78.1 °F and is a highly flammable and poisonous chemical. (outfitclothingsuite.com)
- The hydrogen peroxide manufacturing process uses natural gas, hydrogen and organic solvents, all of which are highly flammable. (vert-de-rouge.be)
- Hydrogen cyanide is not only highly toxic but also a flammable gas. (forensicsdetectors.com)
Chemical compound2
- In chemistry , many authors consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds , however, some authors consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is an extremely toxic chemical compound found in liquid form below 78°F (25.6°C) or as a colorless gas above 78°F (25.6°C). It is used in many processes, such as fumigating, electroplating, mining, chemical synthesizing, and producing synthetic fibers, plastics, dyes, and pesticides. (indsci.com)
Peroxide4
- The structural formula of hydrogen peroxide is HCN, and its molecular weight is 27.02 g/mol. (outfitclothingsuite.com)
- Introduction Hydrogen peroxide is known to the mining industry as a powerful oxidant. (vert-de-rouge.be)
- Moreover, we also used hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of g/m 3 and burnt lime. (vert-de-rouge.be)
- hydrogen peroxide which is often utilised for cyanide destruction in tails. (vert-de-rouge.be)
Asphyxiant1
- Hydrogen cyanide (AC) is a systemic chemical asphyxiant. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations3
- Hydrogen cyanide is very volatile, producing potentially lethal concentrations at room temperature. (cdc.gov)
- Concentrations of cyanide in heart blood and peripheral blood. (scienceoxygen.com)
- The concentrations of cyanide were determined in biological samples, such as heart blood and peripheral blood (femoral vein). (scienceoxygen.com)
Inorganic1
- CO 2 ), and cyanides are generally considered inorganic . (wikipedia.org)
Oxidative processes1
- Hydrogen cyanide is highly toxic because it inhibits cellular oxidative processes. (gasdetection.com)
Smell hydrogen3
- Can I Smell Hydrogen Cyanide Gas? (forensicsdetectors.com)
- Yes, most humans can smell hydrogen cyanide gas. (forensicsdetectors.com)
- inadequate warning because rapid olfactory fatigue can occur and 20-40% of the general population cannot smell hydrogen cyanide. (cdc.gov)
Levels of hydrogen2
- Levels of hydrogen cyanide as low as 0.2 ppm were found to be toxic to fish. (forensicsdetectors.com)
- Children exposed to the same levels of hydrogen cyanide as adults may receive larger doses because they have greater lung surface area:body weight ratios and increased minute volumes:weight ratios. (cdc.gov)
Highly toxic2
- Hydrogen cyanide is liquid under standard conditions, highly toxic and deadly, colorless and bitter, with a hint of almond. (multi-gasdetector.com)
- Hydrogen cyanide is a highly toxic substance. (multi-gasdetector.com)
Detector6
- ALVI Automation (India) Pvt Ltd, a Division of ALVI Technology Pty Ltd, Australia ( Td/As Gas Alarm Systems) is pleased to introduce our world-class cutting edge Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) Gas Detector and Monitor. (alviautomation.com)
- A hydrogen cyanide detector, also known as an HCN gas detector, senses the concentration of HCN in the air. (forensicsdetectors.com)
- Best Hydrogen Cyanide Gas Detector? (forensicsdetectors.com)
- What Is a Hydrogen Cyanide Gas Detector? (forensicsdetectors.com)
- A hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas detector is an instrument used to detect the concentration of hydrogen cyanide in the air. (forensicsdetectors.com)
- A hydrogen cyanide detector senses HCN gas and displays the levels in parts per million (ppm). (forensicsdetectors.com)
Acid6
- A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water, represented as HCN, is called hydrocyanic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Is HCN (Hydrogen Cyanide) an Acid or Base? (tutorocean.com)
- Going by definitions, a substance that releases H + (hydrogen-ion) in aqueous solution is an acid according to Arrhenius theory. (tutorocean.com)
- HCN (Hydrogen cyanide) is a weak acid. (tutorocean.com)
- In addition, HCN is emitted during reactions between cyanide and acid or combustion. (forensicsdetectors.com)
- Hydrogen cyanide may be released during reactions between cyanide and acid or during a nitrile fire or combustion. (indsci.com)
Rapidly fatal1
- When exposed to hydrogen cyanide gas, the brain, heart, and lungs will be affected and can become rapidly fatal. (forensicsdetectors.com)
Acidic1
- citation needed] Hydrogen cyanide is weakly acidic with a pKa of 9.2. (wikipedia.org)
Bitter3
- The cassava sample had a cyanide level of 68.94 ug/g and was identified as bitter cassava, also known as a potentially dangerous kind. (who.int)
- The cassava consumed was the bitter variety that contains greater than 50 ug/g of hydrogen cyanide and requires thorough preparation before consumption. (who.int)
- For bitter cassava, one traditional way to effectively reduce its cyanide content is by peeling the root crop followed by grating, prolonged soaking (18-24 hours), squeezing and thorough cooking. (who.int)
Methyl1
- The growth of hydrogen cyanide detectors has increased due to its use as a fumigant in response to the need to replace methyl bromide. (forensicsdetectors.com)
Chlorine1
- Chlorine and hydrogen cyanide gas interactions with human skin: In vit" by Sharyn Gaskin, Dino Pisaniello et al. (edu.au)
Acetylene1
- We present global distributions of acetylene (C2H2) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) total columns derived from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). (copernicus.org)
Isocyanide1
- The tautomer of HCN is HNC, hydrogen isocyanide. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibits1
- Cyanide is a gas that inhibits complex IV of the electron transport chain. (scienceoxygen.com)
Explosive2
- When the content of hydrogen cyanide in the air reaches 5.6% to 12.8%, it is explosive. (multi-gasdetector.com)
- Hydrogen cyanide gas mixes well with air, and explosive mixtures are easily formed. (cdc.gov)
Concentration1
- A hydrogen cyanide concentration of 300 mg/m3 in air will kill a human within about 10 minutes. (who.int)
Degussa2
- This report provides a detailed cost analysis of Hydrogen Cyanide production through Degussa Process. (outfitclothingsuite.com)
- Degussa subsidiary CyPlus has joined forces with Canadian mining and metals company Inco to launch a new cyanide detoxifiion process. (vert-de-rouge.be)
Toxicant2
- In April, the Congressional Fire Services Institute (CFSI) passed a resolution noting that there is mounting proof, obtained through atmospheric monitoring on fire grounds throughout the U.S., that hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a predominant toxicant found in fire smoke. (burn-injury-resource-center.com)
- Cyanide is a potent toxicant that produces a rapid onset, histotoxic anoxia by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (Way, 1984). (scienceoxygen.com)
Processes2
- Hydrogen cyanide is produced in large quantities by several processes and is a recovered waste product from the manufacture of acrylonitrile. (wikipedia.org)
- Cyanide destruction processes Most cyanide destruction processes operate on the principle of converting cyanide into a less toxic compound through an oxidation reaction. (vert-de-rouge.be)