- heparin and heparitin sulfate
- The enzymatic degradation of heparin and heparitin sulfate. (wikipedia.org)
- In enzymology, a glucuronate-2-sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction of cleaving off the 2-sulfate groups of the 2-O-sulfo-D-glucuronate residues of chondroitin sulfate, heparin and heparitin sulfate. (wikipedia.org)
- Chondroitin
- The adhesion could be competed out in a dose dependent manner with heparin or heparan sulfate but not with chondroitin sulfate, another negatively charged erythrocyte surface expressed GAG (Fig. 3 C). Taken together, these indicate that the binding of DBL-1 to heparan sulfate is dependent on structure and not merely ionic interactions between the two molecules. (nih.gov)
- In contrast, their thirteen patients with Hunter-Hurler syndrome showed mucopolysacchariduria of two compounds, heparitin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate B. The majority of the heparitin sulfate excretors had a normal or near-normal facial appearance and displayed mild to slight somatic and radiographic manifestations in comparison with their Hunter-Hurler counterparts, who showed more severe involvement. (wikipedia.org)
- PEDF also has binding affinity for GAGs, such as, heparin, heparin- and chondroitin-sulfates, but this affinity is ~1000-fold lower than for the receptor (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
- hippocampal neurons at 30
- A-E) Double immunostaining of hippocampal neurons at 30 DIV with anti-MAP2 (red) and the 10E4 anti-heparan sulfate (green) antibodies. (nih.gov)
- To localize cell surface heparan sulfate immunoreactivity on hippocampal neurons at 30 DIV, cells were first stained alive for heparan sulfate, with subsequent fixation and double immunostaining for synapsin I, a specific marker of presynaptic boutons. (nih.gov)
- To determine which syndecan is responsible for the spine-specific accumulation of heparan sulfate, hippocampal neurons at 30 DIV were stained with pAbs to syndecan-2 and syndecan-4 (Kim et al. (nih.gov)
- Glycosaminoglycans
- Duffy binding-like-1-GST) was found to adhere directly to normal erythrocytes, disrupt naturally formed rosettes, block rosette reformation, and bind to a heparin-Sepharose matrix.The adhesive interactions could be inhibited with heparan sulfate or enzymes that remove heparan sulfate from the cell surface whereas other enzymes or similar glycosaminoglycans of a like negative charge did not affect the binding. (nih.gov)
- The adhesive interactions could be inhibited with heparan sulfate or enzymes that remove heparan sulfate from the cell surface whereas other enzymes or similar glycosaminoglycans of a like negative charge did not affect the binding. (nih.gov)
- Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are alternating copolymers of a hexosamine and an aldouronic acid which are found in sulfated forms and are synthesized as proteoglycans. (google.com)
- Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are polysaccharides that contain repeating disaccharides and sulfate groups. (wikipedia.org)
- Using specific glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes in spectrophotometric assays and PEDF-affinity chromatography, we detected heparin and heparan sulfate-like glycosaminoglycans in the Y-79 conditioned media, which had binding affinity for PEDF. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, enzymatic and chemical depletion of sulfated glycosaminoglycans from the Y-79 cell cultures by heparitinase and chlorate treatments decreased the degree of 125 I-PEDF binding to cell-surface receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
- heparan sulfate immunoreactivity
- Cell surface heparan sulfate immunoreactivity is detected on the cell bodies and along dendrites of the pyramidal neurons. (nih.gov)
- D and E) High-power confocal image shows cell surface heparan sulfate immunoreactivity (yellow) as a puncta on the surface of MAP2-positive dendrites (red), in patterns and shapes reminiscent of dendritic spines. (nih.gov)
- Heparan sulfate immunoreactivity is detected on dendritic spines, which appear as small protrusions on dendritic shafts. (nih.gov)
- On the other hand, syndecan-2 is expressed in neurons in a time course and a pattern similar to those of heparan sulfate immunoreactivity. (nih.gov)
- synapsin
- Confocal microscopy revealed close apposition of cell surface heparan sulfate and synapsin I immunoreactivities (Fig. 2, A-E). Frequently they showed partial, but not complete, overlap (Fig. 2, B and C). This staining pattern suggests that cell surface heparan sulfate is associated with the synaptic junctions of cultured hippocampal neurons. (nih.gov)
- enzyme
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is heparin-sulfate lyase. (wikipedia.org)
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- heparitinase
- Other names in common use include heparin-sulfate eliminase, heparitin-sulfate lyase, heparitinase I, and heparitinase II. (wikipedia.org)
- receptor
- PfEMP1 is suggested to be the rosetting ligand and heparan sulfate, or a heparan sulfate-like molecule, the receptor both for PfEMP1 binding and naturally formed erythrocyte rosettes. (nih.gov)
- These data indicate that retinoblastoma cells secrete heparin/heparan sulfate with binding affinity for PEDF, which may be important in efficient cell-surface receptor binding. (biomedcentral.com)
- Molecular
- 6. The method according to claim 1 or claim 5 wherein said dextran sulfate has a molecular weight between 500 and 2,000,000. (google.es)
- enzymes
- It is caused by a deficiency in one of the enzymes needed to break down the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (which is found in the extra-cellular matrix and on cell surface glycoproteins). (wikipedia.org)
- Although undegraded heparan sulfate is the primary stored substrate, glycolipids such as gangliosides are also stored despite no genetic defect in the enzymes associated with their breakdown. (wikipedia.org)
- cell
- Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-2 induces the maturation of dendritic spines in rat hippocampal neurons. (nih.gov)
- We demonstrate that the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-2 plays a critical role in spine development.Deletion of the COOH-terminal EFYA motif of syndecan-2, the binding site for PDZ domain proteins, abrogates the spine-promoting activity of syndecan-2.Our results indicate that syndecan-2 plays a direct role in the development of postsynaptic specialization through its interactions with PDZ domain proteins. (nih.gov)
- We demonstrate that the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-2 plays a critical role in spine development. (nih.gov)
- Double staining for heparan sulfate and either MAP2, a dendritic marker (Fig. 3, A-E), or NCAM (Fig. 3, F-H) further demonstrated a punctate distribution of cell surface heparan sulfate along the dendrites of hippocampal neurons. (nih.gov)
- Double
- Bar, 20 μm in A and 10 μm in D and E. (F-H) Double immunostaining of 30 DIV hippocampal neurons with anti-NCAM (red) and anti-heparan sulfate 10E4 (green) antibodies. (nih.gov)
- Double labeling of methanol-fixed 30 DIV hippocampal neurons with antibodies to heparan sulfate and PSD-95 further confirmed the synaptic localization of heparan sulfate. (nih.gov)
- cells
- A glycosaminoglycoside (GAG) composition predominantly of tetrasacchardie units derived from heparin/heparan sulfate has enchanced activity in preventing the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. (google.com)
- This staining was not seen in the case of immunolabeling of live cells (Fig. 2 D), suggesting that some heparan sulfates are associated with intracellular compartments. (nih.gov)
- responsible
- 1998). These observations further support our finding that syndecan-2 is one of the HSPGs responsible for the spine-specific accumulation of heparan sulfate on mature hippocampal neurons in vitro, though a contribution by unknown HSPGs has not been ruled out. (nih.gov)
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