- hippocampal neurons at 30
- A-E) Double immunostaining of hippocampal neurons at 30 DIV with anti-MAP2 (red) and the 10E4 anti-heparan sulfate (green) antibodies. (nih.gov)
- To localize cell surface heparan sulfate immunoreactivity on hippocampal neurons at 30 DIV, cells were first stained alive for heparan sulfate, with subsequent fixation and double immunostaining for synapsin I, a specific marker of presynaptic boutons. (nih.gov)
- To determine which syndecan is responsible for the spine-specific accumulation of heparan sulfate, hippocampal neurons at 30 DIV were stained with pAbs to syndecan-2 and syndecan-4 (Kim et al. (nih.gov)
- proteoglycans
- Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are alternating copolymers of a hexosamine and an aldouronic acid which are found in sulfated forms and are synthesized as proteoglycans. (google.com)
- Glycosaminoglycans
- Duffy binding-like-1-GST) was found to adhere directly to normal erythrocytes, disrupt naturally formed rosettes, block rosette reformation, and bind to a heparin-Sepharose matrix.The adhesive interactions could be inhibited with heparan sulfate or enzymes that remove heparan sulfate from the cell surface whereas other enzymes or similar glycosaminoglycans of a like negative charge did not affect the binding. (nih.gov)
- The adhesive interactions could be inhibited with heparan sulfate or enzymes that remove heparan sulfate from the cell surface whereas other enzymes or similar glycosaminoglycans of a like negative charge did not affect the binding. (nih.gov)
- Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are polysaccharides that contain repeating disaccharides and sulfate groups. (wikipedia.org)
- Using specific glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes in spectrophotometric assays and PEDF-affinity chromatography, we detected heparin and heparan sulfate-like glycosaminoglycans in the Y-79 conditioned media, which had binding affinity for PEDF. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, enzymatic and chemical depletion of sulfated glycosaminoglycans from the Y-79 cell cultures by heparitinase and chlorate treatments decreased the degree of 125 I-PEDF binding to cell-surface receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
- heparin and heparan
- Here, we identify the activating ligand of the hybrid two-component system, BT4663, which controls heparin and heparan sulfate acquisition and degradation in this prominent gut microbe, and report the crystal structure of the extracellular sensor domain in both apo and ligand-bound forms. (biomedsearch.com)
- heparan sulphate
- Differential glycosylation generates still further variability, yielding both N- and O-glycan-modified forms of CD44 in addition to proteoglycan-like variants containing chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate. (ox.ac.uk)
- We show that both chondroitin and heparan sulphate modifications are associated specifically with isoforms (CD44v3-10 and CD44v3,8-10) containing the v3 alternative exon which encodes a consensus motif SGXG for GAG addition. (ox.ac.uk)
- polysaccharides
- In particular aspects, this invention relates to the use of chaotropic compositions, such as guanidine hydrochloride or guanidinium isothiocyanate, in combination with polyanionic compositions, such as those containing sulfated polysaccharides (i.e., heparin or heparitin sulfate), for the isolation of nucleic acids (RNA or DNA). (freepatentsonline.com)
- Molecular
- 6. The method according to claim 1 or claim 5 wherein said dextran sulfate has a molecular weight between 500 and 2,000,000. (google.es)
- synapsin
- Confocal microscopy revealed close apposition of cell surface heparan sulfate and synapsin I immunoreactivities (Fig. 2, A-E). Frequently they showed partial, but not complete, overlap (Fig. 2, B and C). This staining pattern suggests that cell surface heparan sulfate is associated with the synaptic junctions of cultured hippocampal neurons. (nih.gov)
- enzymology
- Noll, et al, "The Use of Sodium and Lithium Dodecyl Sulfate in Nucleic Acid Isolation", Methods in Enzymology, vol. (freepatentsonline.com)
- In enzymology, a glucuronate-2-sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction of cleaving off the 2-sulfate groups of the 2-O-sulfo-D-glucuronate residues of chondroitin sulfate, heparin and heparitin sulfate. (wikipedia.org)
- enzyme
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is heparin-sulfate lyase. (wikipedia.org)
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- heparitinase
- Other names in common use include heparin-sulfate eliminase, heparitin-sulfate lyase, heparitinase I, and heparitinase II. (wikipedia.org)
- receptor
- PfEMP1 is suggested to be the rosetting ligand and heparan sulfate, or a heparan sulfate-like molecule, the receptor both for PfEMP1 binding and naturally formed erythrocyte rosettes. (nih.gov)
- These data indicate that retinoblastoma cells secrete heparin/heparan sulfate with binding affinity for PEDF, which may be important in efficient cell-surface receptor binding. (biomedcentral.com)
- PEDF also has binding affinity for GAGs, such as, heparin, heparin- and chondroitin-sulfates, but this affinity is ~1000-fold lower than for the receptor (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
- Biological
- Heparan sulfate (HS) chains play crucial biological roles by binding to various signaling molecules including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). (nih.gov)
- cells
- A glycosaminoglycoside (GAG) composition predominantly of tetrasacchardie units derived from heparin/heparan sulfate has enchanced activity in preventing the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. (google.com)
- This staining was not seen in the case of immunolabeling of live cells (Fig. 2 D), suggesting that some heparan sulfates are associated with intracellular compartments. (nih.gov)
- enzymes
- It is caused by a deficiency in one of the enzymes needed to break down the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (which is found in the extra-cellular matrix and on cell surface glycoproteins). (wikipedia.org)
- Although undegraded heparan sulfate is the primary stored substrate, glycolipids such as gangliosides are also stored despite no genetic defect in the enzymes associated with their breakdown. (wikipedia.org)
- cell
- Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-2 induces the maturation of dendritic spines in rat hippocampal neurons. (nih.gov)
- We demonstrate that the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-2 plays a critical role in spine development.Deletion of the COOH-terminal EFYA motif of syndecan-2, the binding site for PDZ domain proteins, abrogates the spine-promoting activity of syndecan-2.Our results indicate that syndecan-2 plays a direct role in the development of postsynaptic specialization through its interactions with PDZ domain proteins. (nih.gov)
- We demonstrate that the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-2 plays a critical role in spine development. (nih.gov)
- Cell surface heparan sulfate immunoreactivity is detected on the cell bodies and along dendrites of the pyramidal neurons. (nih.gov)
- D and E) High-power confocal image shows cell surface heparan sulfate immunoreactivity (yellow) as a puncta on the surface of MAP2-positive dendrites (red), in patterns and shapes reminiscent of dendritic spines. (nih.gov)
- Double staining for heparan sulfate and either MAP2, a dendritic marker (Fig. 3, A-E), or NCAM (Fig. 3, F-H) further demonstrated a punctate distribution of cell surface heparan sulfate along the dendrites of hippocampal neurons. (nih.gov)
- indicate
- The adhesion could be competed out in a dose dependent manner with heparin or heparan sulfate but not with chondroitin sulfate, another negatively charged erythrocyte surface expressed GAG (Fig. 3 C). Taken together, these indicate that the binding of DBL-1 to heparan sulfate is dependent on structure and not merely ionic interactions between the two molecules. (nih.gov)
- Double
- Bar, 20 μm in A and 10 μm in D and E. (F-H) Double immunostaining of 30 DIV hippocampal neurons with anti-NCAM (red) and anti-heparan sulfate 10E4 (green) antibodies. (nih.gov)
- Double labeling of methanol-fixed 30 DIV hippocampal neurons with antibodies to heparan sulfate and PSD-95 further confirmed the synaptic localization of heparan sulfate. (nih.gov)
- similar
- On the other hand, syndecan-2 is expressed in neurons in a time course and a pattern similar to those of heparan sulfate immunoreactivity. (nih.gov)
- responsible
- 1998). These observations further support our finding that syndecan-2 is one of the HSPGs responsible for the spine-specific accumulation of heparan sulfate on mature hippocampal neurons in vitro, though a contribution by unknown HSPGs has not been ruled out. (nih.gov)