NTHiUnencapsulated strainsVaccineInfectionIsolatesBacterialNontypeable Haemophilus influenzaePolysaccharideEpidemiologyOrganismVaccinesCapsularBacteriumRespiratoryInfluenza infectionsAbstractStrainPathogenSerotypePathogenicKW20CapsuleProteinsVirulenceSpeciesSusceptibilityGram-negativeLehmannAdultsCerebrospinal fluidDiseasePrevalenceGenesSurveillanceHemophilusCloningAmpicillinAntibioticMeningitis
NTHi15
- Haemophilus influenzae is an extracellular bacterium the near-elimination of invasive disease caused by Hib, the that commonly colonizes the upper respiratory tract number of recorded invasive NTHi cases increased almost of healthy humans, who are the bacterium's only known 6-fold during the past 2 decades, from 20 in 1992 to 115 natural reservoir. (cdc.gov)
- Hib was termed nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi). (cdc.gov)
- Some H influenzae strains have no capsule and are termed nonencapsulated H influenzae or nontypeable H influenzae (NTHi). (medscape.com)
- Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) may play a role as an infectious trigger in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (nih.gov)
- In our proposed project, you would investigate expression regulation in clinically significant bacterium non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). (lu.se)
- Currently, non-encapsulated H. influenzae , also called non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi), is responsible for the majority of cases of otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia in patients that have already been immunized with the vaccine. (statpearls.com)
- They can also help to differentiate true NTHi from Haemophilus haemolyticus and from those H. influenzae strains that possess a complete or partial capsule focus. (statpearls.com)
- The majority of invasive H. influenzae disease is now caused by non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) in all age groups in the US. (statpearls.com)
- Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major cause of opportunistic respiratory tract disease, and initiates infection by colonizing the nasopharynx. (qub.ac.uk)
- The widespread administration of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine has led to the predominance of non-typable H. influenzae (NTHi). (biomedcentral.com)
- In Japan, a recent nationwide population-based surveillance study revealed that NTHi and H. influenzae type f became the predominant isolates associated with invasive H. influenzae infection after the introduction of the Hib vaccine [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- While previous reports have established the urogenital tract as a potential cause of invasive H. influenzae infection, no reports have described a specific association of NTHi infection with adenomyoma. (biomedcentral.com)
- The ability of unencapsulated (nontypeable) Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) to cause systemic disease in healthy children has been recognized only in the past decade. (ox.ac.uk)
- CONCLUSION: Non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi), mostly derived from pneumonia and AOM, were genetically diverse, in contrast to the predominance of H. influenzae type b (Hib) among meningitis cases. (elsevierpure.com)
- Airways inflammation in type-2 low asthma or COPD is potentially driven by persistent bacterial colonization of the lower airways by bacteria such as non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). (ox.ac.uk)
Unencapsulated strains1
- In 1930, two major categories of H. influenzae were defined: the unencapsulated strains and the encapsulated strains. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccine15
- Prior to the availability of an effective vaccine, H influenzae type b (Hib) was the most common cause of pediatric bacterial meningitis in the United States. (medscape.com)
- The incidence of severe Haemophilus influenza infections, However, the H. influenzae type b vaccine fails to protect such as sepsis and meningitis, has declined substantially against nontypeable H. influenzae strains, which have be- since the introduction of the H. influenzae serotype b vaccine. (cdc.gov)
- These recommendations include information on use of two vaccines recently licensed for use with infants: Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (Diphtheria CRM 197 Protein Conjugate) (HbOC), manufactured by Praxis Biologics, Inc., and Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (Meningococcal Protein Conjugate) (PRP-OMP), manufactured by Merck Sharp and Dohme, newly licensed for use with infants. (cdc.gov)
- At present three different Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines are licensed for use with older children -- HbOC, PRP-OMP, and Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate, Connaught Laboratories, Inc.) (PRP-D). As noted above, two of these vaccines, HbOC and PRP-OMP, have recently been licensed for use with 2-month-olds. (cdc.gov)
- The recommended form of prevention of the type b form of H. influenzae is a series of the Hib vaccine and boosters, which are most often given under the age of 5, and sometimes in conjunction with other vaccines in the form of the DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
- Pentacel, DTaP/ IPV/ Hib (diphtheria & tetanus toxoids/ acellular pertussis vaccine/poliovirus vaccine inactivated/haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. (medscape.com)
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, click here . (wikidoc.org)
- Hib vaccine can prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease . (healthychildren.org)
- A hypothesis testing case-control study evaluated automated medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) for organic Hg exposure from Thimerosal in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-containing vaccines administered at specific times within the first 15 months of life among subjects diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) ( n = 534) in comparison to controls. (springer.com)
- The vaccine scheduler table summarizes the current vaccination schedule for young children, adolescents, and adults for Haemophilus influenzae. (who.int)
- The Alaska Haemophilus influenzae type b experience: lessons in controlling a vaccine-preventable disease. (medscape.com)
- Children are routinely given a vaccine that effectively prevents infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. (msdmanuals.com)
- 2) to analyze the cost-effectiveness of the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine in Vietnam from the societal perspective, including a preliminary assessment of the impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. (tmc.edu)
- As of December 2014, all countries in AFRO have educated and higher introduced hepatitis B vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. (who.int)
- The rapid and unequivocal capsular typing method that is described will be particularly important for typing invasive H. influenzae strains isolated from recipients of H. influenzae type b vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
Infection21
- Haemophilus influenzae disease is a name for any infection caused by bacteria called H. influenzae . (cdc.gov)
- First isolated in 1892 by Robert Pfeiffer from the sputum of patients with pandemic influenza infection, H influenzae was thought to be the infectious agent responsible for flu. (medscape.com)
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is bacteria that commonly causes bacterial meningitis and pneumonia and is the leading cause of other invasive diseases, such as septic arthritis (joint infection), epiglottitis (infection and swelling of the epiglottis) and cellulites (rapidly progressing skin infection which usually involves the face, head, or neck). (who.int)
- H.influenzae is a gram-negative , cocco-bacillary , facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium that can cause infections in people of all ages ranging from mild, such as an ear infection, to severe, such as a bloodstream infection. (wikidoc.org)
- Haemophilus influenzae may make any one of six chemically distinct capsular polysaccharides, but only strains of capsular serotype b commonly cause systemic infection (e.g., meningitis) in humans. (jci.org)
- Using a well-characterized rat model of H. influenzae systemic infection, we showed that type b transformants elicited by the cloned DNA were pathogenic, causing bacteremia and meningitis, whereas the untransformed capsule-deficient H. influenzae organisms were not. (jci.org)
- Mutation of lgtC resulted in attenuated virulence of H. influenzae in an infant rat model of invasive infection. (jcvi.org)
- Haemophilus influenzae type a infection and its prevention. (medscape.com)
- Chancroid Chancroid is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Haemophilus ducreyi , which causes painful genital sores. (msdmanuals.com)
- Nosocomial spread of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection documented by outer membrane protein subtype analysis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Experimental combined viral and bacterial infection (influenza C and Hemophilus influenzae type b) in embryonated eggs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- A study of the population dynamics of strains of Hemophilus influenzae type b in combined infection with influenza C virus in embryonated eggs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- A comparative study of the virulence of smooth, rough and respiratory strains of Haemophilus influenzae as determined by infection of mice with mucin suspensions of the organisms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Describe the typical patient presentation as revealed in their history and examination with Haemophilus influenza infection. (statpearls.com)
- Review the interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to enhance the care of patients with Haemophilus influenzae infection. (statpearls.com)
- Haemophilus influenzae disease is a name collectively used for any kind of infection caused by the bacteria called Haemophilus influenzae . (statpearls.com)
- Detection of H. influenzae from these materials must be notified according to the German Infection Protection Act (IfSG). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Although H. influenzae type b (Hib) is a notoriously virulent serotype of this species [ 4 ], the introduction of routine conjugate Hib vaccination led to a decrease in the number of cases of Hib infection [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is one of the leading causes of invasive bacterial infection in young children worldwide. (ox.ac.uk)
- We identified 481 adults hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection by H. influenzae, bacteremic and non-bacteremic. (lu.se)
- Haemophilus influenzae, expressing cell-surface adhesins including N-Glc, to establish a connection between H. influenzae infection and MS. We exploited the biosynthetic machinery from the opportunistic pathogen H. influenzae (and the homologous enzymes from A. pleuropneumoniae) to produce a unique set of defined glucosylated adhesin proteins. (unifi.it)
Isolates8
- Some isolates of H. Influenzae have contained modified PBPs that resist beta-lactam action by producing beta-lactamases. (wikipedia.org)
- A 4.4-kb EcoRI fragment, common to both DNA clones, was used to characterize clinical isolates representing all six encapsulated serotypes as well as several capsule-deficient H. influenzae by Southern hybridization analysis. (jci.org)
- Capsule gene analysis of invasive Haemophilus influenzae: accuracy of serotyping and prevalence of IS1016 among nontypeable isolates. (medscape.com)
- In this study, we focused on the ompP5 and hap genes, present in all H. influenzae genome sequenced isolates, and encoding the P5 and Hap surface proteins, respectively. (qub.ac.uk)
- The tasks of the National Reference Laboratory for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae (NRZMHi) assigned by the Robert Koch Institute for the surveillance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease include serotyping of clinical isolates from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the detection of antibiotic resistance against ß-lactam antibiotics. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Ampicillin resistance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolates in Germany 2009-2012. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- The aim of this study was to characterize circulating isolates of H. influenzae genotypically by BLNAR-PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and to determine any associations between them. (elsevierpure.com)
- METHODS: H. influenzae isolates (n=191) were collected from paediatric patients (1 month to 12 years old) between 2000 and 2011 for three types of infections: pneumonia (n=61), acute otitis media (AOM) (n=68) and meningitis (n=62). (elsevierpure.com)
Bacterial8
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the leading cause of invasive bacterial disease among children in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Report, Emerging Infections Program Network Haemophilus Influenzae, 2006. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial antigens cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Typical bacterial pathogens that cause CAP include Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
- The term "typical" CAP refers to a bacterial pneumonia caused by pathogens such as S pneumoniae , H influenzae , and M catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
- Haemophilus influenzae type b ( Hib ) is a leading cause of childhood bacterial meningitis , pneumonia , and other serious infections . (bvsalud.org)
- Hap involvement in NTHi375-host interaction was shown to be limited, despite promoting bacterial cell adhesion when expressed in H. influenzae RdKW20. (qub.ac.uk)
- The strains were evaluated for the presence of several genetic loci that affect bacterial surface structures and for biochemical reactions that are known to differ among H. influenzae strains. (ox.ac.uk)
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae2
- Streptococcus pneumoniae , nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most commonly isolated middle-ear pathogens. (medscape.com)
- Characterization of genetic and phenotypic diversity of invasive nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. (ox.ac.uk)
Polysaccharide4
- A major virulence factor of H influenzae is its polysaccharide capsule, which plays a central role in molecular pathogenesis and the immune response. (medscape.com)
- Ninety-five percent of the cases of invasive H. influenzae disease among children less than 5 years of age are caused by organisms with the type b polysaccharide capsule. (cdc.gov)
- Some types of H. influenzae contain a polysaccharide capsule around the outer membrane to aid in protection and colonization. (wikipedia.org)
- Some of H. influenzae have a polysaccharide capsule depending upon which they are classified into 6 distinct groups designated as serotypes a, b, c, d, e, and f. (statpearls.com)
Epidemiology3
- These studies provide a basis for pursuing the molecular analysis of the epidemiology and virulence of pathogenic H. influenzae. (jci.org)
- Current epidemiology and trends in invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease--United States, 1989-2008. (medscape.com)
- In Sell S. H. , Wright P. F. (eds) Haemophilus influenzae: epidemiology, immunology and prevention of disease. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Organism3
- In 1920, the organism was named Haemophilus influenzae (from the Greek haemophilus, meaning "blood-loving") to reflect the fastidious growth requirement of the organism, as well as its apparent association with influenza. (medscape.com)
- For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Haemophilus influenzae . (wikidoc.org)
- The significance of this remarkable osmotic stability of haemophilus L forms is discussed in relation both to testing of sensitivity of this organism to penicillins and to persistence of chronic haemophilus infections of the lower respiratory tract. (bmj.com)
Vaccines5
- This statement also updates recommendations for use of these and other Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines with older children and adults. (cdc.gov)
- Three Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines are currently licensed for administration to children greater than or equal to 15 months of age in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- This statement a) summarizes available information about Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines, b) offers guidelines for use of HbOC and PRP-OMP for infants for prevention of Hib disease, and c) advises how to use conjugate vaccines for older children. (cdc.gov)
- Conjugate vaccines and the carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b. (cdc.gov)
- Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
Capsular7
- the other capsular Haemophilus serotypes are composed of hexose rather than pentose sugars. (medscape.com)
- Identification and quantitation of capsular antigen in capsulated and noncapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b by crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Characterization of the capsular antigen isolated from Haemophilus influenzae type b and two spontaneous noncapsulated mutants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- PCR for capsular typing of Haemophilus influenzae. (ox.ac.uk)
- A PCR method for the unequivocal assignment of Haemophilus influenzae capsular type (types a to f) was developed. (ox.ac.uk)
- A total of 172 H. influenzae strains of known capsular type (determined genetically) comprising all capsular types and noncapsulate strains were tested by PCR capsular typing. (ox.ac.uk)
- PCR capsular typing overcomes the problems of cross-reaction and autoagglutination associated with the serotyping of H. influenzae strains. (ox.ac.uk)
Bacterium5
- Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic, capnophilic pathogenic bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- H. Influenzae is a small Gram-negative bacterium, approximately 0.3 micrometer to 1 micrometer. (wikipedia.org)
- The cell wall of H. influenzae bacterium contains various proteins, referred to as autotransporters, for adherence and colony formation. (wikipedia.org)
- Haemophilus influenza infections are caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenza . (wikidoc.org)
- There is consensus that definitive therapy for infections with H. influenzae should include antimicrobial agents with clinical breakpoints against the bacterium. (lu.se)
Respiratory5
- 2022 ) Protein domain-dependent vesiculation of Lipoprotein A, a protein that is important in cell wall synthesis and fitness of the human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae . (lu.se)
- The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients given benzylpenicillin with patients given wide-spectrum beta-lactams (WSBL) as empirical treatment of lower respiratory tract H. influenzae infections requiring hospital care. (lu.se)
- In conclusion, despite early clinical response rates being slightly lower for benzylpenicillin compared to WSBL, we found no support for increased mortality or readmission rates in patients empirically treated with benzylpenicillin for lower respiratory tract infections by H. influenzae. (lu.se)
- PURPOSE: β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) Haemophilus influenzae is frequently isolated from respiratory samples and is particularly problematic in Japan. (elsevierpure.com)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with COPD using molecular method.Methods: A total of 100 samples of respiratory secretion were collected from patients with COPD. (ac.ir)
Influenza infections2
- Identify the pathophysiology of Haemophilus influenza infections. (statpearls.com)
- Summarize the treatment considerationsfor Haemophilus influenza infections. (statpearls.com)
Abstract1
- abstract = "We describe a 46-year-old splenectomized patient who died of Haemophilus Influenzae septicemia 16 h following bronchoscopy. (huji.ac.il)
Strain6
- Because the entire genome of a laboratory strain of H influenzae has been sequenced, additional insights into its molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis will undoubtedly be gained in the near future. (medscape.com)
- The most virulent strain is H influenzae type b (Hib). (medscape.com)
- A virulent H. influenzae type b strain was used to construct a lambda library of chromosomal DNA in Charon 4. (jci.org)
- The whole genome sequence (1.83 Mbp) of Haemophilus influenzae strain Rd was searched to identify tandem oligonucleotide repeat sequences. (jcvi.org)
- The non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain DH1 was isolated from a 25 year old male patient with Fisher syndrome, a postinfectious autoimmune condition characterized by the presence of anti-GQ1b IgG antibodies that target and initiate damage to peripheral nerves. (diva-portal.org)
- Lâm TT, Elias J, Frosch M, Vogel U, Claus H. New diagnostic PCR for Haemophilus influenzae serotype e based on the cap locus of strain ATCC 8142. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Pathogen1
- Although the type of infectious diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae has changed considerably in recent years because of the widespread and routine immunization of children against type b organisms, H influenzae remains a significant pathogen. (medscape.com)
Serotype3
- Invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b ten years after routine vaccination, South Africa, 2003-2009. (medscape.com)
- Haemophilus Influenzae serotype b (Hib) disease. (medscape.com)
- Lâm TT, Frosch M, Claus H, Vogel U. Sequence analysis of the serotype-specific synthesis regions II of Haemophilus influenzae serotypes c and d: evidence for common ancestry of capsule synthesis in Pasteurellaceae and Neisseria meningitidis . (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Pathogenic1
KW201
- The crystal structure of the prephenate dehydrogenase component (HinfPDH) of the TyrA protein from H. influenzae Rd KW20 in complex with the inhibitor tyrosine and cofactor NAD(+) has been determined to 2.0 Å resolution. (rcsb.org)
Capsule3
- H. Influenzae type b, also known as Hib, is the most common form, recognizable by its polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule, and found mostly in children. (wikipedia.org)
- Molecular cloning of DNA was used to investigate the expression of type b capsule and its association with H. influenzae virulence. (jci.org)
- Analysis of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in invasive disease reveals lack of the capsule locus. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Proteins1
- A minority of non-typeable, or unencapsulated, H. influenzae employ a variety of attachment techniques, such as pili, adhesins, or Hia and Hap proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Virulence2
- H influenzae encodes 3 distinct immunoglobulin A (IgA) proteases that may be involved as virulence factors by interfering with host mucosal defenses. (medscape.com)
- DNA repeats identify novel virulence genes in Haemophilus influenzae. (jcvi.org)
Species3
- The H. influenzae species is subdivided in 2013 (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
- Many species of Haemophilus normally reside in the upper airways of children and adults and rarely cause disease. (msdmanuals.com)
- The species responsible for the most infections is Haemophilus influenzae . (msdmanuals.com)
Susceptibility1
- Phenotypic and genetic variation in the susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae type b to antibodies to somatic antigens. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Gram-negative4
- Like other Gram-negative bacteria, H. influenzae has a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide. (wikipedia.org)
- Haemophilus influenzae is a small (1 µm × 0.3 µm), pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacillus. (medscape.com)
- Haemophilus influenzae is a bacteria characterized as a small, facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic, and capnophilic gram-negative coccobacillus of the family Pasteurellaceae. (statpearls.com)
- Haemophilus influenzae is characterized as a small (0.3 micrometer to 1 micrometer), facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic, and capnophilic gram-negative coccobacillus of the family Pasteurellaceae . (statpearls.com)
Lehmann1
- Haemophilus influenzae (Lehmann and Neumann) Winslow et al. (atcc.org)
Adults3
- Haemophilus influenzae can cause infections in children and sometimes in adults. (msdmanuals.com)
- Bacteremic Haemophilus influenzae genitourinary tract infections in adults. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Elizabeth Briere] Haemophilus influenza, or Hi, are bacteria that can cause a variety of infections in children and adults. (cdc.gov)
Cerebrospinal fluid1
- Haemophilus influenzae in cultures of cerebrospinal fluid. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Disease3
- The incubation period (time between exposure and first symptoms) of H. influenzae disease is not certain but could be as short as 7 days. (wikidoc.org)
- Burden of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children younger than 5 years: global estimates. (medscape.com)
- The continuing role of Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage surveillance as a mechanism for early detection of invasive disease activity. (medscape.com)
Prevalence1
- Interestingly, the incidence and prevalence of H.influenzae are higher among Alaska native children (incidence rate: 5.4 per 100,000) as compared to other races despite Hib immunization. (statpearls.com)
Genes1
- When present, the infA-ksgA island contains lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes, either lic2B and lic2C or homologs of the losA and losB genes described for Haemophilus ducreyi. (ox.ac.uk)
Surveillance1
- This document contains the surveillance case definition for haemophilus influenzae type b, which is nationally notifiable within Australia. (health.gov.au)
Hemophilus1
- Treatment of type-specific Hemophilus influenzae infections in infancy and childhood. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cloning1
- Cloning of chromosomal DNA from Haemophilus influenzae. (jci.org)
Ampicillin1
- Beta-lactamase emergence in the 1970s caused the therapy for severe cases of H. influenzae to be changed from ampicillin to cephalosporins, however further resistance to cephalosporins has occurred due to changes in the transpeptidase domain of penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). (wikipedia.org)
Antibiotic1
- The sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae to penicillins in vitro, determined either by serial antibiotic dilution in broth or by the disc method on agar, is apparently profoundly influenced by inoculum size if the results are read by macroscopic inspection. (bmj.com)
Meningitis2
- H. influenzae is responsible for a wide range of localized and invasive infections, typically in infants and children, including pneumonia, meningitis, or bloodstream infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Polymyxin B has been used to treat urinary tract infections and meningitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae , respectively. (wikipedia.org)