MetabolismMolar ratioEsters of glycerolCrudePhenylbutyrateFattyContains glycerolKinase DeficiencyDehydrogenaseSynthesisGlycerineMixturesBackboneEnzymePathwayMetabolic processGeneCarbonateBlood and urineRatioEthersHumectantPhosphoricHygroscopicAgarUrineByproductAcuteDoseGlucoseEthanolConcentrationsHydrationMildBiodieselCitricLiquidDrugsAmountsEnduranceDifferencesWater
Metabolism8
- 1. The metabolism of glycerol by isolated rat-kidney tubules was investigated. (portlandpress.com)
- Lactobacillus reuteri, a heterofermentative bacterium, metabolizes glycerol via a Pdu (propanediol-utilization) pathway involving dehydration to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) followed by reduction to 1,3-propandiol (1,3-PDO) with concomitant generation of an oxidized cofactor, NAD+ that is utilized to maintain cofactor balance required for glucose metabolism and even for oxidation of 3-HPA by a Pdu oxidative branch to 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP). (lu.se)
- Notably, it was demonstrated that PduQ is more active in generating NAD+ during glycerol metabolism within the microcompartment by resting cells, while ADH7 functions to balance NAD+/NADH by converting 3-HPA to 1,3-PDO outside the microcompartment in the growing cells. (lu.se)
- Elimination Metabolism Upon oral administration, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze RAVICTI (i.e., glycerol phenylbutyrate), and release PBA. (clustermed.info)
- Overview of Fatty Acid and Glycerol Metabolism Disorders Fatty acids are the preferred energy source for the heart and an important energy source for skeletal muscle during prolonged exertion. (msdmanuals.com)
- Symptoms of glycerol metabolism disorders begin at any age and are usually accompanied by acidosis, hypoglycemia, and elevated blood and urine levels of glycerol. (msdmanuals.com)
- Diagnosis of glycerol metabolism disorders is by detecting an elevated level of glycerol in serum and urine and is confirmed by DNA analysis. (msdmanuals.com)
- Glycerol metabolism disorder treatment is with a low-fat diet, but glucocorticoid replacement is critical for patients with adrenal hypoplasia. (msdmanuals.com)
Molar ratio2
- A specific experiment is reported, starting from an initial volume of 4 mL of liquid mixture methanol + glycerol (methanol/glycerol molar ratio 30), where, with a stepwise addition of CO2, diverse fluid phase phenomena were detected, such as VLE, Critical Point, VLLE, VLLLE, LLE and LE. (aston.ac.uk)
- Under an optimum glycerol-to-DBT molar ratio, the DBT biodegradation rate constants increased up to 18-fold and enhanced DBT biodegradation by 25%-30% at day 1 relative to cultivation with DBT alone. (cdc.gov)
Esters of glycerol1
- Glycerol is generally obtained from plant and animal sources where it occurs in triglycerides, esters of glycerol with long-chain carboxylic acids. (wikipedia.org)
Crude3
- Glycerol from triglycerides is produced on a large scale, but the crude product is of variable quality, with a low selling price of as low as US$0.02-0.05 per kilogram in 2011. (wikipedia.org)
- Crude glycerol from the hydrolysis of triglycerides can be purified by treatment with activated carbon to remove organic impurities, alkali to remove unreacted glycerol esters, and ion exchange to remove salts. (wikipedia.org)
- Both biocatalytic models were successfully used to prepare GlyC from "crude" glycerol collected directly from the biodiesel process (e.g. 49% Gly conversion with 91% GlyC selectivity for EIMP and 70% Gly conversion with 80% GlyC selectivity for CLEMPA). (degruyter.com)
Phenylbutyrate8
- Glycerol phenylbutyrate is used together with a proper diet and supplements to lower high levels of ammonia in the blood caused by urea cycle disorders. (mayoclinic.org)
- Glycerol Phenylbutyrate Oral Liquid is also known as Ravicti. (clustermed.info)
- What's The Definition Of The Medical Condition Glycerol Phenylbutyrate Oral Liquid? (clustermed.info)
- In healthy subjects, intact glycerol phenylbutyrate was detected in plasma. (clustermed.info)
- While the study was inconclusive, the incomplete hydrolysis of glycerol phenylbutyrate cannot be ruled out. (clustermed.info)
- Intact glycerol phenylbutyrate was not detectable in plasma in patients with UCDs. (clustermed.info)
- Glycerol phenylbutyrate efficacy and safety from an open label study in pediatric patients under 2 months of age with urea cycle disorders. (bvsalud.org)
- Glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) is safe and effective in reducing ammonia levels in patients with UCD above 2 months of age. (bvsalud.org)
Fatty4
- The hydrolysis, saponification, or transesterification of these triglycerides produces glycerol as well as the fatty acid derivative: Triglyceride 3 NaOH / H2O Δ 3 × soap 3 × glycerol Triglycerides can be saponified with sodium hydroxide to give glycerol and fatty sodium salt or soap. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring fatty acid widely utilized in food, cosmetics, and homeopathic supplements. (nature.com)
- There has been growing interest in the potential for converting glycerol-a relatively large (about 10 wt %) byproduct of the conventional production of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters)-into solketal (2,2-dimethyl 1,3-dioxalane-4-methanol) for use as an oxygenated fuel additive or diesel combustion promoter. (greencarcongress.com)
- The metabolites of note included small fatty acids such as decanoic and octanoic acid, amino acids such as serine and 1H-indole-3-acetic acid, and sugar derivatives such as glycerol. (medscape.com)
Contains glycerol2
- The formulation contains glycerol at 18% (w/w) which lowers the water activity (aW) from 0.999 to 0.95. (thermofisher.com)
- It also contains glycerol or propylene glycol (PEG), which looks like smoke when you exhale. (medlineplus.gov)
Kinase Deficiency4
- Glycerol Kinase Deficiency occurs when the glycerol kinase gene which is found on the locus Xp21 of the X chromosome, is deleted or mutated (changed). (metabolicsupportuk.org)
- When someone suffers from glycerol kinase deficiency, many of the glycerol molecules that are released into the bloodstream do not get converted to DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) like they should be because there is not enough of the enzyme to catalyse (cause or accelerate a reaction) all the reactions that are meant to occur. (metabolicsupportuk.org)
- Glycerol Kinase Deficiency is an inherited condition. (metabolicsupportuk.org)
- Thus, patients with glycerol kinase deficiency may have one or more of these disease entities. (msdmanuals.com)
Dehydrogenase3
- Predicted to be part of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex. (nih.gov)
- Orthologous to human GPD2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2). (nih.gov)
- Glycerol 3-phospate may then be converted by dehydrogenation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (hmdb.ca)
Synthesis4
- Chlorine-free processes from propylene include the synthesis of glycerol from acrolein and propylene oxide. (wikipedia.org)
- The synthesis, reactivity and applications of glycerol carbonate (glycerine carbonate or 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane ) are discussed and reviewed. (rsc.org)
- A kinetic model of the glycerol synthesis pathway has been constructed. (fairdomhub.org)
- The studies indicated that glycerol enhances DBT biodegradation via increased RL synthesis and bacterial growth. (cdc.gov)
Glycerine2
- Glycerol (/ˈɡlɪsərɒl/), also called glycerine or glycerin, is a simple triol compound. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycerol Gelatin or glycerine jelly medium is an aqueous slide mounting media, used for mounting samples in microscopy and histology. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Mixtures3
- Similar experiments were conducted involving the same device for injection of 100%, 50% and 25% glycerol-water mixtures with trace amounts of rhodamine. (spie.org)
- Vapour-liquid equilibrium of CO(2) + [0.00871 glycerol + 0.99129 (ethanol or 1-propanol or 1-butanol)] mixtures was measured at the temperatures of 313.15 K and 333.15 K, and close to the critical line, at pressures up to 12 MPa. (unl.pt)
- On the liquid side, the bubble points measured for these ternary mixtures follow closely the behaviour of VLE reported by several authors for the corresponding binary mixtures without glycerol. (unl.pt)
Backbone3
- The glycerol backbone is found in lipids known as glycerides. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced from glycerol, the triose sugar backbone of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, by the enzyme glycerol kinase. (hmdb.ca)
- Upon oral ingestion, PBA is released from the glycerol backbone in the gastrointestinal tract by lipases. (clustermed.info)
Enzyme1
- The biocatalysts were prepared using lipase enzyme from Aspergillus niger for catalyzing the glycerol (Gly) conversion to glycerol carbonate (GlyC). (degruyter.com)
Pathway5
- Glycerol has a caloric density similar to table sugar, but a lower glycemic index and different metabolic pathway within the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycerol 3-phosphate is a chemical intermediate in the glycolysis metabolic pathway. (hmdb.ca)
- The Pdu pathway is operative inside Pdu microcompartment that encapsulates different enzymes and cofactors involved in metabolizing glycerol or 1,2-propanediol, and protects the cells from the toxic effect of the aldehyde intermediate. (lu.se)
- fumigatus and high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway MAPK mutants upon cell wall damage. (bath.ac.uk)
- This investigation aims to gain a clearer understanding of and to quantify the extent to which parameters of the pathway affect glycerol flux in S. cerevisiae. (fairdomhub.org)
Metabolic process1
- Predicted to be involved in glycerol catabolic process and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process. (nih.gov)
Gene1
- many patients with this deficiency also have a chromosomal deletion that extends beyond the glycerol kinase gene into the contiguous gene region, which contains the genes for congenital adrenal hypoplasia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (msdmanuals.com)
Carbonate1
- Supported by the increasing sustainable awareness, glycerol carbonate has gained much interest over the last 20 years because of its versatile reactivity and as a way to valorize waste glycerol . (rsc.org)
Blood and urine1
- GKD is diagnosed through specialised blood and urine tests to find the amount of glycerol present. (metabolicsupportuk.org)
Ratio1
- Directly after glycerol administration, δ13C-values were similar to the isotope ratio of the administered glycerol. (wada-ama.org)
Ethers1
- In a paper in the journal Fuel , they report a continuous, one-step process for the quantitative conversion of glycerol into a mixture of ethers under mild conditions (atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 40-70 °C) over a zeolite BEA catalyst. (greencarcongress.com)
Humectant1
- The observed effects were based on the modulation of barrier repair and were not biased by the humectant effect of glycerol. (nih.gov)
Phosphoric1
- The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol. (mcw.edu)
Hygroscopic2
- Because of its three hydroxyl groups, glycerol is miscible with water and is hygroscopic in nature. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycerol alters the hygroscopic property of gelatin and its permeability to water vapour. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Agar2
- Isolate and enumerate yeasts and molds associated with food spoilage with Thermo Scientific™ Oxoid™ Dichloran-Glycerol 18% (DG18) (ISO) Agar Base while adhering to BS ISO 21527-2:2008. (thermofisher.com)
- Use Dichloran-Glycerol 18% (DG18) (ISO) Agar Base for the enumeration and isolation of xenophilic molds from dried and semi-dried foods like spices, dried fruits, confectionery, cereals, nuts, dried meat, and fish products. (thermofisher.com)
Urine2
- Exogenously administered glycerol is excreted in the urine so that the detection of the misuse of glycerol is possible in theory. (wada-ama.org)
- Further, a suitable IRMS-method was developed to measure δ13C-values of glycerol in urine. (wada-ama.org)
Byproduct1
- It was projected in 2006 that by 2020, production would be six times more than demand, creating an excess of glycerol as a byproduct of biofuel production. (wikipedia.org)
Acute1
- 4. The results are discussed in relation to the observation that indomethacin increases the severity of glycerol-induced acute renal failure. (portlandpress.com)
Dose2
- Switch Nutrition uses GlycerPump® 65% Glycerol Powder, delivering a 3000mg dose that can improve your overall performance. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
- In order to contribute to the development of urinary threshold levels for the misuse of glycerol, two placebo-controlled application studies (glycerol dose: 1 g/kg body weight) were performed at rest and in combination with exercise. (wada-ama.org)
Glucose1
- 2. Indomethacin, at a concentration of 0.1 mmol/l, markedly inhibited the utilization of glycerol and its conversion into glucose and CO 2 . (portlandpress.com)
Ethanol2
- A correlation of the results obtained for the CO(2) + glycerol + ethanol mixture with the Peng-Robinson equation of state, admitting quasi-binary behaviour, equally yields good agreement on the liquid side, and significant deviations on the vapour side. (unl.pt)
- Glycerol, a major by-product of ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is of significant importance to the wine, beer, and ethanol production industries. (fairdomhub.org)
Concentrations7
- Therefore it is necessary to establish threshold values for urinary glycerol concentrations because glycerol may also be of endogenous origin or may be taken up from other exogenous sources. (wada-ama.org)
- However, glycerol plasma concentrations can also be elevated during fasting and endurance exercise. (wada-ama.org)
- For the development of urinary threshold levels we intend to perform a) application studies of glycerol at rest and during exercise, b) to assess urinary glycerol excretion due to fasting and exercise and c) to determine reference values for urinary glycerol concentrations in normal doping control samples. (wada-ama.org)
- There was a rapid increase in urinary glycerol and maximum concentrations (50000-60000 µg/mL) were observed 2.5 to 4 h after the administration. (wada-ama.org)
- After 18 h of food deprivation followed by 90 minutes of endurance exercise, highly elevated plasma glycerol concentrations were observed but urinary glycerol concentrations were only slightly increased (maximum concentration: 50.5 µg/mL). (wada-ama.org)
- In 516 randomly selected routine doping control samples, it was confirmed that urinary concentrations are slightly higher in in-competition than in out-of-competition samples, but in all samples urinary glycerol concentrations remained below 200 µg/mL. (wada-ama.org)
- The phase behaviour of the system CO2 + methanol + glycerol has been studied at low concentrations of this tri-alcohol. (aston.ac.uk)
Hydration6
- Stratum corneum hydration showed significantly higher values in the sites treated with glycerol+occlusion, compared with all other sites. (nih.gov)
- Stratum corneum hydration showed highest values in the glycerol treated sites after 3 days of treatment. (nih.gov)
- As the glycerol-induced recovery of barrier function and stratum corneum hydration were observed even 7 days after the end of treatment, glycerol can be regarded as a barrier stabilizing and moisturizing compound. (nih.gov)
- Switch Nutrition's patented highly bioavailable glycerol formula containing GlycerPump®, which is designed to support enhanced pumps, cell hydration, performance, endurance, and recovery. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
- Glycerol is a naturally occurring sugar and plays a role in supporting cellular hydration. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
- Glycerol helps to support hydration, aid muscle recovery, support athletic performance, and increase muscle cell volume. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
Mild2
- While intoxication as a result of excessive glycerol consumption is rare and its symptoms generally mild, occasional reports of hospitalization have occurred. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycerol is a mild neurolytic agent used for treating trigeminal neuralgia but may cause perineural damage. (medscape.com)
Biodiesel1
- Because of the large-scale production of biodiesel from fats, where glycerol is a waste product, the market for glycerol is depressed. (wikipedia.org)
Citric1
- Semen samples chosen as suitable for being frozen were extended 1:1 (semen/extender) by Tris extender containing 20% egg yolk without glycerol [Tris (hydroxymethyl-aminomethane) (2.40 g) - fructose (1.00 g) - citric acid (1.30 g) osmolarity: 285 mOsmol/kg] at +26 ºC. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Liquid1
- Comfrey Glycerol Extract is a beige/yellow to dark brown, clear liquid. (aromantic.co.uk)
Drugs3
- Furthermore, there are natural sources of glycerol such as foodstuff (e.g. wine) and over-the-counter drugs. (wada-ama.org)
- Also, little is known about urinary glycerol following prolonged fasting, endurance exercise or the intake of glycerol-rich foods or drugs. (wada-ama.org)
- In addition, glycerol may also occur endogenously during increased lipolysis and it can also be ingested from foodstuff or drugs. (wada-ama.org)
Amounts1
- 2008) can be used to identify athletes, who have misused glycerol in relevant amounts. (wada-ama.org)
Endurance2
- If you're looking to improve your muscle pumps, performance, and endurance, consider adding glycerol to your stack. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
- By adding Switch Nutrition Glycerol to your supplement stack, this formula can help you improve endurance, recover quicker, and heighten workout intensity. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
Differences2
- Significant differences between glycerol open vs. untreated and glycerol occluded vs. untreated were observed at day 3. (nih.gov)
- In study 2 a faster barrier repair was seen in glycerol-treated sites, with significant differences against untreated and base-treated sites 7 days after the end of the treatment. (nih.gov)
Water6
- Glycerol and water are used to preserve certain types of plant leaves. (wikipedia.org)
- In study 1 a faster barrier repair (transepidermal water loss) was monitored in glycerol-treated sites. (nih.gov)
- Glycerol is best taken with water or a carbohydrate/electrolyte drink. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
- Combine Comfrey Glycerol Extract with Arnica Tincture and Eyebright Tincture along with some Witch Hazel Water when making eye creams. (aromantic.co.uk)
- In sports glycerol is typically used in high doses in combination with excess fluid in order to increase total body water. (wada-ama.org)
- acids, soapstock, and glycerol water. (scirp.org)