Germanium. Medical search. Frequent questions

A research team from IBM and the Georgia Institute of Technology has demonstrated the first silicon-germanium transistor able to operate at frequencies above 500 GHz. (webwire.com)
Silicon-germanium technology has been of great interest to the electronics industry because it allows substantial transistor performance improvements to be achieved while using fabrication techniques compatible with standard high-volume silicon-based manufacturing processes. (webwire.com)

High purity germanium crystal bars. (theodoregray.com)
I will talk about the basic DLTS theory, experimental components and different peaks due to the deep level we found in high purity Germanium samples. (aps.org)
The current generation 76 Ge experiments GERDA and the Majorana Demonstrator, utilizing high purity Germanium detectors with an intrinsic energy resolution of 0.12%, have achieved the lowest backgrounds by over an order of magnitude in the 0νββ. (lu.se)
The current generation 76 Ge experiments GERDA and the Majorana Demonstrator, utilizing high purity Germanium detectors with an intrinsic energy resolution of 0.12%, have achieved the lowest backgrounds by over an order of magnitude in the 0νββ signal region of all 0νββ experiments. (lu.se)

The silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors built by the IBM-Georgia Tech team operated at frequencies above 500 GHz at 4.5 Kelvins (451 degrees below zero Fahrenheit) - a temperature attained using liquid helium cooling. (webwire.com)
There have been extensive studies on the feasibility of leveraging silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) to implement cryogenic LNAs in the past. (umass.edu)

In July, the China Ministry of Commerce announced that as of August 1, the exporters of gallium and germanium, as well as their chemical compounds, would need to apply for licenses from the commerce ministry if they want to start or continue shipping them out of the country. (techspot.com)
China is the world's largest producer of gallium and germanium, producing around 94% of the world's supply of the former metal and 83% of the latter, thanks to its cheaper production costs. (techspot.com)
He Yadong, a spokesperson from China's commerce ministry, told a press briefing that several companies had applied for licenses in the middle of August to export gallium and germanium. (techspot.com)
On July 3, China's Ministry of Commerce announced that from August it would restrict exports of raw gallium and germanium as well as products derived from these two metals. (ifri.org)
Indeed, a broad weaponization of gallium and germanium won't only harm those it sets out to target and press them to develop alternative supplies, but would significantly, and perhaps even disproportionately, undermine China's own industrial interests as well. (ifri.org)

The Compex detector is an electrically cooled, composite germanium detector that uses four coaxial, cubic-shaped, single-encapsulated germanium crystals. (uni-koeln.de)
Deep-level impurity impacts germanium detector performance in terms of charge trapping and charge carrier recombination that will eventually broaden energy resolution of germanium detectors. (aps.org)
The experimental setup comprised the germanium detector array CLARION, a recoil mass spectrometer and an ion- ization chamber. (lu.se)
Anti-Compton shield for Compex germanium detector modules , Nucl. (lu.se)

R. N. Hall , " Electron-Hole Recombination in Germanium " , Phys. (pveducation.org)

Ge3N4 powder is the name of Germanium Nitride. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Germanium nitride powder Ge3N4 is used as an anti reflection layer in integrated circuit devices. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Globally trusted Footprintbooks Germanium Telluride GeTe Powder supplier. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Many types of packaging are available depending on the amount of germanium Telluride GeTe Powder. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Germanium-tetrae GeTe powder packaging You can vacuum pack 100g, 500g, 1kg/bag or 25kg/barrel. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Germanium Telluride GeTe Powder Shipping We can ship by sea or air as soon as we receive payment. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Germanium dioxide (the molecular formula GeO2) is a powder. (iberocruceros.com)

Germanium telluride crystals are a semiconductor of the periodic table WTH group element. (hiphopgalaxy.com)

Reuters reports that China exported 36.48 metric tons of germanium in the first eight months of 2023, while gallium exports were at 22.72 tons for the same period. (techspot.com)

Germanium Telluride is an interesting candidate material for spintronic devices. (sciencedaily.com)
Germanium telluride (GeTe) is known as a ferrolectric Rashba semiconductor with a number of interesting properties. (sciencedaily.com)
Germanium telluride is therefore an interesting material for spintronic devices, which allow data processing with significantly less energy input. (sciencedaily.com)
Germanium Telluride (GeTe), which is a combination of germanium-tellurium is an ingredient of chalcogenide glas. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Three main types are germanium telluride crystals. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
The main phase in pure GeTe at the ferroelectric Curie temperature is 670 K. Low-temperature superconductor, doped germanium Telluride. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Prices starting at Germanium Telluride Anytime. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Germanium Telluride has the chemical composition GeTe. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
1) Add some germanium telluride to the organic solution and stir it. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
This is the ratio of the germanium telluride dust to the volume fraction in the organic solvent. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Supernatant was used to disperse the two-dimensional material germanium Telluride. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Germanium Telluride is a thermoelectric substance. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
For thermoelectric refrigeration, germanium telluride can be used. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
Germanium telluride can also be used to make semiconductors and infrared detection devices. (hiphopgalaxy.com)

Elemental germanium is used as a semiconductor in transistors and various other electronic devices. (wikipedia.org)
Historically, the first decade of semiconductor electronics was based entirely on germanium. (wikipedia.org)
Germanium did not become economically significant until after 1945 when its properties as an electronic semiconductor were recognized. (wikipedia.org)
The interaction of femtosecond lasers with Germanium (semiconductor) can be examined by modifying the two-temperature model for semiconductors. (azooptics.com)

Germanium Telluride's chemical formula is GeTe with a molecularweight of 200.24. (hiphopgalaxy.com)

Germanium-74 Oxide Isotope is one of over 200 stable isotopes produced by American Elements for biological and biomedical labeling, as target materials and other applications. (americanelements.com)
The lightest stable isotope of germanium is 70Ge, and thus 62Ge is far from stability. (lu.se)

However, there is considerable mismatch in temperature coefficient of expansions (TCEs) between silicon and germanium and silicon substrates can be lossy for very high performance rf and millimetre wave circuits. (qub.ac.uk)
A femtosecond laser can precisely polish Germanium optical substrates. (azooptics.com)

Like silicon, germanium naturally reacts and forms complexes with oxygen in nature. (wikipedia.org)
Similar to silicon and aluminium, naturally-occurring germanium compounds tend to be insoluble in water and thus have little oral toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Germanium with an electron mobility twice that of silicon and a hole mobility four times that of silicon is a possible candidate for enhanced CMOS circuits. (qub.ac.uk)
Generally germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) refers to a thin germanium layer on an oxidised silicon substrate. (qub.ac.uk)
Though the record performance was attained at extremely cold temperatures, the results suggest that the upper bound for performance in silicon-germanium devices may be higher than originally expected. (webwire.com)
Ultra-high-frequency silicon-germanium circuits have potential applications in many communications systems, defense systems, space electronics platforms, and remote sensing systems. (webwire.com)
The next step in this research will be to understand the physics behind the silicon-germanium devices, which display some unusual properties at these extremely low temperatures. (webwire.com)
SiGe is a process technology in which the electrical properties of silicon, the material underlying virtually all modern microchips, is augmented with germanium to make chips operate more efficiently. (webwire.com)
By introducing germanium into silicon wafers at the atomic scale, engineers can boost performance while retaining the many advantages of silicon. (webwire.com)

However, synthetic soluble germanium salts are nephrotoxic, and synthetic chemically reactive germanium compounds with halogens and hydrogen are irritants and toxins. (wikipedia.org)
Finely divided germanium may react with water under fire conditions liberating flammable hydrogen gas. (espimetals.com)

ISP Optics Germanium (Ge) Windows provide transmission and low absorption through the Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) spectrum, making it useful for thermal imaging applications. (edmundoptics.com)
Germanium features a Knoop Hardness of 780, making it ideal for infrared applications requiring rugged optics. (edmundoptics.com)
ISP Optics Germanium Windows are ideal for integration into thermal imaging systems, especially those that require rugged optics. (edmundoptics.com)
The field of optics has long relied on traditional materials like germanium for a range of applications, from infrared imaging to spectroscopy. (techbriefs.com)
These elements, when combined, create materials with exceptional optical properties, positioning them as worthy substitutes for traditional germanium optics. (techbriefs.com)
Chalcogenide materials have emerged as a germanium substitute primarily because they meet and often exceed the optical characteristics required in the optics industry. (techbriefs.com)
This broader range unlocks new possibilities in infrared imaging and spectroscopy by accessing wavelengths previously out of reach with germanium optics. (techbriefs.com)

Using quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with ab initio calculations, we are able to characterize the transition between different equilibrium geometries of a germanium cluster consisting of less than 25 atoms. (nature.com)
Search for global-minimum geometries of medium-sized germanium clusters. (unl.edu)
We performed a constrained search for the geometries of low-lying neutral germanium clusters GeN in the size range of 21≤ N ≤29. (unl.edu)

analyzed how germanium thin film reacts with a single femtosecond laser pulse. (azooptics.com)

Germanium and gallium arsenide (GaAs) are lattice-matched offering the potential of germanium p-channel MOSFETs with n-channel MOSFETs on epitaxially grown GaAs layers to exploit both high mobility holes and high mobility electrons. (qub.ac.uk)

In its elemental form, germanium is a brittle grayish white semi- metallic element. (americanelements.com)

Z.Vex has announced a new version of its popular Woolly Mammoth fuzz pedal, which is now available with a Germanium Mod. (musicradar.com)
The Germanium Fuzz is a fuzz pedal. (chucklevins.com)

Here we present an atomic scale observation as well as the dynamical behaviour of ultrasmall germanium clusters. (nature.com)
124, 054304 (2006)] as well as for smaller-sized germanium clusters [S. Bulusu et al. (unl.edu)
This result is consistent with the ion-mobility measurement in that medium-sized germanium clusters detected are all prolate in shape until the size N ~65. (unl.edu)

Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. (wikipedia.org)
He also determined an atomic weight of 72.32 by analyzing pure germanium tetrachloride (GeCl 4), while Lecoq de Boisbaudran deduced 72.3 by a comparison of the lines in the spark spectrum of the element. (wikipedia.org)
Germanium (atomic symbol: Ge, atomic number: 32) is a Block P, Group 14, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 72.63. (americanelements.com)
The thermal process of a germanium thin film by a single laser pulse has been investigated through an atomic-level hybrid approach coupled with molecular dynamics. (azooptics.com)

Motivated by Compex's unique cubic germanium crystals, the Lund scanning system has been developed. (uni-koeln.de)

Germanium compounds are also used for polymerization catalysts and have most recently found use in the production of nanowires. (wikipedia.org)

So instead, Winkler named the new element germanium (from the Latin word, Germania, for Germany) in honor of his homeland. (wikipedia.org)
The name Germanium originates from the Latin word "Germania" meaning "Germany. (americanelements.com)

In designing infrared optical systems, the greatest advantage chalcogenide glasses have over germanium shows up when a designer is looking to athermalize the optical system. (techbriefs.com)
Chalcogenide glasses can be fabricated into optical elements with the same techniques as the germanium, but they have the inherent advantage of being glass which allows many of the compositions to be hot-formed into optical elements. (techbriefs.com)
Another feature from the ability to customize the composition of the chalcogenide glasses is the ability to have a significantly extended transmission range when compared to germanium, toward the visible or further into the infrared. (techbriefs.com)

Germanium is mined primarily from sphalerite (the primary ore of zinc), though germanium is also recovered commercially from silver, lead, and copper ores. (wikipedia.org)
The researchers proposed that the impact ionization process is primarily responsible for the thermal change of the germanium thin film surface caused by femtosecond laser irradiation. (azooptics.com)

The germanium atom has a radius of 122.5 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 211 pm. (americanelements.com)

Germanium Lenses from Avantier Inc. (globalspec.com)
Our germanium lenses also come with BBAR (broadband anti-reflection) coatings, which further enhance their performance, particularly in the desired wavelength range of 3-12 μm. (globalspec.com)
Incorporating germanium transmits, which is a unique characteristic of this material, these lenses excel in mid-infrared light applications. (globalspec.com)
Among our offerings, plano-convex germanium lenses stand out for their utility in light collimation and focusing applications. (globalspec.com)
Our aspheric germanium lenses deserve special mention as they tackle the challenge of eliminating spherical aberration in optical systems, leading to simplified setups and even potential weight reduction in certain cases. (globalspec.com)
This level of quality is suitable for most laser applications, guaranteeing reliable and high-performance germanium lenses for your needs. (globalspec.com)
These are very beautiful, very fancy, and normally very, very expensive germanium lenses used to focus infrared light. (theodoregray.com)

Epitaxial GaAs on germanium offers the possibility of integrating optical and electronic circuits and of circuits employing mixed semiconductors. (qub.ac.uk)

They demonstrated that this approach could predict several thermal and optical properties of germanium thin film at the femtosecond. (azooptics.com)

Femtosecond laser irradiation induces a change in both the optical and thermal characteristics of germanium thin film. (azooptics.com)
combined the two-temperature model with the Drude model and the electron density rate equation to solve the limitations of traditional models monitoring the thermal and optical response of germanium thin film under femtosecond laser excitation. (azooptics.com)
In this research, the extended two-temperature model coupled with the electron density rate equation and the Drude model was used to theoretically investigate the thermo-optical response of Germanium thin film under femtosecond laser irradiation. (azooptics.com)
Part No' GOW254, GOW-254, GOW 254 - Order this Stock Optical Germanium Window Online or call sales +44 (0)1223 420329. (uqgoptics.com)

Wampler has made a new version of its wonderful Tumnus overdrive pedal - so is this Germanium version better or just different? (musicradar.com)
This pedal is designed around two germanium 2N527 OR 2N404 Germanium Transistors. (chucklevins.com)

China's exports of germanium and gallium products fell to zero during August following the country's introduction of export controls on the materials. (techspot.com)
However, recent challenges stemming from germanium export restrictions in China have sparked a search for alternative materials. (techbriefs.com)

Exports ramped up in July - 8.63 tons of germanium, and 5.15 tons of gallium - ahead of the restrictions being introduced . (techspot.com)

Germanium is too reactive to be found naturally on Earth in its native state. (americanelements.com)

Germanium is subject to thermal runaway, meaning that the transmission decreases as temperature increases. (edmundoptics.com)
They identified the physical mechanisms underlying the thermal changes that radiation causes in germanium. (azooptics.com)

A photodetector based on an epitaxial gallium arsenide structure has been used to expand the spectral composition in the measurements of the rise of far-IR emission from hot holes in germanium in a transverse magnetic field. (harvard.edu)

Germanium is not an abundant material. (qub.ac.uk)
Germanium-74 oxide isotopic material is available with various enrichment levels. (americanelements.com)

See more Germanium products. (americanelements.com)
Germanium is used in a wide range of products such as fiber-optic communications, night-vision goggles, space exploration satellites, solar panels, LCD monitor backlighting, and many other items. (techspot.com)

This magnetic therapy bracelet has a combination of four powerful types of natural therapy element: 1500 - 1800 gauss bio magnet (silver) Germanium (black) Far Infrared Ray Technology (red) Negative Ion Technology (white) The Bio-Energy Magnetic Therapy Bracelet combined and leverage the natural power from the magnets, negative ions, far infrared ray technology and germanium's characteristic in a unique design, allowing you to passively receive benefits from them throughout the day. (tripleclicks.com)

To overcome these disadvantages it is probable that germanium will be used in the form of a thin layer on an insulating substrate. (qub.ac.uk)

Demonstration of Germanium Vertical Gate-All-Around Field-Effect Transistors Featured by Self-Aligned High-κ Metal Gates with Record High Performance. (bvsalud.org)

Germanium is considered a technology-critical element. (wikipedia.org)
Germanium is not thought to be an essential element for any living organism. (wikipedia.org)

During World War II, small amounts of germanium were used in some special electronic devices, mostly diodes. (wikipedia.org)
They are set up in the ubiquitous 60's circular fuzz topology, and tuned for good sound, and include some additional oddities aimed at solving the issues that prevent more widespread use of Germanium devices. (chucklevins.com)

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Transistor2

Purity4

Heterojunction bipolar transistors2

Gallium and germanium5

Detector4

Phys1

Powder7

Periodic Table1

20231

Telluride14

Semiconductor4

GeTe1

Isotope2

Substrates2

Silicon9

Hydrogen2

Optics7

Geometries3

Reacts1

Electrons1

Elemental1

Fuzz pedal2

Clusters3

Atomic4

Crystals1

Compounds1

Germania2

Chalcogenide3

Primarily2

Atom1

Lenses7

Circuits1

Properties1

Optical4

Pedal2

Export2

Exports1

Naturally1

Thermal2

Emission1

Material2

Products2

Energy1

Form1

Performance1

Element2

Devices2