• The two successive nanos gene duplications may result from the second and third whole genome duplication events at the basis of Vertebrates and Teleosts respectively. (nature.com)
  • In teleostean fish, two nanos1 genes were generated, probably during the Teleost specific whole genome duplication (3R). (nature.com)
  • For the first time, researchers from Tel Aviv University have developed a genome-scale technology that makes it possible to reveal the role of genes and traits in plants previously hidden by functional redundancy. (phys.org)
  • But until this recent development, it was only possible to examine the functions of single genes , which make up only 20% of the genome. (phys.org)
  • For the remaining 80% of the genome, made up of genes grouped in families, there was no effective way, on the large scale of the whole genome, to determine their role in the plant. (phys.org)
  • One of them was the need to identify as precisely as possible which genes in the plant's genome are responsible for a specific desired trait to cultivate. (phys.org)
  • The identification of potential gene sequences (pHaps) from soybean allows us to begin to get a picture of the genomic history of the organism as well as begin to observe the evolutionary fates of gene copies in this highly duplicated genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When available, the information provided by whole-genome sequencing projects provides an entry into an understanding of genome structure and evolution and gene discovery, and function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used this assay to examine the redundancy of duplicated genes in the genome of C. elegans that correspond to single orthologs in S. cerevisiae or D. melanogaster and identified 16 pairs of duplicated genes that have redundant functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this report, we briefly present assembly and features of B. oleracea genome, and then focus on evolution of duplicated genes in comparison with B. rapa and A. thaliana . (confex.com)
  • Here, we analyse gene duplicate retention after whole genome duplication events at the base of the vertebrate lineage. (bath.ac.uk)
  • To elucidate the structural characteristics of newly arisen gene duplicates at infancy and their subsequent evolutionary properties, we analyzed gene pairs with ≤10% divergence at synonymous sites within the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Most gene duplicates reside close to the parent copy at inception, often as tandem inverted loci, and appear to disperse in the genome as they age, as a result of reduced survivorship of duplicates located in proximity, to the ancestral copy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We propose that illegitimate recombination events leading to inverted duplications play a disproportionately large role in gene duplication within this genome in comparison with other mechanisms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Katju, V & Lynch, M 2003, ' The Structure and Early Evolution of Recently Arisen Gene Duplicates in the Caenorhabditis elegans Genome ', Genetics , vol. 165, no. 4, pp. 1793-1803. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Alignments are merged in from the hg19 tRNA Genes track and from Rfam in regions that are syntenic with the mm9 mouse genome. (ucsc.edu)
  • If you can identify the genes that control resistance, and if you know where they are in the genome, you can try to change their regulation. (buffalo.edu)
  • This diagram shows in true scale the gene on the genome, the mRNAs and the cDNA clones. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic improvement of this important crop depends on a complete and through understanding of the genes that make up the genome and how they have evolved. (usda.gov)
  • A first step to understanding the soybean genome is to identify all genes in the genome and then to infer functions for them in order to identify genes that may play a role in traits of agronomic importance. (usda.gov)
  • Based on the genetic differences VanKuren and Long now see between Apollo and Artemis in modern flies, they calculate that the original gene duplicated itself, or was copied and pasted as a second version in the genome, around 200,000 years ago. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Here, we use a computational approach to perform genome-wide identification and analysis of 611 orthologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes. (springer.com)
  • Conservation of the genes belonging to the photoperiod, gibberellin and autonomous pathways was observed, while orthologues of the key genes found in the vernalisation pathway (FRI, FLC) were absent from the quinoa genome. (springer.com)
  • The more recent duplication event in particular would be expected to result in many paralogous pairs of genes differing by relatively few sequence differences, thus complicating gene identification using ESTs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This provides strong support for evolutionary models that predict that genetic redundancy between duplicated genes can be actively maintained by natural selection and is not just a transient side effect of recent gene duplication events. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One underlying cause of genetic redundancy may be gene duplication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After duplication, most extra gene copies soon accumulate disabling mutations and degrade, but some are retained. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The significance of gene duplication in provisioning raw materials for the evolution of genomic diversity is widely recognized, but the early evolutionary dynamics of duplicate genes remain obscure. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The median duplication span of 1.4 kb falls short of the average gene length in C. elegans (2.5 kb), suggesting that partial gene duplications are frequent. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Given the contrasting submodules and associated annotations of the two hsp70 paralogues, the GRN analysis suggests that each gene is carrying out additional separate functions, as well as being involved in the traditional chaperone heat stress response, and therefore supports the hypothesis that subfunctionalization has occurred after gene duplication. (elsevierpure.com)
  • By comparing the similarities and differences between kiss1 and kiss2 of neuronal localization and sensitivity to gonadal steroids in various tetrapods and teleosts, we discuss the evolution of kisspeptin neuronal systems after gene duplication of ancestral kisspeptin genes to give rise to kiss1 and kiss2 . (frontiersin.org)
  • This is one of the first studies to provide data showing that gene duplication can resolve sexual conflict, and that separate functions can evolve much more rapidly than classical evolutionary theories predict. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Gene duplication is long recognized as a potential source of genetic innovation ( Ohno, 1970 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Following duplication events, the resulting stretches of homologous sequence can promote recombination between gene copies. (elifesciences.org)
  • Inclusion of other genes in the duplicated region, or inclusion of aberrations of genes at the duplication endpoints, may potentially affect the phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • Based on phylogenetic and synteny analyses, this study reveals that nanos1 gene has undergone multiple duplications and gene copies losses in Vertebrates. (nature.com)
  • These observations are consistent with the view that alternative splicing shapes the survival chances of duplicate genes by facilitating functional split between gene copies. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Structural heterogeneity between duplicate copies is present very early in their evolutionary history and is maintained over longer evolutionary timescales, suggesting that duplications across gene boundaries in conjunction with shuffling events have at least as much potential to contribute to long-term evolution as do fully redundant (complete) duplicates. (elsevierpure.com)
  • duplicate copies of a letter. (dictionary.com)
  • Sometimes the duplicate copies persist for many millions of years before being lost, for reasons that Gramzow and Thießen are still investigating. (dictionary.com)
  • An immortal species of jellyfish has double copies of genes that protect and repair DNA. (newscientist.com)
  • They found the immortal jellyfish had twice as many copies of genes associated with DNA repair and protection. (newscientist.com)
  • The authors show that in Drosophila, a single gene duplicated and the two copies subsequently evolved to carry opposite sex-specifying functions contributing to the developmental and functional differences between males and females. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Duplicate copies of a gene shared by male and female fruit flies have evolved to resolve competing demands between the sexes. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • In the new study, VanKuren and co-author Manyuan Long, PhD, the Edna K. Papazian Distinguished Service Professor at UChicago, analyzed duplicate copies of a gene in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • The two copies, called Apollo and Artemis, began as essentially the same gene when D. melanogaster first evolved as a separate species 1.5 million years ago. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Our analysis indicated that on average each Arabidopsis flowering gene has two orthologous copies in quinoa. (springer.com)
  • Some patients with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease have been found to have 3 or more copies of the PLP1 gene. (medscape.com)
  • Long-read sequencing, producing reads of several tens to hundreds of kilobase pairs in length, facilitates the assembly of such regions as single sequences can span the multiple duplicated gene copies of the MHC region, and sequence through repetitive stretches and translocations in SDRs and S-locus haplotypes. (lu.se)
  • This genetic editing method allows us to design different sgRNA sequences to allow Cas9 to cut almost any gene that we want to change. (phys.org)
  • Large scale gene analysis of most organisms is hampered by incomplete genomic sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We identified approximately 45,000 potential gene sequences (pHaps) from EST sequences of Williams/Williams82, an inbred genotype of soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of these sequences revealed single base substitutions and single base indels are the most frequently observed form of sequence variation between genes within families in the dataset. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional annotation of gene sequences indicate functional classifications are not randomly distributed among gene families containing few or many genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we generate a synthetic sex distortion system by exploiting the specificity of the homing endonuclease I-PpoI, which is able to selectively cleave ribosomal gene sequences of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae that are located exclusively on the mosquito's X chromosome. (nature.com)
  • The reports on base sequences of spider silk protein genes have gained importance as the mechanical properties of silk fibers have been revealed. (bioone.org)
  • This study examined potential gene sequences identified in EST libraries of soybean and assigned the potential gene sequences with molecular functions. (usda.gov)
  • The accepted method to address this challenge is to produce mutations, that is, to modify genes in different ways and then to examine changes in the plant's traits as a result of the mutation in the DNA and to learn from this about the function of the gene. (phys.org)
  • He attempted to induce mutations in seeds by sending them up high in the atmosphere in hot-air balloons in the hope that cosmic rays would alter their genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The whales have mutations in a gene called ERCC1, which is involved with repairing damaged DNA, that may help protect the whales from cancer, a potential cause of death. (livescience.com)
  • Although most of our variety comes from reshuffling of genes from our parents, new mutations are the ultimate source from which new variation is drawn. (uncommondescent.com)
  • Although Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and X-linked spastic paraplegia type 2 are nosologically distinguished, they are at opposite ends of a clinical spectrum of X-linked diseases caused by mutations of the same gene, the proteolipid protein 1 ( PLP1 ) gene, and result in defective central nervous system (CNS) myelination (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The most common mutations that cause Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease are duplications of a region of the X chromosome that includes the entire PLP1 gene. (medscape.com)
  • We describe the first report of RNA sequencing of 5' capped (Pol II) RNAs isolated from acutely hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh 7.5 cells that provides a general approach to identifying differentially expressed annotated and unannotated genes that participate in viral-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
  • To identify key genes differentially expressed in the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) following low-level West Nile virus (WNV) infection. (molvis.org)
  • however, this study shows the utility of such data for investigating multiple questions concerning gene duplications, interactions and putative functions in a non-model species. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Such EST data form a valuable foundation for the understanding of the gene composition and genomic biology of yet-to-be fully sequenced genomes [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First, by removing BGCs from genomic analysis, he confirmed that the three previously described populations were indeed genetically distinct, and not defined solely by variation among gene clusters. (eurekalert.org)
  • A unique feature of Hox genes in most species is that they are organized in clusters, with their relative genomic position corresponding to their order of expression along the A-P axis ( McGinnis and Krumlauf, 1992 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • In Vertebrates, three Nanos paralogous genes were described. (nature.com)
  • In Vertebrates, Nanos paralogous genes were associated to partial redundancies and specific functional evolutions. (nature.com)
  • However, there is now a growing body of evidence to suggest that kiss2 , the paralogous gene for kiss1 , evolved in parallel during vertebrate lineage, and the kiss2 product also activates the GPR54 (kisspeptin receptor) signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • The LCR interacts with β-globin gene cluster involving long range DNA interactions mediated by various transcription factors to drive the regulation of globin genes expression. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • A computationally predicted gene regulatory network (GRN), generated from mantle-specific gene expression profiles in the Antarctic clam Laternula elliptica, was interrogated to test the regulation and interaction of duplicated inducible hsp70 paralogues. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. (lu.se)
  • With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
  • INTRODUCTION broken, which in realistic situations can severly constrain the Transcriptional regulation of effector genes is a highly successful regulatory options. (lu.se)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)
  • A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
  • Protein network functions for the DA-associated genes from this review include: antigen processing, lymphocyte activation, cytokine production regulation, and response to oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, if a single gene from a certain gene family is mutated, there is a high probability that another gene from the same family (actually a copy very similar to the mutated gene) will mask the phenotypes in place of the mutated gene. (phys.org)
  • Systematic analyses of loss-of-function phenotypes have been carried out for most genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Caenorhabditis elegans , and Drosophila melanogaster . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, although analyzing the loss-of-function phenotypes of all genes in a wild-type animal is a major advance, an understanding of how each phenotype is modulated by the activities of other genes will prove to be just as critical. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Annotations associated with the clusters in each submodule suggested that hsp70A primarily shares regulatory relationships with genes encoding ribosomal proteins, where it may have a role in protecting the ribosome under stress. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Plant genomes also evolve many tandem duplicated genes. (confex.com)
  • Understanding of the genomes and evolution of duplicated genes are of significance for genetic improvement of these crops. (confex.com)
  • We show that ancestral alternative splicing -a process by which a single gene can encode more than one distinct protein- in invertebrate single copy genes increased significantly the number of orthologous present in vertebrate genomes. (bath.ac.uk)
  • However, there is still much debate about whether redundancy of duplicated genes can be evolutionary selected [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To understand the evolutionary dynamics of V. cholerae O139, we sequenced segments from nine loci, including seven that may be classified as traditional housekeeping genes, one that carries the genes for cholera toxin, and another that is next to the insertion sequence within the O139 wbf region ( 3 - 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • On the other hand, it has been generally accepted in evolutionary biology that genes duplicated from a single gene in the ancestral vertebrate undergo sub-functionalization, neo-functionalization, or non-functionalization ( Ohno, 1970 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These genes are organized in clusters, where their order corresponds to their activity along the body axis, an evolutionary conserved feature known as collinearity. (biorxiv.org)
  • Learning Retention Mechanisms and Evolutionary Parameters of Duplicate Genes from Their Expression Data. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chromosomal mapping by in situ hybridization suggested that the duplicated MBP genes were located closely to each other at the distal part of chromosome 18. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In D. melanogaster , the eight Hox genes are organized in two separate clusters on chromosome 3R: the Antennapedia cluster (ANT-C) and the Bithorax cluster (BX-C). The 350 kb BX-C contains the Ubx, abd-A and Abd-B genes, which specify the identity of the more posterior embryonic parasegments 5 to 14 (PS5 to PS14). (biorxiv.org)
  • It is linked to the TBCE gene on chromosome 1q42-43 which encodes for the tubulin-specific chaperone E protein [2-4]. (who.int)
  • Chondrichthyan species display two nanos1 genes (named nanos1A / 1B ), which were both retrieved in some Osteichthyes at basal positions in Sarcopterygii and Actinopterygii lineages. (nature.com)
  • Finally, we found the complexity of species also provide a positive correlation with duplicates and splicing. (bath.ac.uk)
  • A duplicated gene that has rapidly evolved helps certain monkey species thrive on a diet of leaves. (sciencenews.org)
  • To understand the parallel evolution of these genes in the kisspeptin neuronal systems, we here propose that the steroid sensitivity helps to identify the functionally equivalent neuronal populations among different species, because the steroid sensitivity appears to be the evolutionarily well conserved feature of certain populations of the kisspeptin neurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hox genes encode crucial developmental regulators that specify segmental identities along the Antero-Posterior (A-P) body axis in the developing embryo of bilaterian species. (biorxiv.org)
  • We also identified 459 quinoa-specific genes uniquely expressed in the flower and/or meristem, with no known orthologues in other species. (springer.com)
  • The genes identified provide a resource and framework for further studies of flowering in quinoa and related species. (springer.com)
  • The track includes both protein-coding genes and non-coding RNA genes. (ucsc.edu)
  • Both types of genes can produce non-coding transcripts, but non-coding RNA genes do not produce protein-coding transcripts. (ucsc.edu)
  • Transcripts of protein-coding genes require the support of one RefSeq RNA, or one GenBank RNA sequence plus at least one additional line of evidence. (ucsc.edu)
  • Compared to RefSeq, this gene set has generally about 10% more protein-coding genes, approximately four times as many putative non-coding genes, and about twice as many splice variants. (ucsc.edu)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. (nih.gov)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • or the transmembrane protein gene cassettes of some pathogenic bacteria ( Santoyo and Romero, 2005 ), gene conversion can also generate sequence diversity. (elifesciences.org)
  • [ 1 ] is a congenital hypomyelination disorder caused by changes affecting the proteolipid protein 1 gene (PLP1) located on Xq22.2. (medscape.com)
  • Due to this phenomenon, called genetic redundancy, it is difficult to create a change in the plant itself and to determine the function of the gene and its link to a specific trait. (phys.org)
  • The current study sought to find a solution to the problem of genetic redundancy by using an innovative gene editing method called CRISPR. (phys.org)
  • using a redundancy criterion to identify reproducible sequence differences between related genes within gene families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although such studies vastly expand our knowledge of single gene function, they do not address redundancy in genetic networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caenorhabditis elegans gene dpy-21 , DumPY : shorter than wild-type. (nih.gov)
  • They found the jellies silenced developmental genes to return cells to a primordial state and activated other genes that allow the nascent cells to re-specialise once a new medusa buds off. (newscientist.com)
  • Researchers are working to determine which duplicated genes may contribute to the developmental delay and other problems that sometimes affect people with this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although there are several models proposed to explain fates of duplicated genes factors associated with duplicate gene retention remain poorly understood. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Functional annotation clustering of the microarray data showed that gene clusters involved in immune and antiviral responses ranked highly, involving genes such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 ( CCL2 ), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 ( CCL5 ), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 ( CXCL10 ), and toll like receptor 3 ( TLR3 ). (molvis.org)
  • AceView: gene:dpy-21, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView. (nih.gov)
  • A 712-bp nucleotide sequence upstream of the first exons of both of the duplicated MBP genes of shi(mld) was completely consistent with that of the control. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The exons for putative non-coding genes and untranslated regions are represented by relatively thin blocks, while those for coding open reading frames are thicker. (ucsc.edu)
  • We used the ESTminer suite of programs to identify potential soybean gene transcripts from a single genetic background allowing us to observe functional classifications between gene families as well as structural differences between genes and gene paralogs within families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To dissect functional hierarchies, we compared chromatin organization in larvae and in cell lines, with a focus on the Abd-B gene. (biorxiv.org)
  • hsp70B, on the other hand, interacted with a suite of genes involved in signalling pathways, including four transcription factors, cellular response to stress and the cytoskeleton. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 80%) and biological pathways (such as adipocytokine, Notch, Hedgehog and NOD-like receptor signaling) were not identified by previous gene array studies. (mdpi.com)
  • However, current knowledge of the molecular basis of quinoa flowering is limited and the details of flowering genes and associated pathways in quinoa remain elusive (Jarvis et al. (springer.com)
  • While VanKuren and Long don't yet know the function of the ancestral gene that preceded Apollo and Artemis, they suspect it must have been subject to extremely strong sexual conflict to still see residual effects. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Both genes are expressed in the nascent mesoderm and neurectoderm , and morpholino knockdown of either causes defects in differentiation and morphogenesis of the mesoderm and neural plate . (xenbase.org)
  • At the molecular level, knockdown of PQBP1 in Xenopus animal cap explants inhibits target gene induction by FGF but not by BMP, Nodal or Wnt ligands, and knockdown of either PQBP1 or WBP11 in embryos inhibits expression of fgf4 and FGF4 -responsive cdx4 genes. (xenbase.org)
  • Further analyses revealed that proband's duplicated β-globin gene cluster (∼650 kb) encompassing HBB A does not include the immediate upstream locus control region (LCR) or 3′ DNase I hypersensitivity (HS) element. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Ramsøe, A, Clark, MS & Sleight, VA 2020, ' Gene network analyses support subfunctionalization hypothesis for duplicated hsp70 genes in the Antarctic clam ', Cell Stress & Chaperones , vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1111-1116. (elsevierpure.com)
  • les analyses génétiques réalisées sur six d'entre eux ont révélé une délétion de 12 bp (155-166 del) dans l'exon 3 localisé en 1q42-43 dans le gène TBCE codant la protéine chaperon E spécifique de la tubuline. (who.int)
  • Remarkably, 14 of these redundant gene pairs were duplicated before the divergence of C. elegans and C. briggsae 80-110 million years ago, suggesting that there has been selective pressure to maintain the overlap in function between some gene duplicates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using this technique, we demonstrated that many duplicated genes can retain redundant functions for more than 80 million years of evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They can bind to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in order to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally with no sequence specificity but by potential electrostatic interactions with the phosphate backbone of RNA 2 , 3 . (nature.com)
  • In shi(mld), the MBP gene is duplicated and its reduced expression is mainly determined by the level of mRNA. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A recombinational event including the inversion seemed to have occurred within gene 1 and its possible relationship to the reduced expression of MBP is discussed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Aberrant expression of this gene is associated with type 2 diabetes and cancer progression in several cell types. (nih.gov)
  • As will be argued below, the non-mammalian kisspeptin systems show a wealth of diversity of gene expression ( kiss1 and/or kiss2 ) pattern in the brain and dynamic changes in expression according to the sex steroid milieu. (frontiersin.org)
  • RNA extracted from mock-infected and WNV-infected cells was assessed for differential expression of genes using Affymetrix microarray. (molvis.org)
  • Low-level WNV infection of hRPE cells induced expression of genes that are typically associated with the host cell response to virus infection. (molvis.org)
  • RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful technique for the identification of genetic variants that affect gene-expression levels, either through expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping or through allele-specific expression (ASE) analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using these reads we performed gene expression quantification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, these data identify Nanos as primordial genes with highly conserved functions for both, the migration of the germinal cells and their maintenance in adults. (nature.com)
  • The predominance of single nucleotide insertion/deletions and substitution events between genes within families (individual genes and gene paralogs) is consistent with a model of gene amplification followed by single base random mutational events expected under the classical model of duplicated gene evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed experimental evolution with vaccinia virus populations harboring a SNV in a gene actively undergoing copy number amplification. (elifesciences.org)
  • The next step is to explore these gene variants in mice or in humans," she says. (newscientist.com)
  • Poxvirus adaptation can involve combinations of recombination-driven gene copy number variation and beneficial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at the same loci. (elifesciences.org)
  • In order to expand our understanding of how recombination might influence virus variation during the course of adaptation, we focused on large DNA viruses, in which rapidly evolving populations can simultaneously harbor both adaptive gene copy number variation and beneficial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at the same locus. (elifesciences.org)
  • Single-exon genes require either two RNAs or two additional lines of evidence beyond the single RNA. (ucsc.edu)
  • Their simple modular structure and single open reading frame format are highly amenable to gene therapy-mediated delivery. (frontiersin.org)
  • This epidemic expansion probably resulted from a single source after a lateral gene transfer (LGT) event that changed the serotype of an epidemic V. cholerae O1 El Tor strain to O139. (cdc.gov)
  • An operon is a set of adjacent genes which are transcribed into a single messenger RNA. (researchgate.net)
  • These duplicates could produce greater amounts of protective and restorative proteins. (newscientist.com)
  • These genes code for proteins that are involved in cell-cell adhesions (CTNNA3), glutathione conjugation for xenobiotic metabolism (GST gene family), and immune system response (HLA gene family). (cdc.gov)
  • As part of the research, the team of researchers used the innovative technology "CRISPR" for gene editing and methods from the field of bioinformatics and molecular genetics to develop a new method for locating genes responsible for specific traits in plants. (phys.org)
  • Molecular functions of small and large gene families appear to be non-randomly distributed possibly indicating a difference in retention of duplicates or local expansion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hox genes encode transcription factors that specify segmental identities along the Antero-Posterior body axis. (biorxiv.org)
  • In Drosophila , the BX-C cluster contains the three most posterior Hox genes, where their collinear activation incorporates progressive replacement of histone modifications, reorganization of 3D chromatin architecture and sequential activation of boundary elements and cis -regulatory regions. (biorxiv.org)
  • The really unexpected result from this study is that despite being so young, these genes rapidly evolved, not only in a way to mitigate the sexual conflict but also to develop essential, sex-specific functions. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • 1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
  • One of the most direct approaches to elucidating the role of any particular gene is to characterize its loss-of-function phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If changes in the activity of one gene affect the loss-of-function phenotype of a second gene, then these two genes are said to interact genetically. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We report an infant with sickle cell disease phenotype by biochemical analysis whose β-globin gene (HBB) sequencing showed sickle cell mutation (HBB S ) heterozygosity. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • This gene is associated to a phenotype (DumPY : shorter than wild-type). (nih.gov)
  • Among the lambda clones containing promoter regions of the duplicated MBP genes in shi(mld), one (gene 1) had the same restriction enzyme pattern as that in control mice, but another (gene 2) had a rearrangement on a distal part of the promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Kisspeptin attracts particular attention, since previous reports have shown that the lack of kisspeptin receptors gene, GPR54 , in both mice and humans, or of the ligand gene ( Kiss1 ) in mice results in reproductive dysfunctions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Identifying gene - gene interactions that are highly associated with four quantitative lipid traits across multiple cohorts. (nih.gov)
  • This work will be used by soybean researchers and potentially soybean breeders to help identify genes that may play a role in soybean physiology and traits. (usda.gov)
  • The genes that control these competing traits, say for feather size and color, are said to be subject to sexual conflict, or selection in opposite directions by males and females. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • The collinear activation of the Hox genes and their cis -regulatory elements is thought to rely on the progressive opening of the chromatin within the BX-C along the A-P axis. (biorxiv.org)
  • We established conditions for RNA interference (RNAi) in C. elegans to target multiple genes simultaneously in a high-throughput setting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • pqbp1 and wbp11 genes are similarly expressed in mesoderm and neural tissues during Xenopus development. (xenbase.org)
  • Variation in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of rDNA genes ( 7 ) and in recA sequence ( 8 ) has been interpreted as evidence for multiple origins. (cdc.gov)
  • Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 23 genes was used to validate the microarray results. (molvis.org)
  • In a joint analysis on the 1,262 samples with high quality genotypes, we identified cis- eQTLs effects for 8,034 unique genes (at a false discovery rate ≤0.05). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our analysis uncovered a mechanism of adaptive SNV homogenization reminiscent of gene conversion, which is actively driven by selection. (elifesciences.org)
  • The UCSC Genes track is a set of gene predictions based on data from RefSeq, GenBank, CCDS, Rfam, and the tRNA Genes track. (ucsc.edu)
  • In this patient, the observed transcription from the duplicated, distally displaced HBB A cluster demonstrates that the loss of LCR and flanking 3′HS sites do not lead to complete silencing of HBB transcription. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Identifying gene-gene interactions that are highly associated with Body Mass Index using Quantitative Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (QMDR). (nih.gov)
  • Using long sequencing reads from the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform, we phased SNVs within large gene copy arrays for the first time. (elifesciences.org)